山东省2020届新高考英语大二轮总复习 第三讲 形容词和副词教案.doc

第三讲形容词和副词语法项目(一)形容词和副词的比较等级考纲解读定方向形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级和最高级；两者进行比较时，用比较级，此时的标志词为than，但需特别注意没有than时的比较级；三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级，此时往往用in或者of表示比较范围，但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。如何确定是填比较级还是最高级思考趋向1填形容词或副词的比较级提示词是形容词或副词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，特别是空格后有比较级标志词than时，应考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。2填形容词或副词的最高级提示词为形容词或副词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，并且句中有比较范围，句意有最高级含义时，要填其最高级形式。典例感悟典例1(2018浙江卷6月)there could be an even _ (high) cost on your health.解析：higher考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故需要用high的比较级higher。典例2(2016全国卷)if you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of _ (great) and less importance.解析：greater考查形容词的比较级。句意：如果你因工作上的责任感到压抑，你应该后退一步，并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要，哪些不那么重要。根据句意以及little的比较级less的提示可知空格处应用形容词great的比较级greater。典例3(全国卷)raymonds parents wanted him to have the _ (good) possible education.解析：best句意：raymond的父母想让他接受最好的教育。题干中的possible可与形容词的最高级连用表示强调，意为“最的”，故答案为best。形容词和副词的解题原则形容词和副词的比较等级暗示比较意义、有比较结构或有比较级修饰词时要用比较级；三者、三者以上进行比较或有修饰最高级的词时用最高级。实例体验1(2020东北三省四市一模)uber said its flying vehicles would be much _ (quiet)，cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.解析：quieter考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than可知，此处用比较级。2(2020唐山第一次调研)als adult son，ernie，however，is one of the _ (kind) men i have ever known. 解析：kindest考查形容词的最高级。句意：然而al已成年的儿子ernie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据i have ever known 可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级。3(2020广东七校联合体联考)my dad was 90 years old.he could hardly see very well and walked with a stick.i was scanning the restaurant，waiting to sit at the first table that was _ (convenient) than others.解析：more convenient考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的than可知，空处用形容词的比较级。4(2020湖北八校第一次联考)whatever happens in china，the third _ (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the worlds population，will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.解析：largest考查形容词的最高级。由空前的the third 可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。5(2020上饶模拟)my life is a lot _ (easy) at high school because my fellow students have accepted me.解析：easier考查形容词的比较级。根据句意及a lot可以修饰比较级，可知答案。6(2020淮北模拟)the more you think about it，the _ (hard) you will fall asleep.解析：harder此题考查“the比较级.the比较级.”结构。重点强化1使用比较级的常见情况(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断用比较级。(3)当空格前有表示程度的词，如a bit，a little，much，far，a great/good deal，a lot等或有still，even等词修饰时，需填比较级。(4)表示“越，就越”用“the比较级.，the比较级.”结构。(5)“否定词比较级”可以表达最高级含义。2使用最高级的常见情况(1)表达在某个范围内“最”时，使用“the形容词/副词的最高级比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in，of，among等。(2)当空格前有the second/third.，one of.等词时，需填最高级。(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及by far，almost，nearly等。3形容词变副词的规则一般情况加lycommoncommonly immediateimmediately以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lysteadysteadily busybusily以le结尾，去掉e加ysimplesimply gentlegently以ic结尾，加allyeconomiceconomically scientificscientifically4.形容词、副词的比较等级的不规则变化good/wellbetterbest；bad/badlyworseworst；many/muchmoremost；littlelessleast；farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest语法项目(二)形容词和副词之间的转化考纲解读定方向 形容词和副词之间的转化是高考的一大重点，在每年高考中都占有相当大的比重。语法填空的此类考点是根据形容词或副词的功能做出相互转化。因此考生应注意总结变化规律，尤其是其中的特殊变化形式。如何确定填形容词还是副词若提示词是形容词或副词，考虑形容词和副词之间的转化。典例感悟典例1(2017浙江卷11月)you need to _ (real)read at least one good book a week，preferably a classic.解析：really考查副词。句意：你在一周内至少需要真正地读一本好书，最好是一部名著。此处应用副词really修饰动词read。典例2(2017全国卷)steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.解析：fairly考查副词。修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词。典例3(2019郑州一中测试六)_(sad)，people can no longer visit the cave.解析：sadly句意：很遗憾，人们不能再参观那个洞穴了。空格处位于句首作状语修饰后面整个句子，故用副词形式；根据提示词可推知用sadly且其首字母要大写。典例4(2020长春外国语模拟)_ (tire) and short of breath，andy and ruby were the first to reach the top of mount tai.解析：tired句意：尽管已累到气喘吁吁，但是andy和ruby是最早到达泰山山顶的。此处是形容词作状语，说明主语的状态。注意首字母应大写。形容词、副词的解题技法明辨句子成分是关键实例体验(一)作定语修饰名词，作表语或补足语时要用形容词1(2017浙江卷6月)but something made her look closer，and she noticed a _ (shine) object.