外宣翻译中的编译技巧.doc

外宣翻译中的编译技巧 一、删减英文是一种讲究客观理性的语言，以平实为好。而汉语则相反，追求表达高雅，喜欢借助于同义反复来实现这种高雅的韵味。这种表达如果照直翻译成英语，不但显得多余别扭，还会削弱甚至破坏原意表达，一般宜做删减处理。此外，某些在原文中非主要信息的地名、人名（领导），对外国读者来说很陌生，翻译出来，不仅使译文冗余，削弱原文主题的突出性，还有可能外国读者失去阅读兴趣，也宜删减这类信息。例如： 例 1原文：玉林市邮政大厦位于玉林市繁华商业地段, 坐落在人民路与东明路交叉点人民中路32号。紧邻玉林市委和市政府办公地点。交通便利,往东郊直达汽车站仅5分钟, 往火车站也不过15分钟。原译: Post Hotel is located at No.32 Peoples Road, in the commercial district. At the crossing with Peoples Road and Dongming Road, nearby the CPC of Yulin Committee and Yulin Municipal Peoples Government. It is only 5 minutes away from east suburb bus station and only 15 minutes from railways station by car.改译: Post Hotel is located in the commercial district of the city with easy access to public transport. It is only 5 minutes from east suburb bus station and 15 minutes from the railways station by car. （此例出自 周锰珍. 基于目的论的对外宣传资料翻译 J. 广西民族大学学报（哲社版），2006 (6)：138-141.）例 2原文：山西省五台山是闻名中外的佛教圣地，境内迄今仍存着北魏、唐、宋、元、明、清及民国历朝历代的寺庙建筑47座。精美绝伦的古建筑艺术、稀世文物及博大雄宏的佛教文化充满了无限的神秘感。同时，五台山的自然风光亦令人陶醉，夏季清凉宜人，而一到冬天，漫天的飞雪该地而来，整个台怀景区便成了银装玉砌的冰雪世界。 On Wutai Mountain, located in Shanxi province, there are 47 temples built during the seven dynasties from Northern Wei (386-543) to the Republic of China (1912-1949). Splendid ancient architecture, rare relics and unparalleled Buddhist culture have all lent mystery to the mountain. Its natural landscape is also gorgeous. Cool and verdant in summer, the mountain becomes shrouded in snow and ice in winter. 汉、英读者的社会历史背景，心理认知环境不一样，各自的关注点也不一样。汉语突出历朝历代是为了表示其历史悠久，文化丰富，因为中国人一看就懂，而国外读者可能就不太清楚，而且这些信息也不是他们所期望的。因此，译文仅仅保留了两个朝代以说明年代起止，并加注了具体时间，将中间价值度不高的非关键信息的各朝各代省去不译，用了“七个朝代”一言以蔽之，这就免去了很多麻烦，时间也变得更为清晰，还保持了译文的通畅。同时，对原文中的一些评价性信息的省略也处理得十分恰当，使译文主题突出，简明扼要，注意了内外有别。 例 3 原文：旅居在这半城绿树半城楼的现代园林都市之中，实为惬意而舒适之快事。南宁市目前共有82家星级饭店，其中五星级6家，四星级11家，三星级28家，既有装修豪华的高级酒店，又有温馨如家的经济型宾馆，满足南来北往的客人不同的需求。原译: It is really agreeable to live in such a garden city half surrounded by green. At present, Nanning has totally 82 start-rated hotels, including 6 five-star hotels, 11 four-star hotels and 28 three-star hotelsApart from the luxurious hotels, there are also many comfortable economic hotels to satisfy customers various demands （选自走进绿城南宁旅游手册）分析：原文是手册中“住”部分的信息，旨在给游客提供旅游数字式的住宿信息, 但第一句“旅居在这半城绿树半城楼的现代园林都市之中，实为惬意而舒适之快事”实际与此主题不符，翻译出不仅不能突出主题，而且会使译文缺乏连贯。因此，笔者采取删减这一部分信息；此外，原译文“comfortable economic hotels to satisfy customers various demands”有明显的逻辑错误，“economic hotels”如何能满足“various demands”？因此，这段话只译出最直接、最主要的信息即可。