商务英语章节练习题.doc

各章节练习题Chapter 1一、名词解释：1.economics （P2）2.microeconomics（P2） 3. macroeconomics（P2） 4. scarcity（P2） 5.opportunity cost（P3） 6.economic goods（P5）7.economic services（P5）8. factors of production（P5） 9. natural resources（P5） 10. capital goods（P6） 11. labor（P6） 12.entrepreneurship（P7）二、词组互译：1.economics经济学 2.microeconomics微观经济学 3. macroeconomics宏观经济学 4. scarcity稀缺 5.opportunity cost机会成本 6.down payment首付 7. economic goods经济物品8.economic services经济服务 9. factors of production生产要素 10.productive capacity生产能力 11.natural resources自然资源12.capital goods资本货物 13. labor劳动力 14.entrepreneurship企业家才能 15.consumer goods消费品16. finished products成品 17.human resources人力资源 18.business failure经营失败 19.managerial skills管理技能 20.financial gains财政收益 21.earn a profit赚取利润 22.production unit生产单位 23.Economic Systems经济系统 24.national economy国民经济 25.segmented economies分割经济 26.Command Economy指令性经济27.planned economies计划经济 28.Market Economy市场经济 29.privately owned natural resources and capital goods私人拥有的自然资源和资本货物 30.purchasing power购买力 31.modern industrial economies现代工业经济32.national defence国防 33.unemployment and inflation失业和通货膨胀三、填空题：1.Economists often divide the study of economics into two separate categories: microeconomics、macroeconomics.2. There are two important components to this definition: limited resources and unlimited wants. Together they form what is known as the problem of scarcity, which is the most basic of all economic problems. 3.Economists use the term opportunity cost to refer to the next best alternative that is given up when a decision is made to use resources in a particular way. 4. Factors of production, which are also called productive resources, are the basic resources needed for the production of economic goods and services. Economists, traditionally, have divided the factors of production into three basic categories: (1) natural resources; (2)capital goods; (3)labor. In addition, many economists add a fourth factor of production, entrepreneurship, to the list.5.Land, air, water, forests, coal, iron ore, oil, and other minerals are examples of natural resources. 6.Factories, machines, tools, railroads, and business buildings are all examples of capital goods.7.The work of a janitor, teacher, lawyer, engineer, and the governor of your state are all examples of labor.8.Entrepreneurship may be defined as the function of combining and organizing natural resources, capital goods, and labor.9.Command economies are often called planned economies because the government engages in elaborate, detailed planning. 10.In traditional economies, the basic economic questions of “what”, “how” and “for whom” are answered by people involved, and the answers are usually based on tradition ;In command economies, the basic economic questions are answered by government officials; In market economies, basic economic questions are answered by individual households、businesses through a system a of freely operating markets. 四、问答题：1.Whats the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics? （P2）2.Give examples to opportunity cost. （P3-4）3.How many factors of production are there in the economic field? （P5）4.What are the differences between capital goods and consumer goods? （P6）5. Basically how many kinds of economic systems are there in the world? （P9）6.What are the three basic economic questions that every nation must answer? （P9）Chapter 2一、名词解释：1.international business国际商务（P17） 2.international trade国际贸易（P19） 3.MNE(multinational enterprises/ multinational firms) 跨国公司（P57）4.merchandise exports商品出口（P23）5.merchandise imports商品进口（P23）6.visible exports and imports有形进出口 7.turnkey operation交钥匙业务（P24）8.management contracts管理合同 9.licensing agreements许可协议 10.franchising特许11.Foreign investment外商投资12.direct investment直接投资（P24） 13.portfolio investment证券投资（P25） 14.joint venture合资企业（此处是部分名词解释，部分为词组互译）二、词组互译：1.commercial transactions商业交易 2.obtain profit获取利润 3.commercial activities商业活动 4. circulation of goods, capital, services, employees and technology商品，资本，服务，雇员和技术流通 5.intellectual property知识产权 6.licensing许可7.franchising特许8.physical and financial assets实物和金融资产 9.Contract manufacturing合同制造生产 10.warehousing and distribution systems仓储和分配制度 11.logistics物流 12.globalization全球化 13.social norms社会规范 14.extra-territorial operations域外行动 15. internationalization of business业务国际化 16.business managerial efficiency企业管理效率17.overseas investments海外投资 18.foreign manufacturing外国制造业 19. mass communication大众传播20.cargo