山东省2020届新高考英语大二轮总复习 第三板块 完形填空 第二部分 题型应对策略教案.doc

第二部分题型应对策略句内层次题句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接作答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。典例(2019全国卷)“i figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as i am to my dogs，”says ehlers.“if it had been my dog，id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra mile.”60a.suitablebproudcwise dwilling解析：d考查形容词。此处表示如果这是“我”的狗的话，“我”也会希望有人会愿意多走那段路给“我”送来。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。利用生活常识和文化背景解题完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。典例(2018全国卷)when most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say “sorry，_41_ number！” and move on.41a.unlucky bsecretcnew dwrong解析：d利用生活常识和文化背景解题，根据生活常识，接到来自陌生人的短信，我们常说，“对不起，你错人了”。利用对应成分分析法解题完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。典例(2018全国卷)teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“what a 58.blessing this young man was to our family！he was so _59_and kind to do this.”59a.smart bcalmcsweet dfair解析：c本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选c。利用逻辑关系解题此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。典例(2019全国卷)back home，ehlers was troubled by that 45.lostdog.so，four days later，he called his friend greg，and the two drove _46_.48a.home bpastcback don解析：cehlers很担心那只丢失的(lost)狗。根据空处所在句可知，四天后，他叫上朋友greg，两人一起开车回去(back)。利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2018全国卷)the instructors called for an ambulance._55_，after a brief stay in hospital，ben was well enough to be allowed to _56._leave and later the family met up for dinner.55a.fortunately bfranklycsadly dsuddenly解析：a本题可利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文提到本在医院里待了很短时间就康复了，这是幸运的事(fortunately)。 frankly坦率地；sadly悲伤地；suddenly突然地。句组层次题句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义同、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。典例1(2019全国卷)they reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central_51_， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. when the light 52.appeared,_rjukan residents gathered together.“people have been 53.sitting there and standing there and taking 54.picture of each other，”ro says，“the town square was totally 59.full.i think.”alibrary bhallcsquare dstreet解析：c本题可以利用语义复现解题。由下段中的“the town square was totally.”可知此空填square。典例2(2017全国卷)while high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.i myself went through this_41_process and found something that has changed my_42._experience at college for the better：i discovered aslamerican sign language(美式手语)41a.searching bplanningcnatural dformal解析：a本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选a项。利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。典例(2019全国卷)“its not very 59.big，”she says，“but it is enough when we are _60_.”60a.trying bwaitingcwatching dsharing解析：d本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。此处表示“它(新光线)不是很大(big)，但当我们分享(share)的时候就足够了。”由语境及作者的感情色彩可知，此处填“sharing”恰当。利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。典例(2016全国卷)hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk.and theyve never actually 41.met you.everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away._43_ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.thats how powerful the 45.telephone is.43a.thus byetcthen dindeed解析：b本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为b.yet。thus“因此”，then“随后”，indeed“的确，确实”。利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2018浙江卷6月)i was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 43.habit.once that happened，i just kept 44.pushing my studying further and further back in my day.then i got to the point where i was _45_really late at night to get my work done.45a.hanging out bstaying upcjogging round dshowing off解析：b本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。上文中提到我一再往后推迟做作业和学习的时间，然后我到达我要熬夜才能把作业做完的地步。stay up“熬夜”。语篇层次题高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，每篇完形填空中总有23道这样的较难题目来担负着区分考生的功能。这类题目的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择，我们通常称这类题目为语篇层次题。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完文章最后一个词后综合思维再做判定。“语篇层次题”解题口诀句内句组不能解，暂把题目放一放。此类问题不要慌，放眼全篇细思量。语义复现和结构，逻辑关系能用上。文章脉络与首尾，五大方法来帮忙。利用语义复现解题在语篇层次题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。典例(2018浙江卷6月)when i got into college，things 40.changed.i suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.because of all this 41.extra time，there was no sense of 42.urgency to do my school work immediately.one day i46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)since his regular job was48.boring，i asked him why he just didnt do his sideline fulltime.he said without the job，he would 49.simply have too much time and would just do what i did back in _50_.50a.childhoodbcollegectown dbusiness解析：b本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。根据第三段内容，尤其是“when i got into college.noon time.”可知，就会像我在大学(college)期间那样(感觉时间多，从而经常拖延)。利用总分结构对照分析法解题完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。典例(2016全国卷)powerful，yes，but not always _46_.for years i dealt with my travel agent only by phone.rani，my faceless agent whom id never met 47.in_person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.but her cold voice really 48.annoyed me.i sometimes wished to 49.find another agent.one morning，i had to 50.book an immediate flight home for a family emergency.i ran into ranis office 51.for_the_first_time.the woman sitting at the desk,52.seeing my madness，sympathetically jumped up.she gave me a 53.comforting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 54.ticket immediately.