解析：shiny/shining考查形容词。根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。2(2020南昌ncs 项目一模)the town is as beautiful as the _ (magic) bird.解析：magical考查形容词。句意：这个城镇和那只神奇的鸟一样美丽。根据空后的名词“bird”可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式。3(2020太原阶段测评)many of us wake up feeling _ (tire)in the morning.解析：tired考查形容词。本句主语是人，故用形容词tired作feeling的表语。4(2019河北五个一名校联盟第二次模拟)the articles are intended for younger readers，but adults will find this site _ (suit) for them as well.解析：suitable考查形容词。这里构成“find宾语形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。5(2019成都第二次诊断)if youre _(adventure) and up for a challenge，the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing youre after.解析：adventurous考查形容词。根据空前的youre可知，此处应用形容词adventurous作表语。6(2019日照联考)the museums online store now offers special cultural and _ (create) products.for example，in 2014，it started to make tshirts that look like an emperors coat.解析：creative考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。(二)修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或句子时要用副词7(2016全国卷)recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _ (regular)解析：regularly考查副词。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。8(2020江西五校第一次联考)“if we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most _ (urgent) need are not going to be developed in time，”she said.解析：urgently考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。9(2020昆明调研)if it is your first trip to china，we _(sincere) suggest you should spend at least ten days visiting beijing，xian，dunhuang，urumqi and kashi.解析：sincerely考查副词。修饰动词suggest要用副词，所以填sincerely。10(2020广州调研)some microbes can make you sick.people usually call these ones germs._ (lucky) for you，there are more helpful microbes，working together to keep you healthy，than bad ones.解析：luckily考查副词。句意：对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。11(2020安徽名校模拟)_ (surprising)，10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant!解析：surprisingly考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式。句意：令人惊讶的是，这些厨师中百分之十的人认为他们一生中最喜欢的美食是在快餐店吃的饭菜。重点强化1看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词。(2019山东高三下学期综合测试)ron had a successful career and worked for ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。2看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子并在句中作状语，要想到用副词。luckily，her stepmother was kind to her.幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。3形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果。he returned home，safe and sound.他回到了家，安然无恙。牢记动词、名词变形容词的后缀实例体验1(2018浙江卷)the obvious one is money；eating out once or twice a week may be _ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.解析：affordable考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。根据前面的be可知，此处是系表结构，应用形容词；根据eating out once or twice a week并结合常识可知应是“付得起(affordable)”。2(2017江苏卷)only five years after steve jobs death，smartphones defeated _ (convention) pcs in sales.解析：conventional句意：在steve jobs去世仅仅5年后，智能手机就在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑。设空处应该用形容词形式修饰后面的名词。3(福建卷)it was _ (consider) of michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.解析：considerate句意：迈克尔考虑得非常周到，他告诉我们他将耽搁一些时间，以防我们担心。considerate考虑周到的。4(安徽卷)my good performance in the job interview left me _ (optimism) about my future and about what i can do here.解析：optimistic句意：我在求职面试中的优异表现让我对我的未来和在这里可以做的工作感到乐观。考查形容词。(be) optimistic about为固定短语，在本句中用形容词optimistic作宾语补足语。5(湖北卷)what was so _(impress) about jasmine westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.解析：impressive句意：jasmine westland的胜利给人留下如此深刻的印象是因为她光着脚在马拉松比赛中获得了第一名。系动词be后需用形容词作表语。根据句意可知，设空处表示“给人留下深刻印象的”，故用impressive。6(2019潍坊二模)chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.she was a very _ (care) mother.解析：careful/caring空格处修饰名词mother，故用形容词。care的形容词是caring(关心他人的)或careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。7(2019衡水月考)staying _ (health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.解析：healthy句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。