轮机英语综合题库.doc

章节训练篇Lesson 1 Ships and MachineryI. Translate the following phrases into Chinese:1. naval architect 2. marine engineer3. longitudinal bulkhead 4. transverse bulkhead5. container vessel 6. roll on and roll off7. bulk carrier 8. crude carrier9. passenger ship 10. displacement11. light weight 12. deadweight13. metric ton 14. long tonII. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1. Some overlap in responsibilities occurs between naval architects and marine engineers in areas such as propeller design, the reduction of noise and vibration in the ships structure, and engineering services provided to considerable areas of the ship.2. Depending on the nature of their cargo, and sometimes also the way the cargo is loaded/unloaded, ships can be divided into different categories, classes, and types, some of which are mentioned in Table 1.3. Displacement comprises the ships light weight and its deadweight, where the deadweight is equal to the ships loaded capacity, including bunkers and other supplies necessary for the ships propulsion.4. The three layouts involve the use of direct-coupled slow-speed diesel engines, medium-speed diesels with a gearbox, and the steam turbine with a gearbox drive to the propeller.III. Multiple Choices:1. _ can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine is either a steam turbine or 2-stroke crosshead engine. A. The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine B. The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engine C. The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engine D. The low speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine 答案A 中速四冲程筒状活塞式柴油机可见于大多数的中型和大型商船，即使其主机是蒸汽透平或是二冲程十字头式柴油机。 2. _ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant vessels, because they have a high HP/Weight ratio. A. Slow speed diesel engines B. Medium-speed diesel engines C. Steam engines D. Gasoline engines 答案B 中速机作为商船的主机有增加的趋势是因为其具有较高的功率重量比。3. Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ships (especially containerships and VLCCs) utilizes_ as prime mover. A. gas turbine B. diesel engine C. steam engine D. gasoline engine 答案B 当代大多数商船（特别是集装箱船和超大型油轮）都采用柴油机作为推进船舶的原动机。4. Typical marine propulsion plants include_ directly coupled to the vessels single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller. A. single, long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke diesel engine B. a single, long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine C. two medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engines D. a variable-speed AC generator 答案A 典型的船舶推进装置包括一台长冲程低速增压二冲程柴油机和一个大直径定矩桨，两者直接连轴。 5. The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is _.A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpmB. they are connected to the propeller by gearingC. their smaller size and weightD. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing答案C 越来越多的商船使用中速柴油机，原因在于它们体积小，重量轻。6. _theengines,thedieselengineis_usedengineonboard.ABetween/morecommonly BAmong/themostcommonlyCBetween/notmorecommonly DAmong/notthemostcommonly答案B 在发动机中，柴油机用在船舶上最普遍。among指三者及三者以上之中。注意与between用法的区别。7. Adieselengineissimilartoagasolineengineexceptthattheformerhasno_.Across-head Bcylinder Cconnectingrod Dsparkplug答案D 柴油机与汽油机类似，但是没有火花塞。8. Thetermmediumspeeddieselengineiscurrentlytakentomeananenginewithanoperatingrotationalspeedof_rpm.Abelow300 Babove1200 Cbetween300to1200 Dbelow1200答案C 术语中速机是指运行速度介于300RPM1200RPM之间的发动机。9.Topreventthebuildupofhighstressesenginemustnotberuncontinuously_.Afasterthandeadslowspeed B.slowerthandeadslowspeedCwiththeoutputofMCR D.atcriticalspeeds答案D 为了防止产生高应力，发动机不应在临界转速下持续运转。10.Undermanoeuvringconditionthemainenginemayrunon_.A. gasoil B.M.D.O C. residueoil D. crudeoil答案B 在机动工况下，主机一般使用船用柴油。