“what a wonderful lady！” i thought.rushing out 55.gratefully i called out over my shoulder，“by the way，whats your name？” “im rani，” she said.i turned around and saw a 56.pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.i was 57.speechless! why had i thought she was cold? rani was，well，so 58.nice.sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，i figured it all out.ranis 59.friendlinessher warm smile，her nods，her im here for you 60.attitudewere all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.46a.direct busefulceasy daccurate解析：d本题可以利用总分结构对照分析法解题。此题在一个总述句“powerful，yes，but not always _46_.(电话是强大的，但不总是准确的)”中。这是为什么呢？下文叙述的事件给了我们本空的答案。因此，仅仅看到本题所在句子包含的信息是不够的，还要看后文的相关信息，这个关键信息就在下文的分述部分。只要抓住分述部分作者态度的转变过程，本题就迎刃而解了。总结一下分述部分，很容易判断出第46题答案就是d项accurate。因为下面分述部分讲的是作者在电话里觉得rani是冷漠的，但见面后印象完全转变，由此可知，电话的威力虽然强大，但并不总是准确的。利用逻辑关系解题在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。典例(北京卷)dario and his mother loved their new apartment.the living room was large enough for their piano.that night, the two of them 36.sat side by side at the piano.they played jazz music to celebrate their new home.the loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.the next morning, _38_， their happiness disappeared.someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.one of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano.darios mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything about it.but he said that they were all 40.nice people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.later that morning, dario suggested that they write a letter to their41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.38a.therefore bhowevercotherwise dinstead解析：b本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。通过上述对本填空前后文已知信息的分析，发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项b。利用文章发展脉络解题我们主张在做完形填空的时候要合理想象，其实就是合理思考和推理，不能脑洞大开，甚至“胡思乱想”，必须“随文应变”，不可“一意孤行”，要随着文段发展脉络，调整预测偏差。典例(2017全国卷).the 46.story began during my first week at college.i watched as the asl club 47.performed their translation of a song.both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.what i saw was completely unlike anything i had experienced in the 50.past.this newness just left me 51.wanting more.after that, feeling the need to _52_ further, i decided to drop in on one of asl clubs meetings.i only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, i was excited.i then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all i could.52a.exercise bexplorecexpress dexplain解析：b本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周我观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演我被表演所吸引我想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识我参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案为b项。利用首尾呼应关系解题记叙文类的完形填空在很多情况下不仅仅是在讲一个故事，而是要通过故事来升华主题，而升华的内容往往在文章结尾处，与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此，我们做题不是只到最后一空，而是要看到最后一个词，而且要学会“回头看”(重点是首段)。不要因我们过早地放松，忽略了首尾呼应关系，在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。典例(2017北京卷)hannah taylor is a schoolgirl from manitoba, canada.one day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown winnipeg.they saw a man 36.eating out of a garbage can.she asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.hannah was very 37.upset.she couldnt understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a _55_ in the world.you can, too!55a.choice bprofitcjudgement ddifference解析：d本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。文章首段讲到汉娜在五岁时看到无家可归的人在垃圾箱里捡东西吃，她很难过。通过首段尾句“hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.”可知她很想帮助这些人。而末段“hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a _55_ in the world.you can，too！”这句话与首段呼应。根据文章可知，汉娜的做法是众多年轻人中的一个例子，通过她的努力对这个世界有不小的影响。make a difference为固定短语，意思是“有影响，起作用”。故选d项。小题夯基练一、句内层次题1two years ago, while cathy was watching the olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head to be a swimmer.last summer, she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.she practiced hard and finally _19_ it.19a.increased bfoundccreated dmade解析：d此题属固定搭配。根据空前“she practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。make it“做到，成功”，是固定搭配。2(全国卷)51approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.they told her to stay _52_ until the emergency personnel arrived, 53.but she thought the car was going to 54.explode.52a.quiet bstillcaway dcalm解析：b本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，当时处境危险，救护人员来之前不能动(stay still)，以免伤势加重。quiet“静静的”，常表示一个人的性情稳定或外表安静；still“静止的，不动的”；away“离开”；calm“平静的，镇静的”。3to _51_ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.51a.show brecordcdecrease dmeasure解析：c本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。52environment，more governments.从上述分析可以看出，第51题与protect形成对应关系。因为后面有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案c项(decrease“减少”)。4larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _55_ she injured her neck.55a.as if bunlesscin case dafter解析：c本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。拉里告诉她他已经把火扑灭，她不应该动，以免(in case)伤了脖子。5several years ago i _37_ a letter from seventeenyearold kerry, who described herself as a worldclass faultfinder, almost always 38.bothered by things.37a.received bansweredcexpected drejected解析：a本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文语境“who described herself as.”