改译：At present, Nanning has totally 82 start-rated hotels, of which 6 are five-star hotels, 11 are four-star hotels and 28 are three-star hotels. Besides, there are many economic but comfortable hotels. (司继涛 译） 例 4 原文：具有3000多年建城史的北京, 是中华传统文化的典型代表,奥运会如在这里举行,将使东西方文化在世界人口五分之一的国度中交融。一个在改革开放进程中蓬勃发展的新北京,将以古典与现代合壁的姿态,把自己悠远深厚的文化底蕴,兼容并蓄的宽广胸怀,谦和礼貌的公德素养，奋发有为的进取精神展现给全世界，为世界奉献一届与众不同的新奥运,为奥林匹克运动在新世纪的发展带来新的动力，促使这一运动真正成为跨文化、跨民族、跨国度的世界性文化体系。Beijing, with more than 3000 years of history as a city, is a model of traditional Chinese culture. If the Olympic is held here, the eastern and western cultures will have a chance to integrate. Beijing, with its new prosperous look as a result of the countrys reform and opening-up drive, will present the world with a unique Olympic so that the event can truly become a global culture transcending national characteristics.汉英对照, 似乎觉得译文遗漏太多,实则是汉语思维在作怪。若按汉语的形式在译文中行文用字，将会臃肿累赘又言之无物，译文读者也难以获得最佳语境效果。因此,译文只能根据原作的交际意图和译文读者的期待,用蕴涵译语文化身份的表达方式来取代原语文化身份的表达方式,取“义”而舍“形”，抽象概括出相关信息，按译文惯布局, 真正实现外宣翻译的媒介和窗口作用。 例 5 原文：全城首家推出招牌特色“皇家第一汤”，其秉承古民间炖汤妙法，博采众长，集八珍之奇，注山水之泉，熔天地之精华于特制火山泥容器内，从而产生人与天地相应这天人和一的境界。原译: The Hotel Royal King Soup, which is the specialty of this hotel, is inspired by a recipe of ancient China. It is prepared in a special pot with mountain spring and other rare ingredients. “博采众长，集八珍之奇，注山水之泉，熔天地之精华于特制火山泥容器内，从而产生人与天地相应这天人和一的境界”是汉语广告修辞的套语，用来描述“皇家第一汤”的独特与“无以伦比”。这种的描述对中国受众已习以为常，但若直接转换为英语，就变成了浮夸和虚假的言辞而不为外国读者接受。在这种情况下，翻译的关键不是“忠实”于原文，而是抓住原文的意图，选择主要信息以平实的语言表达出来，反而能获得更好的效果。改译: The Royal Familys soup, a delicacy prepared by the chefs in the restaurant, is boiled in a specially-made earthen vessel in the traditional Chinese way.（此例出自：朱文凤. 从目的论的视角看宾馆宣传册的汉英翻译 D.广东外语外贸大学硕士论文，2008:35）二、增加在英汉互译中，由于汉、英两种语言所承载、依附的文化之间存在巨大差异。目的语文本受众对通常对源语文化的了解有可能相当有限，甚至一无所知。因此，对于源语文本中的历史事件、地理名称、专门机构、政治术语和口号、行话和俚语、传统节日、特有的饮食文化等等，加予注释说明，使目的语文本的读者易于理解。例如：例6原文：“天府之国”的旅游业今年实现开门红，1月份游客人数达到88万，比去年同期增加18%。译为：Tourism industry in Southwest Chinas Sichuan Province, also known as the Land of Abundance, got off to a good start this year, with 880,000 arrivals in January, an 18 percent increase over the same month last year.这里，“天府之国”指四川，必须加予说明。同时，外国受众没有中国方位上的认知，因此必须指明四川在中国的哪个位置。 例 7 原文：由潘鹤教授设计的贺龙元帅铜像，屹立在天子山贺龙公园。铜像高6.5米，重约100吨。(张家界旅游画册) 译文：The Grand Bronze Statue of Marshal He Long, He Long (18961969)，one of the founders of the Peoples Republic of China，born in Sangzhi，somewhat 60 kilometers from the tourist site, 1ed many battles during the Chinese Civil War and Anti-Japanese War. 