当非谓语用作名词学案.docx

第十讲 非谓语用作名词适用学科英语适用年级高一升高二适用区域榆林校区课时时长（分钟）60知识点动词不定式和动词ing形式做主语、宾语的用法。学习目标掌握动词不定式和动词ing形式用作名词时做主语和宾语的用法。学习重点对于相关考点和句型的把握和理解。学习难点对带不定式或动词ing的动词的区分和把握。学习过程一、复习预习复习上节内容，并进入本节课程内容的学习。二、知识讲解考点/易错点1：不定式做主语1不定式(短语)常可用作主语，如To see is to believe眼见为实。To act like that is foolish这样做是愚蠢的。2.但在很多情况下，我们都把不定式往后移，前面用先行词it作形式上的主语，这样句子结构会显得更平稳。这时谓语可以是：1）be+形容词：It isnt right to talk like that这样说是不对的。Its difficult to master English精通英语是不容易的。2）be+形容词+for引起的短语：Its hard for me to answer我很难回答。It isnt right for us to stop half way我们半途而废是不对的。3）be+形容词+of引起的短语：Its kind of you to think so much of us难得你为我们这样着想。(=you are kind to)Its good of you to come to meet us非常感谢你们来接我们。4)be+名词：Its our duty to do that这样做是我们的职责。Its a mistake not to help them不帮助他们是错误的。5)其他形式的谓语：How long does it take to get there?到那里需要多少时间?How much did it cost you to send the package?寄这包裹花了多少钱?l it is +adj+for/of sb to do sth(做某件事对于某人来说是怎么样的)（用for表示adj修饰to do sth.常用的形容词有important,possible,impossible,necessary,interesting等;用of表示adj修饰sb.常用形容词有kind,nice,stupid,foolish,clever等）。考点/易错点2：动词ing形式做主语 作主语的动词-ing形式具有名词的特征，有时又称为动名词。动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数；当作主语的-ing短语太长时，常用it作形式主语，而把-ing短语置于句子后部。例如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Learning new words is very useful to me. 学习生词对我很有用。Its a waste of money buying such things you dont really need. 买这种你实际上并不需要的东西是浪费金钱。注意：在下列句式中常用动词-ing短语作主语。It is no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/nice/a waste of time + doing. 如：Its no use talking like this. 像这样谈话没有用处。Its senseless behaving like that. 那样的行为没有意义。 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如： To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。 考点/易错点3:不定式和动词ing形式作宾语：1, 以下动词只跟to do作宾语。afford, agree, aim, choose, dare, decide, refuse, desire, determine, fail（未能做某事）, offer,（主动做某事）expect, hope, wish, manage（设法成功做某事）, plan, pretend, promise, seek, tend（往往会做某事）, threaten（威胁做某事） seem, happen（碰巧做某事）, wish, long(渴望做某事), intend（打算做某事）,等。2， 以下动词只跟ing形式做宾语。finish, mind, suggest, keep, enjoy, practice, consider, excuse, miss, escape,allow, permit, imagine, risk, delay, forbid, appreciate, understand动词短语：give up, insist on, look forward to, it is (no )good (use, harm), object to（反对），get down to, devote oneself to, spenddoing, prevent(from),wastedoing, have (no) difficulty (in) doing, stick to ,keepfrom,stopfrom，feel like.cant stand.to后接动词时，to是不定式符号，应该接原形动词，to是介词应要接动名词。这一点一定要判断清楚。在“get down to开始做；look forward to盼望；stick to坚持做；lead to导致；devote oneself to=to be devoted to 献身于；pay attention to 注意；object to 反对做 ”中，to都是介词，其后面应该接动名词。3 以下八个单词或短语可跟to do和ing,但意义不同： stop to do/stop doing 停下来做/ 停止做. remember to do/remember doing 记住要去做/ 记得曾做过 forget to do/forget doing 忘记去做/ 忘记曾做过 try to do/try doing 努力（尽力）做/ 试着做 regret to do/regret doing 遗憾地去做/ 后悔做过 mean to do/mean doing 打算做/ 意味着做 cant help to do/cant help doing 不能帮助做某事/忍不住做某事 go on to do/go on doing 接着做另一件事/ 接着做未做完的同一事例如: Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。 I dont remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。 I regret saying what I said. I shouldnt have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。 I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶测试。 The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。 After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 4 讨论完经济，部长接着谈论外交政策。on/upon doing/n 表示“一.就.” 5. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。例如： I dont think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。 I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。 6. 疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如： I dont know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。 Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗？ 考点/易错点3:不定式和动词ing形式的被动语态：请看两道高考试题：1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen分析：remain 后接to do sth.作表语， see 与主语从句是动宾关系，所以要用to be seen，故答案为B。2. The discovery of new evidence led to _. （上海2003） A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught分析：lead to 中的to 是介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语。“小偷被抓”应用动词-ing的被动形式being caught，所以选C。不定式和动词-ing形式的被动语态是历年高考考查的重点和难点。下面就这两点做一简要介绍。一、不定式的被动语态 1. 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动语态。如： The meeting to be held tomorrow afternoon is of great importance. 明天下午要开的会议非常重要。再如两道选择题：(1) Little Tom would love _ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking分析：本题考查不定式在固定结构中的谓语形式。would love后一般只用动词不定式作宾语。句中主语little Tom是take的逻辑宾语，用被动形式，所以选A。(2) To go shopping on Sundays seems to my mother a rule _. A. to never break B. never to be breaking C. never to be broken D. never to have broken分析：动词不定式和前面的a rule有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用它的被动语态作定语，故选C。2. 如果句子的主语是动词不定式所表示动作的施动者，则大都采用动词不定式的主动形式来作名词的后置修饰语。如： I have a letter to write. (不用to be written) 我有一封信要写。 You need something to eat. （不用to be eaten） 你需要吃些东西。 但是，在there be 结构中，虽然常用主动语态，但是用被动语态也可以。