insurance货物保险 21.multinational firms跨国公司22.external economy2外部经济 23.strategic global alliances全球战略联盟 24. retailing and wholesaling零售和批发 25.flow of goods货物流通 26.sales and purchases of goods货物的购销 27.foreign direct investment外国直接投资 28.economic isolationism经济孤立主义 29.global market全球市场 30.human capital人力资本 31.joint ventures合资企业 32.employment opportunities就业机会 33.entrepreneurial skills企业家才能 34.carry out business开展业务 35.mode of operation运作模式 36.visible exports and imports有形进出口 37.international revenue and expenditures国际收入和支出 38.non-product international earnings非产品的国际收益 39.Performance of Services给与服务40.management services管理服务 41.net companies earnings公司的净盈利 42.turn-key operation交钥匙业务 43.management contracts管理合同 44.licensing agreements许可协议 45.franchise contracts特许经营合同 46.financial return财务收益 47. direct investment直接投资 48.portfolio investment证券投资 49.controlling interest控制股权50. foreign direct investment (FDI) 外国直接投资 51.mixed venture混合投资 52.non-controlling interest非控股权益 53.short-term financial gains短期的财政收益 54.merchandise export and import商品出口和进口55.visible exports and imports有形进出口 56.foreign-owned facilities外资机构57.liberalization of governmental policies政府政策的自由化 58.global competition全球竞争 59.e-commerce sales电子商务销售 60.conduct business开展业务 61.Supporting Services支助性业务62.bank credit agreements银行信贷协议 63.clearing arrangements清算安排 64.world output世界产出 65.foreign opportunities外国机会 66.international divisions国际分工 67.newly industrialized countries新型工业化国家 68. International economics and finance国际经济学和金融69.strategic management战略管理 三、填空题：1.International business involves commercial activities that cross national frontiers.2.Cross-border transaction in intellectual property by means of licensing and franchising: a.patents; b:trade marks; c.know-how; d.copyright materials.3.In a word, the transactions involved in international business chiefly include sales, investment, and logistics. 4. International business includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also the growing service industry; on the other hand, international trade is chiefly concerned with sales and purchases of goods.5.We might say that, relatively speaking, international business is on a more macro level while international trade is on a more micro level.6.It can be seen that international business, both as an opportunity and a challenge, is particularly important and necessary to countries, companies, and individuals.7.When companies allow others to use their assets, such as trademarks, patents, copyrights, or expertise under contracts, also known as licensing agreements, they receive earnings called royalties，which also come from franchise contracts. 8.Foreign investment means ownership of foreign property in exchange for financial return, such as interest、 dividends. 9. Foreign investment takes two forms:direct investment and portfolio investment.10.Usually a portfolio investment takes one of two forms:stock in a company or loans to a company or country in the form of bonds, or notes that the investor purchases. And Companies use portfolio investments primarily for short-term financial gains. 四、问答题：1.What is international business usually related to? （P17）2.Why is international business important and necessary and why should we study international business? （P21）3.What are the differences between international business and international trade? （P1920）4. What three major forms do service exports and imports take？（P2324）5.What two forms does foreign investment take？（P2425）6. Why has recent international business been growing fast? （P2628）Chapter 3一、名词解释：1.sole proprietorship（P37） 2.partnership（P40） 3.general partnership（P40） 4.limited partnership（P40） 5.joint venture（P40） 6. corporation（P43）7.private corporation（P44） 8.public corporation（P44） 9.dividends （P44）二、词组互译：1.sole proprietorship个体企业 2.single-owned companies一人公司, 独资公司 3.outstanding accounts欠帐 4.Financial reports会计报告，财务报告 5.listed corporations上市公司 6. personal income tax个人所得税 7. corporate tax rates公司税率 8. Unlimited Liability无限责任 9. personal assets个人资产 10.limited sources of funds有限的资金来源 11.credit squeeze or drop贷款紧缩下降 12.retain qualified employees留住合格员工13.partnership合营公司，合伙公司 14. general partnership无限责任合伙经营；普通合伙公司 15. limited partnership有限责任合伙经营；有限合伙公司 16. general partner无限责任合伙人；合伙企业中负无限责任的合伙人 17. assume unlimited liability承担无限责任 18. service-oriented partnerships服务型的合伙 19.financial planning财务规划 20.credit ratings信用评级21. fulfill the obligations尽义务 