可知，作者“收到”了一封信，信中一个十七岁的女孩凯里描述自己是一个世界级的吹毛求疵的人。二、句组层次题1while we were 36.eating,_kurt asked me, “john, what is your _37_ for personal growth？”. kurt 41.listened patiently, but then he 42.finally smiled and said, “you dont have a personal plan for growth，do you？”37a.suggestion bdemandcplan drequest解析：c本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。由42空后的“you dont have a personal plan for growth, do you？”可知选plan，表示个人成长计划。2for years i dealt with my travel agent only by phone.rani, my faceless agent whom id never met 47.in_person,_got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.but her cold voice really _48_ me.i sometimes wishes to 49.find another agent.48a.annoyed binterestedcdiscouraged dconfused解析：a本题可以利用态度或感情色彩关联解题。前文提到多年来，作者与他的旅行代理人仅以电话来沟通，从未见过面，这个旅行代理人总能给自己最低价格(rockbottom prices)，但是她的声音却是冷冰冰的，后文又提到作者有时希望另外找个代理人，可知代理人冷冰冰的声音让作者不开心，很生气。3all around the world, we can see the 50.consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.to 51.decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials._53_， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.53a.however botherwisectherefore dmeanwhile解析：a本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项a。4when i was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.that meant 41.beating_out miller king, who was the best _42_ at our school.42a.coach bstudentcteacher dplayer解析：d本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文中的“my only purpose was to become the star on our football team”可知，此空与“球员，选手”(player)有关，而不是教练(coach)、学生(student)或老师(teacher)。三、语篇层次题1lainey finished third grade.she had good grades and could read 41.above grade level, but she did not like to read.on a family car trip, her aunt dede pulled out a copy of harry potter, as a surprise for her 42.niece.but lainey took one look at it, 43.rolled her eyes, and said, “borrrring！” aunt dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it.44.even the youngest children in the class were 45.attracted by the story.they 46.listened with great interest, and then 47.enthusiastically joined in grand conversations about harrys adventures.“how can you say its _48_？have you read it？” asked aunt dede.48a.amazing bboringcridiculous dhumorous解析：b本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。上文“and said，borrrring！”中的borrrring是第48空的原词复现，故选b项。2hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.and theyve never actually 41.met you.everything they know about you 42.came through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away.43.yet they feel they can know you44.just from the sound of your voice.thats how powerful the _45_ is.powerful, yes, but not always 46.accurate.for years i dealt with my travel agent only by phone.45a.telephone bvoicecconnection dimpression解析：a本题为语篇层次题。本题很容易因为前文中的“the sound of your voice”而错选b项“voice”，但是文章开头说到“that little device”，因此这里讲的是“你书桌上的那台小装置”，下文也提到“only by phone”，因此本题选a项“电话”。3two years later, dad started his own _31_， which wasnt doing so well. after my graduation, dads business was getting back on track.31a.family bbusinessctask djourney解析：b本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。下文“dads business was getting back on track”中的business是31空的原词复现，故选b项。大题提能练a(记叙文)i had been standing perfectly still for a few minutes when a large black snake was moving past me.the long body _1_ moving so slowly by that it _2_ appeared to move.i stood shaking with _3_，not daring to make the slightest _4_.at last it _5_，and i ran away，thinking that _6_ again would i venture into or near that _7_ spot.however，i did venture.the picture of that black mysterious thing was always in my _8_ from the moment of _9_ in the morning until i fell asleep at night.yet i never said a word about the _10_ to anyone：it was my _11_，and i knew it was a dangerous one，_12_ i did not want to be told not to _13_ that spot again.and i simply could not _14_ it；the desire to look again at that strange thing was too _15_.i began to visit the place again，day after day.and i had decided i would take to my heels if it did _16_.once again that slight sound，like that a few days before，reached my _17_.and there appeared the black head and neck，followed by the long，endless body.i dared not _18_，since attempting to escape might be dangerous.about a yard from me there was a _19_ in the ground，and into it the snake put his head and slowly，slowly _20_ itself in，while i stood waiting until the head to the tip of the tail disappeared and all danger was over.解析：语篇解读每个人都会有自己历险的经历。本文作者以生动的笔触讲述了自己冒险探秘、观看蛇入洞的经历。1a.continuedbstartedcenjoyed dstopped解析：a考查动词。此处的“the long body”指前文出现的“a large black snake”，前面已经提到这条蛇正在从作者旁边爬过去，所以不能说蛇开始移动；又由“moving so slowly by”可知，蛇并没有停止移动。故选a。2a.naturally bhardlycfinally dclearly解析：b考查副词。结合前面的slowly一词可知，此处表示蛇移动得如此缓慢以至于几乎看不出它在动。hardly几乎不。3a.surprise bjoycterror dcold解析：c考查名词。根据前面的shaking可知，此处表示作者在蛇经过时吓得浑身发抖。4a.mistake bmovementcdifference dchange解析：b考查名词。此处表示“丝毫不敢动”，与第一句中的“standing perfectly still”相呼应。5a.disappeared bdiedcrested dpaused解析：a考查动词。此处表示蛇从作者身边经过后消失了。6a.ever boncecnever dstill解析：c考查副词。从上文蛇经过时的描述可知，蛇吓得作者发抖，作者应该再也不敢冒险到这个蛇出没的地方了。7a.attractive bdangerouscboring dquiet解析：b考查形容词。通过venture及terror等词的提示可知，此处表示作者认为有蛇出没的这个地方很危险，下文也出现过dangerous一词。8a.eye bopinioncmind ddream解析：c考查名词。此处表示那个黑色的神秘东西的图像总是浮现在作者的脑海里。9a.waking bsleepingcplanning dexercising解析：a考查动词。此处与空后的“fell asleep at night”相呼应，表示从作者清晨醒来的那一刻。10a.picture bplancsnake