国内游客大都熟悉贺龙元帅生平，原文突出雕像的雄伟气势和设计者的知名度。但境外游客想知道的是雕像为何许人也，为什么要树他的雕像，他与此地有何关系，而且铜像是直观的物体，游人对它的设、计者(除非是世界级)、高度、重量不会产生兴趣。所以作者在以下译文中改变信息焦点，实际效果反而更好。此外，典型的中国政治行话、具有中国国情的特有词汇如“四项基本原则”、“一个中心，两个基本点”、“大锅饭”、“铁饭碗”等等，如不加说明，国外受众根本就不知为何物，这就会失去对外宣传的目的，因此必须增加相应的文化背景解释或注释，使外国受众取得和中文受者对原文相同或相似的宣传效果。例 8 原文：郑州兴亚建国饭店是北京首旅建国酒店管理有限公司管理的五星级豪华饭店。拥有中西式餐厅3个，宴会包房29个，中餐厅主要经营北京官府谭家菜。原译：Xingya Jianguo Hotel of Zhengzhou is a Five-Star luxurious hotel administrated by Beijing Shoulv Jianguo Hotel Administration Co. Ltd. It has three Chinese and Western restaurants, and 29 rooms for banquets. The food served in the Chinese restaurant is the Beijing Tan Family Cuisine. 改译：Xingya Jianguo Hotel of Zhengzhou, a Five-Star hotel under Beijing Shoudu Travel Agency Jianguo Hotel Administration Co. Ltd., boasts of three restaurants serving both Chinese and western food and banquet halls. The Chinese restaurants mainly serve Tan familys food, a well-known cuisine which was first prepared by high-ranking officials Tan Jiajun and his son during the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the capital of Beijing. （此例出自：朱文凤. 从目的论的视角看宾馆宣传册的汉英翻译 D.广东外语外贸大学硕士论文，2008:32-33） 三、翻译中的重组3.1 逻辑重组英汉民族有着不同的文化背景、价值观念及思维方式，因而他们的审美观和语言逻辑观不尽相同，因此，具有特定功能的语篇构成形式也不尽相同。具体地说，汉语语篇通常是先把思想发散出去，再收拢回来，使得文章的段落以螺旋式发展，由远及近，常在结尾时点题；而英语语篇开宗明义，直点主题。翻译的过程就是译者促成跨文化交际活动的过程，在这一过程中，译者起着主导作用，最终提供给译文受者的是什么样的语篇，取决于译者对语篇内容及其语域的把握，以及译者根据译文受者的思维和阅读习惯，对译语语篇的建构能力（袁晓宁，2008：104）。 例 9原文：南京市境内，东郊有中山陵、明孝陵、灵古寺；城南有夫子庙、中华门、雨花台；城西有莫愁湖、朝天宫；城东有梅园新村、总统府旧址；城北有玄武湖、鸡鸣寺，这些众多的旅游景点，形成了以历史古迹为核心的南京独特的旅游观光圣地。仔细阅读原文后，我们可以发现，置于结尾的“这些众多的旅游景点，形成了以历史古迹为核心的南京独特的旅游观光圣地”是主题句，这是汉语语篇的构成习惯。但在英文译文中，应该根据英文的语篇构成习惯，将该主题句放在了语段的开头，起到开宗明义的作用，然后再对主题句进行一一阐释，提供背景信息。下面译文（1）的第一句就是主题句，起到总提的作用，符合英文的表达习惯，因而层次清楚，读上去自然流畅。The plentiful travel destinations in Nanjing form her unique tourist resorts featuring cultural relics of historic interest. Situated on the eastern outskirts of the city are Dr. Sun Yat-sens Mausoleum, Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, and the Spirit Valley; in the southern part of the city lie the Confucius Temple, Zhonghua City Gate, the Rain Flower Terrace (Yuhutai); in the western part Mochou Lake, and ChaoTian Temple; in the eastern part Meiyuan New Village, and Presidential Palace; in the northern part Xuanwu lake, and Jiming Temple. (袁晓宁译)例 10原文：位于杭州湾北岸海盐县境内的南北湖风景区, 总面积30平方公里,由湖塘、鹰巢顶、谭仙岭、滨海四个景区组成,融山、海、湖自然景观于一体, 兼有丰富的人文景观, 是浙江省省级风景名胜区。