英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时构成及用法.docx

现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense ）1.现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由“助动词 have ( has)+过去分词”构成。下面以动词 finish 为例，将现在完成时的肯定式，否定式和疑问式以及简略答语列表如下：肯定式否定式I/You have finished.He /She /It has finished.We/You /They have finished.I/You have not finished.He /She /It has not finished.We/You /They have not finished疑问式和简略回答Have I /you finished?Has he/she/it finished?Have we /you /they finished?Yes, you/ I have.Yes, he /she it has.Yes, you /we/they have .No, you/ I have not.No, he /she it has not.No, you /we/they have not注）have not 常简略为 havent ,has not 常简略为 hasnt .2.现在完成时的用法用法例句时间状语表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Have you had your lunch yet?-Yes, I have .Ive just had it. (现在我不饿了)-Have you read Little Women yet?-No, I havent .（我对该书不了解）already, yet, ever , just, never , before, so far ,in the last /past +时间某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。I havent seen her these days .Ive known Bob for these years.Ive been at this school for over two years.They have lived here since 1996.How long have you worked in this library?She has taught us since I came to this school .for ten yearssince 1996since +一般过去时从句have（has）been to 意为“曾经到过某地”,（现在已经回来了），常与表示次数的副词连用。have(has) gone to 意为“去了某地”，表示说话时某人已不在现场，可能在去的途中，也可能已经到达目的地。have(has) been in 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，后面常接表示“时间段”的状语。She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海。（她已不在上海了）She has gone to Shanghai.她到上海去了。（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之，现在不在这里。）She has been in Shanghai for two years.她去上海两年了。注：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。例如：I havent bought anything for two months.3.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。例如： I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）I saw the film last week.我上个星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。）练习一。选择 1._you _ him before ?No，not yet。A. Have ; met B. Did ;meet C. Do; meet D. Were ; meeting2.Lets go shopping ,Lily ! Have you finished your homework _?No, not _.A. just; yet B. ever ; already C. yet; yet D. ever; just 3.Lily ,why are you still here ? School is over for half an hour.Because I _ my task yet. I still need one more hour A. wont finish B. dont finish C. havent finished D. hadnt finished 4.Id like to introduce my best friend to you ,Peter.Thank you, Lucy. But we _ already.A. meet B .met C. will meet D. have met 5.Have you finished your work _?Yes, I have. Ive _ finished it .A. yet; already B. already ; yet C. already; already D. yet ; yet 6.Have you found your IPod?_.A. No, you have B. Not yet C. Yes, I do D. Yes, I found 7.Lucys never been to Beijing , _ she ?A. is B. isnt C. has D. hasnt 8.Mary _ yet. Im waiting for her .A. came back B .has come back C. hasnt come back D. was coming back 9._ you _ out the problem, Sam? Not yet, but Im going to .A. Did; work B. Are; working C. Have; worked D. Will; work 10._you _ a pen on the desk ? Yes, but Miss Liu _it away just now.A. Have; seen; has taken B .Have; seen ;took C. Have; see; took D. Do ; see; has taken 11.Have you cooked supper _? Yes, I have _ finished it .A. yet ; just B. yet; ever C. already; yet D. already ;just 12.Mr.Wnag isnt here ,I think he _ Shanghai.A. went B has been to C. has gone to 13.Hello! Could I speak to Lily/Sorry ,she is not in .She _ Shanghai.A. have been to B. have gone to C. has been to D. has gone to 14.Neither my sister nor I _ been to America before.A. have ever B. have never C. has ever D. has never15.He _ to Beijing many times.A. have been B . has been C. have gone D. has gone 16.Have you ever left your keys in your house? No, _.A. ever B . already C. yet D. never 17.Mr.Green _ China for ten years.A. has been to B .has been in C. has come to D . has gone to 18.He _ the English Chinese dictionary for about ten years ,but it is still new . What a careful man!A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has had D. bought 19.In the last ten years changes _ place in my hometown.A. took B . had taken C. have taken D. take20.Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A. was ;studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are; studying 21.Hurry up ! The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. begun 22.How long have you _ China?For three years .A. come back B. returned C. left D. been away from 23.Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?No ,I _ it for two years.A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 24.You are leaving your school .How do you like it？Very much, of course .I _this school since I moved here .A. have gone to B. came to C. have been to D. have been at 25.Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.Oh, not at all. I _ here for only a few minutes.A. have arrived B have been C. arrived D was 26.Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?Sorry. He _ Beijing .A. has been to B . has gone to C. has been in D. will go to 27.H e _ in this factory for 20 years already.A. will work B. works C. has worked D is working 28.I wonder when you _ the new watch.Well, I _ it for two weeks.A. have bought; have had B. bought; have bought C. bought; have had D. have bought; have bought 29.The Browns_ Water World twice.A. went to B. has been to C. have been to D . have been in 30.Tom _ Mary in 1998.That is to say ,they _ for 15 years.A .got married with; have got married B. got married to ; have married C. married; have been married D. married to ; have been married 31.Im sorry .I _ your printer for such a long time .Never mind.A. have borrowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have bought 32.What a nice bike ! How long _you _ it ?Just two weeks .A. have ;bought B. did ; buy C. have ; had D. are; having 33._you ever_ Chinese moon-cakes, Diana?No, never .But I have had noodles.A. Do; try B. Will; try C. Did ;try D. Have ; tried34._ has your brother studied in New York?For two years.A. How far B. How old C. How often D. How long 35.When _ your mother _ you that blue dress,Mary?Sorry ,I really cant remember.A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did ; buy 36._ has your uncle been to Canada ?Only twice .A. How many times B. How often C.How long D.How far 37.How beautiful your skirt is! Is it new?No，I have _ it for two months.A. borrowed B. bought C. had D got 38.How long have you collected shells?_.A. After I left school B. Before I moved here C. When I went to the beach D. Since I was ten years old 39.What are you going to do this weekend ?I _ yet.A. havent decide B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 40.Great changes _ in our city since 1980.A. took place B. have taken place C. happened D. have happened 41.I have never been to American Computer Museum .What about you ?_ .A. So do I B. So have I C. Neither do I D. Neither have I 42.He _ the house ,and you can put your things in it .A. cleaning B. cleaning out C. cleaned D . has cleaned out 43.Tom has never _Australia. But his parents have _ there twice.A. been to ; been to B . been ; gone C. been to ; been D. gone ;gone 二。翻译1.你读过小妇人吗？不，我没有。_ you _ Little Women yet ?No I havent . 2.我已经读完它了！Ive _ _ _ it !3. 我已经砍倒了树木，建造了房子。I _ _ _ _ trees and built a house.4.从那时起，她就成了美国乡村音乐的一名狂热爱好者。Ever _ _ ,she has been a fan of American country music .5.“你学汉语多长时间了？”“一年了”How long _ you _Chinese ?For a year .6.你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？ 是的，我去过。_ you ever _ _ a science museum?Yes, _ _ .7.我从来没有野营过。Ive _ _ _ .8.他曾经看过这部电影。He _ _ _ the film.9.埃米已经长大了，她不再是个孩子了。Amy already and she is no longer a child.10.到目前为止，比赛已经持续6天了。So far ,the match _ for 6 days.11.在老师的帮助下，Tom在英语方面取得了进步。Tom in English with the teachers help.12.他在北京待了三年。He Beijing for three years.13.三年前他去北京了。He Beijing three years ago.14.自从三年前他就去了北京。He Beijing since three years ago .15.我已经核对了所有的数字，都是正确的。I all the figures and they are correct.16.你来这个学校已有两年多了吗？more than two years since you come to this school ?三。填空AMostly， take , homeland ,abroad, live ,appear, search, someday , die , poemDo you have any family members or friends who live _1_?Now many people come to China to look for the roots of their families. They _2_come from the United States, Canada, England and Germany. Mrs. Sun is a Chinese woman, and she _3_ abroad for fifty years. Her father _4_ when Mrs. Sun was only seven years old .Her uncle _5_her to America and she has lived abroad ever since.Now she is a famous singer in America .Every time she _6_in public, thousands of her fans never miss the chance to see her .She is also a poet and her _7_ moved a lot of people .She often says her is in _8_ of her ancestors roots. She has never forgotten her _9_ .She hopes that she will be able to go back to her hometown _10_ ,and she will go to her fathers grave.1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._Bclean ,interest, fly ,true, or, besides, travel, make, have ,saveDu Ming going to Singapore with his parents this Friday. They _1_never been to a foreign country before. They plan to stay in Singapore for a week . “_2_ to Singapore have always been a dream for me,” Du Ming said a reporter. ”Now it will come _3_.” “How will you go to Singapore, by plane _4_ by ship ?” “By ship. Travelling by ship much _5_,I think.” “But it is not as fast as travelling by plane.” “Yes, but you cant see much during the _6_.Taking a ship will _7_ you happier, because you can see the waves, the islands and even big fishes.” “Will you travel at your own expense(自费)？” “Certainly. My father is a cleaner. Although he is not rich or famous, Im proud of him. H