完整名词性从句.doc

名词性从句高考焦点指南在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四 种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 一、 主语从句 在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。That English is difficult is not my idea.有人认为英语很难，我可不认为 That the world is round is a fact.That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen。Whoever breaks the law should be punished。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： .（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame,a fact， no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) thatIt seems，happen，etc，thatIt is obvious that he doesnt understand English. It is a fact that the world is round It is common knowledge that the moon itself does not give off light. 二、 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？ 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：I know (that) he will study English next year.当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5.It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如： We think it possible that the price will rise. find / make / see / hear / feel / think + it + adj. / n. + that 句型中, it 作形式宾语, that引导真正的宾语从句, 不能省; 三. 表语从句 在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，可接表语从句的系动词有（be，look，seem，etc），有时用as if引导。不用if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，（1）当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning（2），表示“建议，劝告，命令”含义的名词后表语从句中，谓语动词要用“should +do”，should可以省略。此类词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal等。My suggestion is that we should start early tomorrow。 四、同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 1) The news that they had won the battle soon spread over the whole country. ( 同位语从句)2) The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. (定语从句) I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother. (that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明， that在其中不充当具体的句子成分) I wont believe the fact (that) he told me. (that引导定语从句对fact进行限定， that在该从句中充当宾语) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(that引导同位语从句对news的具体内容进行说明， that在其中不充当具体的句子成分) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news，第二个that引导表语从句)The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句） 五、注意几组易混连词的使用1) what与thatthat引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。而且引导名词性从句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。例如：That he will succeed is obvious. (引导主语从句的that不在其中充当具体的句子成分)What she told me is not true. (what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语)_ he said is true.A. What B. ThatC. Which D. Whether2）肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的宾语从句，否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的宾语从句，例如：I doubt whether its true. I doubt if that was what he wanted. I dont doubt that you are honest. 专项考点练习1. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says2. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 3. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how 4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D. which 5. _ is no possibility _ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where 7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown 8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along9. _surprised me most was _such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what10. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever11. _ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person 12. Eat _ you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever 13. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 14. It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what 15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _to the front.A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go16. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _.A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off18. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there 19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 20. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excitedKeys: 1-5 A A ABA 6-10 CDABA 11-15 CCAA C 16-20 BAACB【Exercises】：1. These photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like (89) 2.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B.where did Alice put C. where Alice has put D.where has Alice put (90) 3. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B.what will man look like C. man will look like what D.what look will man like (91) 4.-We havent heard from Jane a long time. -What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. has happened Cto happen D. having happened (91) 5.Go and get your coat. Its _you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there (92) 6._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That (92) 7._ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A.What B.That C.That fact D.The matter (93) 8.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do . He came by car. A.how B.when C.that D.it (94) 9._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A.What , what B.What , that C.That , that D.That , what (95) 11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is (97) 12. Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember _. A.where B.there C.which D.that (98) 13.Why do you want a new job_youve got such a good one already? A.that B.where C.which D.when (98) 16I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where (99) 17. You should make it a rule to leave thingsyou can find them again A.when B.where C.then D.there (99) 18. Well have to finish the job. A. long it takes however B. it takes howewer long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes (99) 19. _she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer studnets showed interest in her lesson. A.What,why B.That,what C.What , because D.Why , that (2000) 20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is (2000) KEYS: 1-5 BCABB 6-10CAAAB 11-15 DCDBA 16-20 ABDAD 40道名词性从句练习题1. _they have won the game made us excited.A./ B.That C.What D.Where2. _I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.A.If B.WhetherC.Even ifD.When3. _he says in his report is a very interesting question.A.What all B.All what C.What D.What that4. When they will start_not been decided.A.haveB.is C.does D.has5. _certain that his invention will lead to the development ofproduction.A.That is B.This isC.It isD.It has6. _is unknown to us all.A.Where did she put it B.Where she put itC.That where she put itD.In which she put it7. _nothing to do with us.A.What she did have B.What she did isC.What did he do has D.What she has done has8. The trouble is_we are short of hands.A.whatB.thatC.how D.which9. Energy is_makes things work.A.whatB.everythingC.something D.that10. My hometown is not_it used to_ten years ago.A.when, doB.what, doC.what, be D.when, be11. The reason_I have to go is _my mother is ill in bed.A.why, whyB.why, becauseC.why, that D.that, because12. The thought_he might fail in the exam worried him.A.which B.thatC.whenD.so that13. That is_ I lost my pen.A.whenB.where C.thatD.what14. Have you any idea_?A.how fast does light travelB.how quick light travelsC.how soon light travelsD.how fast light travels15.His suggestion_to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A.that we goB.which we should go C.that we would goD.we would go16.He was interested in_he had seen at the exhibition.A.which B.thatC.all what D.all that17.He often thinks of_he can do more for his country.A.what B.how C.that D.which18.He made_quite clear that he wouldnt change his mind.A.thisB.thatC.it D.what19.I dont know_.A.what was the matter outsideB.what the matter outside wasC.what was outside the matterD.what was happened outside20.He has come , but I didnt know that he_until yesterday.A.is coming B.will comeC.was coming D.wasnt coming21.He ran back into the room to see if he_anything behind.A.has forgottenB.had forgottenC.has left D.had left22.They want to know_do to help us.A.what can theyB.what they canC.how they canD.how can they23.Do you know_brighter than the moon?A.why the sun look B.why the sun looksC.why does the sun lookD.why is the sun look24.Can you tell me_the railway station?A.how I can get toB.where I can get toC.how can I get toD.where can I get to25.These photographs will show you_.A.what does our village look likeB.what our village looks likeC.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like26.Can you make sure_the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put27.No one can be sure_in a million yearsA.what man will look likeB.what will man look likeC.man will look like whatD.what look will man like28.He asked_for the violin.A.did I pay how muchB.I paid how muchC.how much did I payD.how much I paid29.I remember_this used to be quiet villageA.when B.how C.where D.what30.-Do you remember_he came? -Yes, I do, he came by car.A.how B.when C.that D.if31._the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A.Whenever B.If C.WhetherD.That32.It worried her a big_her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for33._he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter34.They have to no idea at all_.A.where he has gone B.where did he goC.which place has he gone D.how busy we were35.You have no idea_those days.A.that we were how busy B.how busy were we C.that how we were busy D.how busy we were36.I dont know_.A.what was the matter outsideB.what the matter outside wasC.what was outside the matterD.what was happened outside37.You can leave the note_you meet in my office. A.who B.whoeverC.to who D.with whomever38._a computer works is a question that_can understand. A.What;noneB.How;no oneC.What;nobodyD.How; not everyone39.Go and get your coat.Its_you left it. A.thereB.whereC.there whereD.where there40.It worried a bit_her hair was turning grey. A.while B.that C.if D.for答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A10.C 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.