译文: Located in Haiyan county north of the Hangzhou Bay, the Nanbei Lake is one of the scenic resorts in Zhejiang province characterized by its divergent scenic, cultural and historical highlights. With an area of 30 sq km, the resort comprises four sections: The Lake Area, Yingchaoding (eagle-nest top), Tanxian Hill and the Seashore.分析:原文从开始介绍南北湖的地理位置、面积、景点特征等,如枝繁叶茂的大树四处展开, 最终收拢为“省级风景名胜区”, 体现出“先分述, 后整述的汉语段落结构”(方梦之:2002:73)以及信息重心后置的语言思维模式。英译文则按照英语思维的习惯,对段落结构调整为信息重心前置, 同时, 根据概念的认知单位切分, 主题概念为“南北湖是一个省级风景区”,自然与人文景观是对主题概念的扩大与延伸, 以分词短语形式作为辅助成分完成一个简单句结构; 景区面积则为另一概念单位,则由“with”短语构成另一个单句。如此一来, 译文语义明晰紧凑, 逻辑严谨; 同时,由于译文不斤斤于字比句次, 更显流畅自如。 3.2 信息突出 为了有效地突出原文中某一部分信息，达到预期效果。有时会在译文中进行重新编码和解码，改变其原来的行文格式，以突出有效信息。这种方法尤其常用于对外宣传报道的消息类新闻英译中。例 11原文：非法闯入我军事演习区域采访三名香港记者被遣送出境新华社福州3月10日电，三名香港记者擅自闯入我军事演习区域进行非法采访活动，在福建省平潭县东澳码头被当地公安机关扣留。经审查，香港女记者孙蕴、邓德慧、刘玉梅三人受香港东方报业集团周刊部主管指派，于3月6日晚上飞抵福州，在3月8日凌晨潜入我军事演习区域窃取我军事演习情况。她们的行为违反了中华人民共和国国家安全法和港澳记者来内地采访的有关规定。福建省公安机关已在责令其书面承认错误并没收其非法获得的有关资料后，于今日下午将她们遣送出境。分析：原文仅一段文字，中心突出，层次分明，是一则短小精炼的新闻报道。从信息功能来看，原文向读者表达了四层信息，但从标题上看，以第一、四句为主。翻译时应增加译文的逻辑性，突出有效信息。我们按事实材料的重要性依次排列，将原文信息进行重组，把最重要的信息即三名香港记者被遣送出境的事实及原因作为导语置于全文的第一段，尔后分两段陈述了原文信息的第一句和第二句，并将原文背景材料中有关的次要信息在译文中略去。翻译如下：Mainland expels HK journalistsFUZHOU(Xinhua)Three journalists from Hong Kong were expelled from the mainland on Sunday afternoon by public security officers of South Chinas Fujian Province, for violating the State Security Law. The journalists were detained after they were found to be conducting illegal interviews inside an area where the Peoples Liberation Army was holding exercises on March 8.They admitted that they had flown to Fuzhou, the provincial capital, on March 66,and got into the exercises area early on the morning of March 8, in order to obtain information about the exercise. （出自 范锋. 浅谈外宣翻译中“译前处理”的运用 J. 重庆科技学院学报（社会科学版）2010（6）：125-127）通过重组，译文虽改变了原来的行文格式，但保持了原文信息的内容和功能，取得了与原文意义相符、功能相似的效果；同时突出了有效信息，增加了译文的逻辑性和可读性。例 12原文：山海关啤酒厂坐落在风景优美的避暑胜地、历史名城-山海关。素有“龙头”之称的万里长城的东部起端，由此伸向大海。该厂始建于1982年，后经二次扩建和技术改造，如今已形成了具有年产8万吨啤酒和9千吨麦芽的生产能力，是我国啤酒行业的重点骨干企业之一。（王静, 2010) 原译：Located in Shanhaiguan, a picturesque summer resort，and the famous historic town, where the east end of the Great Wall called “head of dragon” extends to the sea. Shanhaiguan Brewery was set in 1982 and has been technically transformed twice and expanded to the present scale with an annual capacity of 80, 000 tons of beer and 9, 000 tons of malt. The brewery has become one of the key enterprises producing beer in China.