“M.D.O.=marine diesel oil”11.Beforeusingoroperatinganyequipment,youshouldfirst_itsmanualthoroughlyandunderstanditscontents_.Aread/sufficient Bconsult/sufficiently Cread/sufficiently Dconsult/sufficient答案C 在使用或操作任何设备之前，应首先仔细阅读操作手册，充分明白其内容。12.Therotatingrangeofthelowspeeddieselengineisusuallylowerthan_.A100rpm B200rpm C300rpm D500rpm答案C 低速柴油机的运行速度一般低于300 RPM。13.Amongthemainpropulsionunitsonboardtheshipwiththesamecapacity,thelightestoneis_.Asteamengine Bsteamturbine Cgasturbine Ddieselengine答案C 船舶使用的各种类型的功率相同的主推进装置中，重量最轻的是燃气轮机。14. Concerning diesel propelled vessels, the astern power is to provide for continuous operation astern _.A. equal to that available for ahead operation B. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm at rated speedC. while underway and under all normal conditionsD. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm of average continuous sea speed答案B柴油机驱动的船舶，倒车转速一般是正车额定转速的7080%。 15.Adieselengineisoperatingat1800RPManddrivingapropellerat600RPM. Whatisthespeedreductionratio?A. 0.30to1 B3.00to1 C3.33to1 D33.0to1答案B 减速齿轮箱的减速比=曲轴转速 / 螺旋桨转速=1800 / 600=3：116.Enginedisplacementisequaltothecylinder_.Aareatimesthestroke Bareatimesthestroke,timesthenumberofcylindersCvolumetimesthestroke Dvolumetimesthestroke,timesthenumberofcylinders答案B 发动机的排量=气缸面积活塞冲程气缸数目。17.Inusingreductiongearstoobtainefficientpropellerspeeds,_.AtheymustbelocatedattheafterendoftheengineBtheycanonlybeusedwithoneengineatatimeCtheyeliminatetheneedforcontrollablepitchpropellersDtheyareconnectedtotheenginewithaflexiblecoupling答案D 减速齿轮与发动机采用柔性联轴节连接。18.Maximumhorsepowerofadieselengineisattained_.AwhentheengineRPMispulleddownbyoverload BatratedengineRPMCat95%ofratedengineRPMDat95%ofaproperlyadjustedgovernorRPMwiththeengineunderfullload答案B 在额定转速时所产生的功率是柴油机的最大功率。19.Theterm“moderatespeed”waspreviouslyinterpretedasmeaningaspeedwhichwouldenableavessel_withinhalftherangeofvisibility.Astopping Bbeingstopped Ctostop Dtobestopped答案D 术语“中速”以前被解释为一种速度，在该速度下船舶能在一半距离内停下。20._allowstheenginetobeplacedwhereverismostsuitable,astheynolongerhavetobealignedwithreductiongearingandshaftingasisthecasewithconventionalinstallations.ADieselenginepropulsion BDieselelectricpropulsionCSteamenginepropulsion DGasturbinepropulsion答案B 柴油机电力推进系统的柴油机可布置在（机舱的）最佳位置，而不用像常规装置那样考虑柴油机与减速器和轴系的对中问题。21.Mediumspeedengineshavea_powertoweightratiothantheslowspeedtwostrokes,butduetothehigherspeedstendtohave_maintenanceintervals.Ahigher/reduced Bhigher/increased Clower/reduced Dlower/increased答案A 中速机与低速二冲程机相比有较高的功率/重量比，但也因其高速使得维修间隔缩短。22.Thedieselengineissimilartothegasolineengineinthat_.AbothofthemareignitedbycompressedairBbothofthemaretheformsofexternalcombustionenginesCbothofthemhavesparkplugs Dthepowerisdevelopedbythepistoninthecylinder答案D 柴油机和汽油机的相似点在于都使用活塞传递功率。23.Gasturbinesdifferfromsteamturbinesinthat_.Asteamratherthangasisusedtoturnashaft BvaporratherthangasisusedtoturnashaftCtheformerusesgastoturnashaft Dthelatterusesgastoturnashaft答案C 燃气涡轮和蒸汽涡轮区别在于前者使用燃气驱动转轴。24.Adieselenginewhichisratedfornormaloperationatacrankshaftspeedof800 RPM,iscommonlyclassedasa_.Aslow-speeddiesel Bmedium-speeddieselChigh-speeddiesel Dconstant-speeddiesel答案B 曲轴转速800转/分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称为中速柴油机。25._isanopeningforsupplyingseawatertocondensers,pumps,etc. locatedinthehullbelowthewaterlineandhavingmeansfortheattachmentofassociatedpiping.ASEACHEST BSCUPPER CSCUTTLE DSEAPORT答案A 海底门是位于水线以下船体的开口，连接有相应的管系，向冷凝器，水泵等提供海水。26.Ashipdesignedforcarryinggoodsrequiringrefrigerationiscalled_.AREEFER BRO/ROSHIP CCONTAINER DTANKER答案A 被设计装载需要制冷的货物的船舶称为“REEEER”。27.Thedepthoftheshipbelowwaterlinemeasuredverticallytothelowestpartofthehulliscalled_.Atrim Blean Cdraft Dtonnage答案C 水线以下至船底的垂直距离被称为吃水。