22.enter into a partnership agreement签订合作协议23.dissolve a partnership解散企业24. fulfill contractual agreements履行合同协议25. owner conflict所有权人冲突 26. dissolve successful business解散成功的企业 27.publicly owned corporations公有企业；公众性公司28.fair value公允价值 29. legal entity法人实体 30. enter into contracts订立契约 31.incorporated businesses股份有限公司 32.financial reports会计报告,财务报告 33. stock offering股票发行 34. proceeds of the sale of stock股票销售收益 35. public corporation公开招股的公司 36.common stock普通股 37.common shareholders普通股股东 38.board of directors董事会39. dividend payments分红，股利支付 40.retained earnings留存收益 41.preferred stock优先股 42.profitability of a business企业收益率43.pre-incorporation contracts公司成立前合约 44.voting stock有表决权的股票 45.financial capital金融资本 46.standing committees常务委员会 47.issue stock发行股票 48.cover liabilities承保责任 49.principal officer 50. separate legal entity单独的法律实体 51.declare bankruptcy宣告破产 52.Transferring Ownership财产权转让给;过户 53.stock exchange证券交易所 54.ready market现成的市场 55.liquidates assets清算资产 56.sources of financing筹措资金的渠道 57.economical production methods经济生产方法 58.fringe benefits附加福利 59.pricing arrangements定价安排 60.taxable income须纳税的收入 61.after-tax corporate profits纳税后公司利润 62. double taxation双重课税 63.Filing fees申请费 三、填空题：1.There are three basic types of partnership：general partnership，limited partnership，and joint venture.2.A corporation may be privately owned or publicly owned. 3.A public corporation issues certificates of ownership, called common stock, that may be traded on stock exchanges. 4.Preferred stockholders receive a fixed dividend before common stockholders receive any dividends on their shares. 5. The individuals creating the corporation are known as incorporators.四、问答题：1.What are advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships? （P37-39）2.What are the three types of partnership? Whatre their differences? （P40）3.What are advantages and disadvantages of partnerships? （P41）4.How is a corporation different from a partnership or a proprietorship? (自己总结：从各自的概念入手)5. What are the differences between common stock and preferred stock? （P44-45）6. What are advantages and disadvantages of corporations? （P48-51）Chapter 4一、名词解释：1.multinational corporations (MNCs) （P57） 2.intra-firm trade （P57）二、词组互译：1.multinational corporations (MNCs) 跨国公司2.intra-firm trade公司内贸易 3.parent firm母公司 4.foreign affiliate外国子公司 5.yearly sales年销售额 6.national income国民收入 7.managerial expertise管理经验 8.financial institution金融机构 9.strategic vision战略视野 10.competitive advantage比较优势11.vertical integration纵向结合12.horizontal integration横向结合13.intermediate product中间产品 14.monopoly power垄断力量15.economy of scale规模效应16.finance large projects为大工程提供资金17.funnel information汇集信息18.oligopolist市场供应垄断者 19.tax holidays免税期 20.host nation东道国 21.transfer pricing制定转帐价格;调拨定价 22.home country母国23semiskilled production job半熟练生产工作 24.clerical job文书工作 25.technological superiority技术优势 26.technological lead技术领先27.tax revenues赋税收入,税收 28.tax base计税基数(课税基础) 29.monetary policy货币政策 30.Foreign domination外国统治 31.tight domestic credit conditions国内信贷紧缩状况 32.R&D funds研究与开发资金 33.entrepreneurial talent企业家才能 34.tariff benefits关税优惠 35.tax avoidance避税 36.capital-intensive production资本密集型生产 37.labor-abundant developing nations劳动力丰富的发展中国家三、填空题：1.The basic reason for the existence of MNCs is the competitive advantage of a global network of production and distribution. 2.By vertical and horizontal integration with foreign affiliates, by taking advantage of economies of scale , and by being in a better position than purely national firms to control the environment in which they operate, MNCs have grown to become the most prominent form of private international economic organizations in existence today.四、问答题：1.What are the main characteristics of a multinational corporation? （P57）2.What are the reasons for the existence of multinational corporations? （P58）3.What are competitive advantages of multinational corporations? （P58）4.What are the major possible effects of MNCs on the home country? （P61-62）5.What are the major possible harmful effects of MNCs on the host country? （P63-64）Chapter5一、名词解释：1.international trade （P71） 2.visible trade （P71） 3.invisible trade （P71） 4.absolute advantage（P74） 5.comparative advantage（P75）二、词组互译：1.foreign trade对外贸易 2.tangible goods有形货物 3.visible trade有形贸易 4.win-win deal双赢协议 5.industrial raw materials工业原材料 6.stock-ownership certificate股权证(明)书7.consumer services消费者服务 8.uneven distribution of resources资源分配不均9.Capital Resources资本资源 