改译：Shanhaiguan Brewery is a key enterprise brewing beer in China. It is located in Shanhaiguan, a picturesque summer resort and historical town, where the East End of the Great Wall extends to the sea. Since its founding in 1982, Shanhaiguan Brewery has been technically transformed twice and expanded to the present scale with an annual capacity of 80，000 tons of beer and 9, 000 tons of malt. 例 13原文：xx集团位于在山东半岛的港口城市龙口市，这里地处环渤海经济带，东临烟台、南靠青岛、西依龙口港、北与大连隔海相望，地理位置优越，水、陆、空交通十分便利。南山集团经过三十多年的艰苦创业，现已发展成为以民营股份制经济为主体，多产业并举发展，进入中国企业500强行列的国家级大型企业集团。分析：这是一段介绍企业基本情况的文字，将企业的地理位置的介绍放在前面，然后是企业的发展现状。但把此段文字译成英语的话，需要对之进行逻辑重组，因为英语是信息功能突出的语言，一般会直入主题，逻辑条理清楚，而文本到最后才提到最关键的信息中国企业500强行列的国家级大型企业集团，所以通过对原文进行逻辑重组后，可将其译为:After more than twenty years striving, xx Group has developed into a national large corporation group listing in Chinese top 500 enterprises with private shareholding economy as the main body. It is located in Longkou, a port city in Bohai omic Belt in Shandong Peninsula, with Yantai to the east, Qingdao to the south, Longkou Port to the west and Dalian to the north separated by the sea, which provides superior geographic advantages and convenient transportation in the water, land and air to the company.译文通过调整逻辑结构，将重点信息置于句首，这样就突出了文本的信息功能,符合英文思维结构，使文本更好地发挥出呼唤功能和信息功能，以达到宣传的作用。例 14原文：钦州学院位于风景秀美的滨海城市钦州，广西北部湾经济区核心工业区。钦州学院于1973年建校，是广西沿海地区唯一一所公立普通本科高等院校。我院分为校本部、东校区两个校区。校园内有现代化的教学大楼，环境优美，绿树成荫，是一个充满生机与活力，适宜学习和生活的地方。原译：Qinzhou University is situated in Qinzhou, which is a beautiful coastal city and the core industrial area of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi. Founded in 1973, the university is the only state-run university along the coast of Guangxi. Currently there are two campuses in the university. With modern teaching buildings, beautiful flowers and evergreen trees and grass, the university offers students a good, lively learning atmosphere and a comfortable living environment. 道理同上。此译文出自钦州学院国外留学生招生手册，其中“广西北部湾经济区核心工业区”的英译文足以让很多欲来钦州学院学习的外国人望而却步。中国很多地方常以此来暗示“发展潜力大”和“发达地区”，“核心工业区”也就意味着污染严重。因此翻译应省去这一信息。此外，大学通常与研究、学习相关联，怎会是适宜学习和生活的地方？改译：Qinzhou University, established in 1973, is so far the only public university of Guangxi Coastal Area. Located in Qinzhou, a beautiful coastal city, the university consists of two campuses: the Main Campus and the East Campus. These two campuses, with avenues of green trees and patches of lush grass, are ideal places for study and research. （司继涛 改译）3.3 信息搭配调整 例 15原文：该大楼是集科研、实验和教学功能为一体的组合楼群，包括主楼、东楼、南楼和西楼。