28.Whichofthetermslistedbelowrepresentstheoperationalspeedatwhichexcessiveenginevibrationiscreated?ANon-harmonicspeed BCriticalspeedCMaximumspeed DDesignmaximumspeed答案B 临界速度代表发动机过度振动产生的运转速度。29.Whichofthedeviceslistedisinstalledonadieselenginetoisolatesomeofthecrankshaftvibrationscausedbyrotationalandreciprocatingforces?APlanetarygearset BTorsionalvibrationdamperCFrictionclutch DAirbladderclutch答案B 由于回转力和往复力造成的曲轴振动可以通过扭振减震器来隔离。30.Dieselengineelectricstartingmotorsgenerallyrequireheavierdutymotorsandoperateathighervoltagesthancomparablestartingmotorsforgasolineenginesdueto_.Ahigherspeedrequired Bflywheel-effectClowerstartingtemperatures Dhighercompressionpressures答案D 因为要更高的压缩压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有更大的功率和更高的电压。31.Somemediumandhigh-speeddieselenginesrequirereductiongearunitstoprovideausefulpropellerspeed. Inmostreductiongears,thebullgear_.Amustchurntheoilinthesump BisconnectedtothepropellershaftCisdrivenatthehighestRPMDcompensatesforalignmentvariationsbetweentheengineandpiniongear答案 B 中高速柴油机需要减速装置来提供可用的螺旋桨转速。大多数减速装置，大齿轮与螺旋桨轴连在一起。32.Whenusedwithreversingreductiongears,medium-speeddieselenginesshouldbeboltedtotheirfoundationswithfittedboltsatthedriveendandclearance(looselyfitted)boltsinotherlocations. Thisisdoneto_.AmaintainalignmentwhentheshipshullisworkinginheavyseasBensureenginevibrationscorrespondtothenaturalfrequencyofthehullC. permittheenginetoexpandawayfromthedrivenequipmentastheengineheatsupandexpandsDmaintainenginethrustbearingclearances答案C 当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地。33.Whentransmittedbyareductiongear,dieselenginespeedisreducedandthetorqueavailableforwork_.Aremainsthesame Bisreduced Cisincreased Diseliminated答案C 速度降低，扭矩上升。34.TheabbreviationM/Eisusedtorepresentthe_.Ameasureequipment B.mainelectrical Cmyengine D. mainengine答案D 主机的缩略语是“M/E”。abbreviation：n.缩写, 缩写词35.With_theengineneedsnottobealignedwithreductiongearsorpropellershaft.ADieselenginepropulsion BDieselelectricpropulsionCSteamenginepropulsion DGasturbinepropulsion答案B 对于柴电推进，发动机不必与减速箱或螺旋桨轴对中。36. Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainly because _.A. they have a high mechanical efficiency B. they have a high thermal efficiencyC. they are more reliable D. they are good looking答案B 船舶上柴油机取代蒸汽机作为主机主要是因其热效率高。37.Whenashipinloadedconditionfloatsatarbitrarywaterline,itsdisplacementis_totherelevantmassofwaterdisplacedbytheship.Aequal Blarger Csmaller Dequivalent答案A 以任意吃水漂浮在水面上的载货船舶，它的排水量等于船体置换掉的相应质量的水。ship in loaded condition 船舶处于有负载的状况 arbitrary 任意的 water line (船的)吃水线,水位 displacement 排水量 equal to 等于，与相等 relevant mass 相应的质量 displace 取代，置换38.Thedisplacementofashipis_tothetotalweight,alltold,oftherelevantloadedship.Alarger Bequal Csmaller Dequivalent答案B 船舶的排水量等于相应装载货物船舶的总重量。total weight 总重量, all told 副词，表示总计，总共，合计，用在这里强调是载货船舶总共的质量39.Whichoneisnottrue?ATwomainareasofskillareinvolvedintheconstructionofship.BTherearedistinctdivisionsinresponsibilitiesbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineers.CEachshipwillassumevaryingproportionsaccordingtoitstype.DShipscanbedividedintodifferentcategoriesfromdifferentperspectives.答案 B 哪句话不正确？造船工程师与轮机员在职责上处于截然不同的区域。（应该是在一些范围内有所重叠） distinct divisions 截然不同的区域 naval architect 造船工程师，验船师 marine engineer 轮机员40.Whyagearboxisneededinashipdrivenbyamedium-speeddieselengine?AToreducethemainenginespeed BToincreasethemainenginespeedCTogovernthemainenginespeed DTofixthepropellershaft答案D 为什么中速柴油机驱动的船舶需要齿轮箱？为了安装固定螺旋桨轴。（即螺旋桨轴不是直接由主机带动的，而是连接到齿轮箱的） gearbox 齿轮箱 fix 固定，安装，修理 propeller shaft 螺旋桨轴41.Apropeller,inordertooperateefficiently,mustrotateatarelatively_speed.Ahigh Blow Cfast Dlowly答案B 螺旋桨，为了更有效率的工作，必须以相对较低的速度旋转。