被动语态 (2).doc

M4U3 Grammar and usage(被动语态)第一部分：重点讲解语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。时态结构=be + 过去分词动词do为例，写出其被动语态结构一般现在时am(is/are)+过分am/is/are done一般过去时was(were) +过分一般将来时will + be+ 过分现在进行时am(is/are )+being +过分过去进行时was(were)+ being +过分过去将来时would + be+过分现在完成时have/has + been +过分过去完成时had + been +过分 情态动词情态动词can+be +过分第二部分：被动语态用法：一）It + be+动词的过去分词+that从句。常用于这一结构的动词有：say, report, expect, prove, suppose等，该结构通常可转化为“be+过去分词+不定式”。例如： It is reported that they are sailing in the Pacific.-They _ 当不定式to后的动作早于不定式to前的动作发生，不定式to后的动作应用现在完成时，表示动作的完成。2)It is said that Mr. Bell invented the first telephone.-Mr. Bell_二）情态动词的被动语态一般式：情态动词 + be+过去分词.完成式：情态动词 + have+ been+过去分词。三）被动语态的特殊情况：1. 含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。例如：We must take good care of the children.The children must be taken good care of.2. 助动词be有时可被系动词get替换，即“get+过去分词”. 3. 固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better等在变为被动句时，只需将其后的动词变为被动形式即可。例如：Newspapers used to be sent here by the little boy.4.“宾语+补语”又叫复合宾语，变被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不动，但是其变为主语补足语了。例如;Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette in the toilet.-The boy _5在使役动词have, make以及感官动词feel; listen to, hear; see, watch, notice, observe, look at等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.例如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.- A stranger _6 主动语态表示被动意义的词 连系动词（如：feel, taste, sound, smell, look等）用主动形式表示被动意义。 This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。 This apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来很好吃。 有些表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词常与一些副词连用，用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语一般为事物。这些动词有：sell, read, write, wash, wear, last等。 The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of food sells well. 这种食物很畅销。 动词need, want, require表示“需要时”，后接动名词或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。 Your room needs_ 你的房间需要打扫一下。 My house requires_ 我的房子需要修理一下。在be worth doing短语中，动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。如： This book is well worth reading 这本书很值得一读。在“主语 +be + adj +to do”这个句型中，不定式动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，则用主动形式表示被动意义。如： This question is hard to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 English is easy to learn. 英语很好学。Wont或wouldnt表示“不愿”时，后面的动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door_ 这门就是打不开。 This box _ 这个盒子就是移不动。7. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态。英语中有些动词表示某种状态或情况，这类动词不能用于被动语态。常见的有：fit, mean, have, hold, cost, contain, become, last, fail等。如：1. The flat cost him around one million RMB.第三部分：语法专项练习1. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happenedB. was happened C. is happenedD. happened2. Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow3.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used4. Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked toB. was asked toC. is askedD. asks to5. The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump6. Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after7. She _ sing last night, which annoyed her neighbors. A. was listened to B. listened C. was listened to to D. is listened8. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served9. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completed C. had been completed D. is being completed10. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded11.Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? She _ by her classmates.A. laughed B. was laughed at C. has been laughed D. has been laughed at12. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 13. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent fromB. prevented from C. be prevented fromD. to prevent from14. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided15. The pen _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to 16. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairingB. is being repaired C. will repairD. was repairing17. The chairman told the speaker that she_to speak a little louder so as to make herself_.A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard18 The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. （2004全国03）A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned19. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 20.How long _ at this job? Since 1990. (NMET 2003北京春季, 27)A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed21.What happened to the priceless works of art? _. (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them22. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cutB. are cutC. are being cutD. had been cut23. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory is closed. (NMET 2001北京春季, 12)A. loseB. will be lostC. are lost D. will lose24. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an