英语国家概况教案Lesson.doc

南 京 交 通 职 业 技 术 学 院教 案 教 师 姓 名尹亮宇授课班级112071/2015112031/2032授课形式讲授授 课 日 期 年 月 日 第 周授课时数80minutes授课章节名称Unit Two History A Brief History of the USA 教 学 目 的Acquires a general idea about the history of the USA.Learn about the major stages and important figures in American history.Find out the influence of American history on other English-speaking countries.教 学 重 点The War of Independence （美国独立战争）Territorial Expansion （领土扩张）The Civil War （南北战争） Rapid Growth of Economy （ 经济的飞速增长） 教 学 难 点English Colonial America (1067-1776) Forming of the USA (1776-1849) The Civil War (1861-1865) 更新、补充、删节内容补充： Case study 删除： 补充阅读 使 用 教 具多媒体教室课 外 作 业1. Memorize the words and phrases. 2. P.54 I. 3. Supplementary Reading.课 后 体 会授 课 主 要 内 容IRevision: (10)1. Revise the content of Lesson3.2. Oral homework： Whats your impression of the USA ? (可以适当的用中文) II. New Lesson: (60) Part I. Word Box（省略）Part II. Text1 Pre-Colonial America： Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Continent. Amerigo Vespucci, another navigator proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.（详细） 2 English Colonial America (1067-1776)： By 1750, nealry 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in serach of religious freedom The most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship, which carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth in 1620, built the Plymouth colony.（详细）3 Forming of the USA (1776-1849)The War of Independence（概述）4 Territorial expansion （概述）5 The Civil War (18611865) （概述）6 Rapid Growth of Economy (18651918)（概述）7 Post-World War I and Great Depression (19181940)（略详）8 World War II (1939-1945)（概述）III. Consolidation: (9)（回顾本课所学内容，讨论并拓宽思维）Discuss the following questions in groups and make an oral report to the class.1. How was the United States of America founded? How did the USA become the richest country in the world? What are the reasons of the fall of the UK and the rise of the USA? 2. Case Study The Special Relationship Between the UK and the USA3. Military cooperation -The unparalleled level of military co-operation began with the creation of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in December 1941, a military command with authority over all American and British operations. This cooperation has increased steadily since the early 1950s when military contacts were re-established .IV. Homework: (1) Supplementary Reading.4. P.59 I说明：教师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后Unit 2 HistoryLesson 4 A Brief History of the USAIRevision: Oral homework： Whats your impression of the USA ? (可以适当的用中文) 参考资料Mount Rashmore Mount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, with 60-foot (18m) sculptures of the heads of former United States presidents (left to right): George Washington (17321799), Thomas Jefferson (17431826), Theodore Roosevelt (18581919), and Abraham Lincoln (18091865).Abraham LincolnThe 16th President of the United States, who guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national history-the Civil War.US Coat of ArmsThe Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government. The Great Seal was first used publicly in 1782.The design on the obverse of the great seal is the national coat of arms of the United States. It is officially used on documents such as United States passports, military insignia, embassy placards, and various flags.Franklin RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, and has been ranked as one of the three greatest US presidents in scholarly surveys.II. New Lesson: Part I. Word BoxPart II. TextPre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the USA by referring to the following chart. Historic PeriodsTimeMajor IncidentsEnglish Colonial America14931776the voyage of the Mayflower Shipthe immigration of the PuritansForming of the USA17761849Boston Tea PartyWar of IndependenceCivil War18611865Issue of Emancipation Proclamationliberation of black slavesRapid Growth of Economy18651940World War I;the Great DepressionWorld War II19391945The attack on Pearl HarborThe set-up of the United Nations (1). Pre-Colonial America1. Who first came to America and how did they come there? (People migrated from Asia via Bering Land Bridge some 2000 years ago.They are called Native Americans.)2. Who was the first European to set foot on the new world? Why did he name the local people Indians?(Christopher Columbus came to Puerto Rico in 1492 and named the local people Indians)3. Who proved that the land was not India?(Amerigo Vespucci proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.)The present-day United States was originally populated by people migrating from Asia via the Bering land bridge（白令海峡大陆桥）starting some 20,000 years ago. These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas before the arrival of European explorers and who are now called Native Americans.Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Continent. Amerigo Vespucci（亚美瑞格.韦斯普奇）, another navigator（航海家）proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.