10.manufactured goods制成品 11.comparative advantage比较优势 12.rates of exchange汇率13.utilization of underemployed domestic resources利用国内资源不足 14.insufficient internal demand内部需求不足 15.economies of scale规模经济 16.flow of capital资本流动 17.capital goods资本货物18.consumer goods消费品 19.extend the life of products延长产品的生命 20. growth of economy经济增长 21.vital industry重要行业 22.infant industry幼稚产业 23.mature industry成熟产业 24.labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业 25.revenue tariff关税收入 26.protection tariff保护关税 27.import surtax进口附加税 28.dumping倾销 29.Countervailing duty反补贴税30.Anti-dumping duty反倾销税 31.Variable levy差价(额)税32.mixed or compound duty混合或复合税33.alternative duty选择税 34.absolute quota绝对配额35.Import License进口许可证 36.State Monopoly of Import and Export国家垄断进出口 37.Government Procurement Policy政府采购政策 38.Foreign Exchange Control 外汇管制39.Advanced Deposit (进口)押金制度, 进口存款制40.HealthSanitary Regulations健康与卫生条例41.Packaging and Labeling Regulations包装和标签法规42.Minimum Price最低限价制 43.Monetary Conversion货币兑换 43. Division of labor劳动分工44. specific duty从量税 45. Non-Tariff Barriers非关税壁垒制 46. customs quota关税配额 47. bilateral agreement双边协定三、填空题：1. International trade can also be understood as export and import of goods or technology or services.2. The purchase and sales of goods are called visible trade, and the purchase and sale of services and technology is called invisible trade.3.Absolute Advantage was put forward by Adam Smith, while Comparative Advantage was put forward by David Ricardo.4.Kinds of restrictions imposed by countries include tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.四、问答题：1.What is international trade? （P71）2.What are the economic reasons for international trade? （P74-75）3.Explain absolute advantage. （P74）4. Explain comparative advantage. （P75）5.What are the benefits of international trade? （P79）6.What are tariff barriers? What are non-tariff barriers? （P81-82）Chapter6一、名词解释：1.WTO （P90） 2.GATT（P90） 3.tariff-free trade 4.non-tariff measure 5.intellectual property （P122）二、词组互译：1.the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 关贸总协定 2.multilateral trading system多边贸易体系 3.tariff reductions关税减让 4.non-tariff measures非关税措施 5.tariff-free trade无关税贸易 6.information technology products信息技术产品 7.Ministerial Conference部长会议 8.transparency in government procurement政府采购透明度 9.intellectual property知识产权 10.administer trade agreements管理贸易协议 11.settle trade disputes解决贸易争端 12.regional trade agreements地区贸易协定 13.director-general总干事，理事长 14.customs duty rates进口税率 15.non-discriminatory trading system非岐视贸易体系 16.umbrella agreement总协定 17.General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) 服务贸易总协定 18. Dispute Settlement Understanding争端解决非正式协议 19.The Trade Policy Review Mechanism 贸易政策审议机制 20.inter-governmental agencies政府间机构 21.market economies市场经济三、填空题：1. WTOcame into being in 1995, the successor of GATT.2.The WTO agreements mainly focus on Goods/Serices/intellectual property/dispute settlement/policy review.四、问答题：1.Whats the relationship between the WTO and the GATT? （P90）2.When did the WTO come into being? （P90）3.When did the GATT come into being? （P90）4.How does the WTO achieve its objectives? （P94第二行）5.Know something about the WTO.Chapter7一、名词解释：1.criminal law（P105） 2.criminal law （P105） 3.public law （P105） 4.Private law（P105） 5. Common law（P106） 6.tort（P106）二、词组互译：1.criminal law刑法 2.civil law民法 3.violation of criminal law违反刑法 4.public law公法, 国际公法 5.constitutional law 6.International law宪法 7.private law私法 8.business law商法；商事法 9.common law习惯法 10.Statutory law成文法 11.administrative law行政法 12.case law判例法 13.anti-trust laws反托拉斯法 14. infant industry新生行业 15.treaties, conventions and agreements条约和协定 16.enforce a contract执行（实施）合同 17.void (invalidate) the agreement宣布合同无效 contractual capacity订约能力 18.enter into a binding contract订立有法律约束力的契约 19.convey title to real estate转移房产所有权 20.breach of contract违约；违背契约 21.law of property物权法 22.real property不动产 23.personal property个人财产 24.tangible property有形资产 25.intangible property无形资产 26.transfer property ownership转让财产所有权 28.extended payment延期支付 28.law of torts 民事侵权法 29.liability insurance责任保险三、填空题：1. Laws are categorized as either criminal or civil. 2.In the United States, three major sources of the law include:Common Law/Statutory Law/Administrative Law. Common Law or case law is unwrittenStatutory Law, by contrast, is explicitly written. 3.One similarity of torts and crimes is that both are wrongful conduct. Another difference between torts a