职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷模拟22.doc

全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题(四)第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. The ability to react to environmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms. A. reject B. repeat C. return to D. respond to 2. All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common. A. as a result of B. considering C. cognizant of D. whatever 3. After Emily Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six, she wrote more than one thousand poems. A. received praise from B. withdrew from C. rebelled against D. traveled around 4. Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calculator.” A. fascinated by B. articulate about C. proficient in D. suspicious of 5. Didnt you know that the naughty girl used to skip classes? A. attend classes in time B. miss classes C. cheat in classes D. be unhappy about classes 6. Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifesto. A. evaluated B. detailed C. supported D. mentioned 7. The megaphone makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions. A. slithering B. radiating C. interfering D. murmuring 8. The exploits of the legendary miner, John Henry, have come to symbolize the manual laborers stand against mechanization. A. contrast with B. interaction with C. ignorance of D. defiance of 9. In arithmetic, a number stands for the size of a set of things. A. measures B. estimates C. cancels D. represents 10. Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol. A. mix with B. do well on C. exist in D. float on 11. Why do you want to throw away those books? A. imitate B. discuss C. extract D. discard 12. The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention. A. relied upon B. hindered C. linked with D. imitated 13. Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals. A. as many as B. more than C. fewer than D. at least 14. Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption. A. introduced B. caused C. used D. upset 15. The Spanish, French, Dutch, and English all vied for North American territory. A. arrived on B. competed for C. disposed of D. sailed for第二部分；阅读判断 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。Television Is Doing Irrearable Harm “Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?” How often we hear statements like this! Television hasnt been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it, Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events, We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the “goggle box”. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesnt interfere with the programme. The monster demands absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced. Whole generation are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost, The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living room and turning on the set. It doesnt mater that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism(性虐狂)and violenceso long as they are quiet. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world, Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work, That is why most of the programmes are so bad : it is impossible to keep pace with the demand maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programme, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate communities (有文字之前的时期). We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken work. Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchair watching others working. Little by little “television” cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself, Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization, In quiet natural surroundings we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic (催眠)tyranny of King Telly. 16. This article is about the disadvantages of television. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. We often go outside for our amusements now. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. We rush home to be in time for a programme. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. “The one-eyed monster” refers to the TV set. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. One harm of telly is to consume quantities of creative work. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. This article implies that all the TV sets in the world should be destroyed. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Watching too much TV may not only results in the laziness but also the low ability to do things. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Screen Test 1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 eases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cancer screening. 7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.” 23. Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 4 _ 26. Paragraph 5 _ A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investing the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Treatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers 27. Early discovery of breast cancer may_. 28. Advantages of screening women under 50 are_. 29. Delaying the age at which screening starts may_. 30. Radiation exposure should be_. A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum第四部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第一篇 Human and Life If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.” If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen of their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off the cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and under statements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 31. To make your humor work, you should_. A. take advantage of different kinds of audience B. make fun of the disorganized people C. address different problems to different people D. show sympathy for your listeners 32. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are_. A. impolite to new arrivals B. very conscious of their godlike role C. entitled to some privileges D. very busy even during lunch hours 33. It can be inferred from the text that public service_. A. have benefited many people B. are the focus of public attention C. are an inappropriate subject for humor D. have often been the laughing stock 34. To achieve the desired result, humorous stones should be delivered_. A. in well-worded language B. as awkwardly as possible C. in exaggerated statements D. as casually as possible 35. The best title for the text may be_. A. Use Humor Effectively B. Various Kinds of Humor C. Add Humor to Speech D. Different Humor Strategies 第二篇 Human Ingenuity Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come Close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.” Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complicatedthan previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a ma chine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 36. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in_. A. the use of machines to produce science fiction B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work D. the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 37. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means_. A. programs B. experts C. devices D. creatures 38. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can_. A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery B. interact with human beings verbally C. have a little common sense D. respond independently to a changing world 39. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_. A. make a few decisions for themselves B. deal with some errors with human intervention C. improve factory environments D. cultivate human creativity 40. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_. A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information D. best used in a controlled environment 第三篇 The Rising Oil Price Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price