(2). English Colonial America (1067-1776)1. Where was the first colony founded?2. How many colonies did the British establish along the east coast of North America?3. Why did puritans leave their own countries?4. How did they establish the Plymouth colony?The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown(詹姆士镇), Virginia in 1607. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.By 1750, nearly 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in search of religious freedomThe most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship, which carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth(普利茅斯) in 1620, built the Plymouth colony. From 1630 to 1643, the great Puritan migration brought about 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.北美洲原为印第安人聚居地。15世纪末，西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等国开始向北美洲移民。1606年英国在北美建起第一个城市詹姆斯，后发展为弗吉尼亚殖民地。 17世纪和 18 世纪上半叶 ，英国殖民者先后在东起大西洋沿 岸，西至阿巴拉契亚山脉之间建立了 13 个殖民地，残暴屠杀当地印第安人，并从非洲掠来大批黑人充当奴隶。 (3). Forming of the USA (1776-1849) (The War of Independence)1. What is the prelude of the War of Independence and how did it happen?2. What is the process of the war? In 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia and Colonial militia units were organized. The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 started the War of Independence A Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington were founded. Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized the Independence of the United States of America. 3. What is the main characteristic of the constitution of the USA? 4. How did the USA realize its territorial expansion?The prelude -With the rapid economic development, people of the 13 colonies desired more power to determine their own business, while the British government wanted to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.-In order to help the British East India Company out of difficulty, the British government allowed the company to sell tea at a lower price in the colonies through its own people. -This took away the tea business from American tea merchants. This unfair treatment led to the famous Boston Tea Party（波士顿倾茶事件）in 1773 which was considered as the prelude of the War of Independence.The War of Independence-In September 1774, the First Continental Congress（第一届大陆会议）was held in Philadelphia, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. Colonial militia units（民兵部队）were organized. -The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 started the War of Independence.Three weeks later, at the Second Continental Congress the delegates agreed to support the war. A Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington were founded. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia drafted the Declaration of Independence which was adopted on July 4, 1776. In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized the Independence of the United States of America.United States ConstitutionThe new United States Constitution favored a representative, elective government to replace the existing monarchical structures. The system of republicanism placed a primacy upon individual liberty and upon constraining the power of government through division of powers and a system of checks and balances. George Washington became the first President of the United States.1775年，波士顿人民武装起义，打响了北美人民反抗英国殖民统治的独立战争的第一枪。1776年第二次大陆会议在费城召开，会议决定组成大陆军，由华盛顿任总司令，并通过独立宣言，正式宣布建立美利坚合众国。1783年美国独立战争结束，英国被迫承认美国独立。1787年通过联邦宪法，次年底举行第一次选举，华盛顿当选第一任总统。1789年联邦政府成立。18121814年第二次美、英战争后，美国完全摆脱英国的统治。Territorial expansion -It forced England to give up Old Northwest, and Spain to open the Mississippi River. 美国人适使英国放弃了旧西北地区.，使西班牙开放密西西比河，-It bought Louisiana from Napoleon, which almost doubled its territory.-After the War with Mexico, Mexico was forced to give up California and New Mexico-In 1830, the Indian Removal Act authorized the president to negotiate treaties that exchanged Indian tribal lands in the eastern states for lands west of the Mississippi River. -From 1789 to 1849, the territory of the United States was greatly enlarged.19世纪初，随着资本主义的迅速发展，美国统治阶级开始对外扩张。1803年美国利用拿破仑在海地战败之机，购买了法国在北美的殖民地路易斯安那。1812 年美国向西扩展，侵占印第安人土地。1818 年和 1819 年，美国分别向英国和西班牙购买了北达科他州的部分土地和佛罗里达。1845年侵占了墨西哥的得克萨斯。翌年，美国以边界事件为借口，向墨西哥宣战，墨西哥被迫1848年将其北部230 万平方千米的土地( 即今加利福尼亚、亚利桑那、内华达、犹他 、新墨西哥、科罗拉多等州)出售给美国。19世纪中后期 ，美国又将其侵略扩张伸向海外。1867年美国用720 万美元向沙俄购买了阿拉斯加和阿留申群岛 。1898 年兼并夏威夷，又通过对西班牙的战争控制了古巴，并夺取了西属波多黎各、关岛和菲律宾。1903 年占领了中途岛，霸占了巴拿马运河。1917年迫使丹麦“出让”维尔京群岛。在1776年后的100余年内，美国领土几乎扩张了10倍。 (4). The Civil War (18611865)1. What caused the Civil War? 2. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, what did the Southern states do? 3. How did Lincoln lead the Union gaining the victory of the war?In the middle of the 19th century, white Americans of the North and South were unable to reconcile fundamental differences in their approach to government, economics, society and African American slavery.When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern states broke away and established a rebel government, the Confederate States of America, on February 9, 1861. The Civil War broke out on April 12, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln won support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. He issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation.Thus England and France stood by the Unions side, and many blacks joined the Union army. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln made another famous speech at Gettysburg. After a series of battles, the Confederate army surrendered on April 9, 1865, and five days later Lincoln was shot dead. In December, the Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution.美国北部的资本主义获得迅速发展，但南部仍保持着使用黑人奴隶劳动的农业经济。19世纪30年代初兴起美国废奴运动。1860年反对黑奴制度的共和党人.林肯当选总统。次年南 部 奴隶 主发动 叛 乱 ，南北战争爆发。 1862年9月，林肯颁布解放黑奴宣言。1865 年战争以北方获胜结束，为资本主义在全美国的发展扫清了道路。(5). Rapid Growth of Economy (18651918)1. What helped the USA grow rapidly?2. What did the Progressive Movement demand?3. What was the reform of President Theodore Roosevelt?4. Why did the USA stand neutral during the First World War?5. Why did it declare the war on Germany?After the Civil War, the United States experienced a tremendous growth in industry, agriculture, science, and technology, and population. -firstly the political environment was stable; -secondly the free slaves together with the immigrants from Europe and Asia offered a strong labor force;-Thirdly science and invention played a very important role in Americas industrial development; -By 1900, the production of steel and coal both ranked the first in the world.With the development of the economy, there also arose a number of social problems. The Progressive Movement began, demanding government regulation of the economic, social and political conditions. President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) strengthened federal regulation of the railroads and enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act against several large corporations.He also promoted conservation, with large reserves of forest land, coal, oil, mineral and water saved for future generations.During the First World War, the United Sates stood neutral in name while selling large quantities of arms and offering bank loans to Britain and France. The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. When the war ended on November 11, 1918, the US was one of the big Four (the US, Britain, France and Italy) to enjoy the interest division of the defeated countries.美国史学界一般把1900年1917年间美国所发生的政治、经济和社会改革运动统称进步运动。在性质上，进步运动是以中产阶级为主体、有社会各阶层参与的资产阶级改革运动，目的在于消除美国从 “自由”资本主义过渡到垄断资本主义所引起的种种社会弊端，重建社会价值体系和经济秩序。在内容上，进步运动同时在联邦、州和市三级展开，从政治上的争取妇女选举权、市政改革到经济领域的反托拉斯运动，从救济穷人和改善工人待遇的社会正义运动到自然资源保护，囊括社会生活的各个方面，影响深远。(6). Post-World War I and Great Depression (19181940) 1. How did the historians describe the 1920s in the US? 2. Can you describe the Great Depression in the US? 3. How did President Franklin Roosevelt help America out of the depression?Following World War I, the U.S. grew steadily in stature as an economic and military world power. It enjoyed a period of unbalanced prosperity: farm prices and wages fell while industrial profits grew. In 1932, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passed a number of acts to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system. He did successfully get America out of the depression during his tenure of office.(7). World War II (19391945)1. What was the attitude of the US during the World War II at the beginning?2. Why did the US take part in the War?3. What are the principles of the US diplomacy?As with World War I, the United States had bound the country to neutrality. Its decision to declare war followed Japans surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Four days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 11, Nazi Germany declared war on the United States.There were two guiding principles of the wartime American diplomacy: to win the war; to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.(8). American Society During Postwar Boom1. Can you describe the economic boom of the US after WWII?2. What are the cornerstones of the postwar economic boom?3. Which were related to the upsurge in births?After WWII, the United States entered a period of economic boom.-The cornerstones were the automobile, housing, and defense industries. -Economy grew at an average rate of 3.5 percent per year-Nations GNP rose from just over $200 billion in 1946 to close to $1 trillion in 1970. -From 1946 to 1961, over 63.5 million babies were born.Of the three cornerstones of the postwar economic boom, two were related to the upsurge in births. -The first was a construction boom to provide houses and schools for all these children. -the second was automobile manufacturing for the growing new communities. -The third was military spending. When the Defense Department was established in 1949, the nation spent about $13 billion a year on defense. By 1951, its budget was over $22 billion, and it has been going up ever since.Case StudyThe Special Relationship Between the UK and the USAMilitary cooperation -The unparalleled level of military co-operation began with the creation of the Combined Chief