in order to 为了efficiently 有效率地 relatively 相关的，相对的IV. Reading comprehension:The diesel engine is a form of internal combustion engine similar to that used in a bus. Its power is expressed as brake horsepower (bhp). This is the power put out by the engine. Effective horsepower is the power developed by the piston in the cylinder, but some of this is lost by friction within the engine. The power output of a modern marine diesel engine is about 40.000 brake horsepower. This is now expressed in kilowatts. By comparison the engine of a small family car has an output of about 80bhp. Large diesel engines, which have cylinders nearly 3 ft in diameter, turn at the relatively slow speed of about 108rpm. These are known as slow-speed diesel engines. They can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing. Although higher power could be produced by higher revolutions, this would reduce the efficiency of the propeller, because the propeller is more efficient the larger it is and the slower it turns. These large slow running engines are used in the larger merchant ships, particularly in tankers and bulk carriers. The main reason is their low fuel consumption. More and more of the larger merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines. These operate between 150 and 450 rpm, therefore they are connected to the propeller by gearing. This type of engine was once restricted to smaller cargo ships, but now they are used in fast cargo liners as well as in tankers and bulk carriers. They are cheaper than slow-speed diesel engines, and their smaller size and weight can result in a smaller, cheaper ship.1. Why do larger merchant vessels use slow-speed diesel engines?A. Because they turn at about 108 rpm. B. Because their propellers are more efficient.C. Because they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing.D. Because they are fuel-saving.2. According to the authors standpoint, what does the efficiency of slow-speed diesel engine propellers depend on?A. Propeller power B. Both propeller size and revolutionsC. Propeller size D. Propeller revolutions3. Why do medium-speed diesel engines have gearing?A. In view of propeller efficiency B. In view of engine revolutionC. In view of fuel consumption D. In view of merchant ship size4. What is probably the main reason why medium-speed diesel engines were once restricted to smaller cargo ships?A. They are cheaper than slow-speed diesel engines.B. The fuel consumption of the medium speed engine is more than that of the slow speed engine.C. They operate between 150 and 450 rpm.D. Smaller cargo ships require more efficient propellers.答案DBABLesson 2 How Does A Marine Diesel Engine Work1. Translate the following phrases into Chinese:1. a diesel engine 2. a marine diesel engine3. international combustion engine 4. combustion chamber5. a charge of fresh air 6. the fine spray of fuel7. do work on the crankshaft 8. a four-stroke diesel engine9. suction, compression, expansion and exhaust10. bottom dead center 11. air inlet port12. scavenge port 13.exhaust port14. top dead centre 15. reduction gearboxII. Translate the following sentences into English:1. The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot, high pressure air in combustion chamber.2. The burning of the fuel adds more heat to the air charge, causing it to expand and force the engine piston to do work on the crankshaft which in turn drives the ships propeller.3. Pressurized fresh air charges into the cylinder, blowing out any residual exhaust gases from the last stroke through the exhaust ports.III. Multiple choices:1. Medium speed engines have a _ power to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes, but due to the higher speeds tend to have _ maintenance intervals. A. higher/reduced B. higher/increased C. lower/reduced D. lower/increased 答案A 中速机与低速二冲程机相比有较高的功率/重量比，但也因其高速使得维修间隔缩短。 2. Critical speeds occurring within the operating speed range