如： There is a meeting to attend. (可用to be attended)要参加个会议。3. 当征求对方是否有事需说话人做时，不定式作定语用被动语态。如： “Would you have a letter to be typed, manager?” asked his secretary. “经理，你有信要打吗？”秘书问道。二、动词-ing形式的被动语态 当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。 1. 动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语和宾语。如： He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. 他害怕被老师责骂。（宾语） 再如下面的高考题： _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海2002) A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 分析：本句中expose与ones skin是动宾关系，根据句意，应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下，所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语，故答案为C。 2. 一些动词如need, want, require等作“需要”讲时，其后的动词-ing形式的主动语态表示被动意义,也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如： The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。 The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be repaired. 那个破窗户需要修理。 另外注意be worth及be worthy 的用法： The problem is worth discussing. The problem is worthy of being discussed. The problem is worthy to be discussed. 以上三个句子都意为“这个问题值得讨论”。三、例题精析【例题1】 【题干】1. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he 【答案与解析】C。It作形式主语，后面不定式做真正主语。【例题2】 【题干】2. It was foolish _ you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. of C. about D. from 【答案与解析】B。（用for表示adj修饰to do sth.常用的形容词有important,possible,impossible,necessary,interesting等;用of表示adj修饰sb.常用形容词有kind,nice,stupid,foolish,clever等）。【例题3】 【题干】3. She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 【答案与解析】A。pretend要跟不定式作宾语，同时对非谓语的否定not放在最前面。四、课堂运用【基础】4. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 5. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 【巩固】 6. -Was the test difficult? -Not at all. We found _ . A. it very easy for doing B. very easy to do it C. it very easy to do D. it very easy to do it 7. -Do you know Mr. Smith? -Yes. Hes a strange man. We found _ difficult to work with him. A. us B. it C. him D. you 【拔高】：8. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 9. Last summer I took a course on _ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 课程小结 非谓语动词是高中语法中最重要的一个专题。本节课主要围绕非谓语动词用作名词的时候的用法：不定式和ing形式做主语和宾语的用法进行了讲解和练习。为同学们全面掌握非谓语的用法奠定基础。同时，作为高一进入高二的学生们，对非谓语动词进行练习和掌握能够帮助他们顺利过渡到成功的高二英语学习中去。课后作业【基础】：用动词的不定式、动词ing形式填空。1. My mother told me (turn) on the lights just now.2. Chinese would like (make) friends with a lot of foreigners.3. He feels like (eat) an apple4. A lot of people likes (do) some shopping on Sundays. 5. They asked me (thank) your mother.6. Would you like (drink) tea or coffee ?7. A lot of children like (swim) , because it is good for health.8. Please ask her (arrive) to school at seven thirty tomorrow morning.9. My father was glad (see) his old friends yesterday.10. Please ask uncle Wang (mend) the TV set.【巩固】11. When the baby heard the music, he stopped (cry) at once.12. Look! There is a cow (lie) on the road.13. I am sorry (hear) the bad news 14. He wants (go) there with you.15. We will help the farmers (grow) rice next week16. It is time (begin) our lessons now.17. Lots of children enjoys (listen) to music.18. Could you tell me if you like (sing) English songs?19. I would love (go) fishing in the lake.20. It took him one hour (finish) his homework.【拔高】1. What is the way Lao Wang thought of _ enough money to buy the house?A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got2. Without fact, we cant form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge _ our thinking.A. which to be based on B. which to base on C. on which to base D. which to base3. Tom pretended _ it but in fact, he knew it very well.A. not listen to B. not to hear from C. not to have heard about D. not to be listening to4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen5. Hearing his words, I couldnt decide _ or remain.A. whether to go abroad B. if I go abroad C. if to go abroad D. to go abroad6. Lilys mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again.A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found7. - Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? - Im doing this exercise now so that I wont have _ on Sunday.A. for B. them C. it D. to8. I did nothing all day but _ to my friend who I havent seen for almost a year.A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing9. Would you please _ leave the door open? Its too cold here.A. not B. not to C. to not D. dont10. -I hear that you and your parents are going to spend your summer vocation in Beijing. - Yes, were planning _.A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it11. I dont think it wise _ the hard work that they have refused to do.A. for you to take on B. of you to take on C. for you taking on D. of you taking on12. My father promised to give some money and _ anything I want to.A. to allow me to buy B. allow me to buyC. promised to allow me to buy D. that I would ask them to buy13. He spoke English slowly and clearly in