重点强化 动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的，私人的centrecentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的formformal 正式的nationnational 全国的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的carecareful 细心的useuseful 有用的helphelpful 有帮助的edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled 迷惑的worryworried 担心的borebored 感到厌倦的exciteexcited 激动的；兴奋的underlineunderlined 加下划线的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊讶的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的worryworrying 令人担心的boreboring 令人厌烦的ibleaccessaccessible 容易到达的；容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的instructinstructive 有教育意义的expenseexpensive 昂贵的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的 anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的dirtdirty 有灰尘的；脏的rainrainy 有雨的sunsunny 阳光明媚的cloudcloudy 阴天的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的icsciencescientific 科学的economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的牢记几组易混形容词、副词实例体验1(2020沈阳监测)passing through several streets，we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.an hour later，i still couldnt bear to keep my eyes _ (wide) open.解析：wide考查副词。空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide 本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填widely，widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。2(2020重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“god，help me！”i begged anxiously.“is there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？”_，there was no sign of anyone.解析：however考查副词。空前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望，空后句意为“看不到任何人”，前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开，故用副词however。3(2020沈阳监测)i received an _ (amaze) look because he thought i was crazy.a chinese workmate joined me.解析：amazed考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”。形容人的表情，故用amazed。重点强化1常见的易用错的形容词和副词(1)以ly结尾的形容词，如friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly等。(2)意义有别的同根副词，如：close靠近(通常指距离)closely 密切地，仔细地hard 努力地，费力地hardly 几乎不most 最，(程度上)最大，非常mostly 一般地，主要地(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：wide宽地，widely广泛地，be widely known被广泛了解high高地，highly高度地，think highly of评价高deep深地，deeply深深地，be deeply moved被深深感动2ed 型形容词和ing型形容词的用法区分解决此问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人”(ing)，还是“感到”(ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(ing)还是感受(ed)。小题夯基练单句语法填空1david has won the first prize in singing；he is still excited and feels the _ (little) desire to go to bed.解析：least大卫“兴奋过头而睡意全无”，再结合空前的信息the暗示，此处该用little的最高级，故填least(最少的，最小的)，与句意吻合。2well have to expand our production to meet the _ (increase) demand for locally grown food.解析：increasing本空要用形容词作定语修饰demand，因此用提示词的形容词形式increasing表示“不断增长的”。3the workers are so _ (accustom) to the noise of the machine that they dont even notice it during their work.解析：accustomedbe accustomed to是固定搭配，意为“习惯于”。4our english teacher is as humorous as he is intelligent.it could never be _ (true)im crazy about him.解析：truer答语句意为“太好了，我对他着迷。”根据句意可知后者完全同意前者的看法，否定词比较级最高级。5while sometimes its necessary to have phone calls in public，loud phone conversations are not so _ (accept)解析：acceptablebe 动词are后接形容词充当表语。6if you sleep short of seven hours，you are three times _ (like) to catch a cold.解析：likelybe likely to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”。7douglas quite enjoyed himself while travelling in huangshan，though the journey took _ (approximate) a week.解析：approximately用副词修饰动词took。8we chinese are drinking twice as _ (many) as milk per person today as we did in 1995.解析：much修饰动词drink应该用副词much。many修饰复数可数名词。9i would like to have a _ (reliable) car.the one i have got keeps breaking down.解析：more reliable由句意可知空格处暗含比较，指与目前拥有的这辆汽车相比较“性能更好的”，故用reliable的比较级形式。10you have learned the poem by heart，but it doesnt _ (simple) mean that you have fully understood its meaning.解析：simply用副词修饰动词mean。大题提能练语法填空形容词和副词专练visitors to britain may find the 1._ (good)place to enjoy local culture is in a 2._ (tradition) pub.a team of researchers have revealed some of the 3._ (know) culture of british pubsstarting with the difficulty of getting a drink.this may sound 4._ (convenient)，but there is a 5._ (hide) meaning.pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness.standing at the b