其中，主楼、南楼为北部湾海洋人才培训中心约26436，占总面积的80%；西楼为教室约3500、东楼约2843。主楼规划为海洋信息处理中心、海洋可持续发展管理研究、海洋与海岸带防灾减灾研究、海洋生态研究室、海洋资源保护和利用研究室、船舶污染控制技术和清洁能源开发利用实验室、沿海绿色生产培训中心、大学物理实验室；南楼规划为海洋环保生化实验楼，包括化学实验室、生物实验室、海产品加工研究室、海水养殖研究室；东楼包含学术报告中心及媒体传播与制作室；西楼为培训用的教室。The complex, composed of the Main Building, the South Building, the East Building and the West Building , integrates teaching, experiment and research into an organic whole. The Main building and the South Building constitute Beibu Gulf Talent Training Center, which takes up about 26, 436 m2 (80% of the total building area). The Main Building consists of Information & Data Proceeding Centre, Marine Sustainable Management Centre, Seas and Seacoasts Disaster Combating and Prevention Institute, Marine Ecology Research Laboratory, Marine Resource Cultivation and Utilization Research Laboratory, Shipping Pollution Control and Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Coastal Green Production Training Center, University Physics Laboratory. The South Building, designed to be Marine Environmental Protection & Biochemical Laboratory Building, is composed of Chemistry Laboratory, Biological Laboratory, Marine products processing Research Laboratory and Marine Aquaculture Laboratory. The East Building, composed of Academic Report Centre and Media Communication and Production Room, takes up about 2,843m2. And the West Building, designed to be classroom building, covers about 3,500 m2. 例 16 原文：上海银舟大厦位于上海浦东陆家嘴经贸区,东临主干线源深路,西濒临该地区的集中绿地双子广场，占地5037m2，楼面面积37700平方米, 高100米, 28层,为商贸结合的高级办公楼。Located in the center of Pudongs Lujiazui financial zone, the 100-meter-high Shanghai Silver Boat Mansion is a 28-storey deluxe commercial and office building, standing on a site of 5,037 square meters with a GFA of 37, 700 square meters. It faces on the east the Yuanshen Road, one of the citys main roads, and the Shangzi Square green zone on the west.4. 改写由于汉英两种语言所属的文化不同，它们各有一套被各自读者所理解，在特定语境中只具备语用意义的习惯表达。这些习、惯表达的语用意义对其读者常常是约定俗成，心照不宣的。在翻译中，译者必须认真识别它们的语用意义，避免字面翻译，以免影响译文的预期目的。如：例 17原文： 尊敬的领导，各位来宾: 在党的正确领导下，在xx精神的鼓舞下，在xx会议的推动下，在xx方针的指导下，在党委的亲切关怀和具体指导下，在兄弟单位的支持下，我们这个讲习班开学了。(选自居祖纯汉英翻译强化训练） Respected Leaders， Distinguished Guests， Ladies and Gentlemen，I have the honor to declare the seminar open. Id like, if I may，to take this opportunity to convey our gratitude to those whose support and assistance have made the seminar possible. Our particular thanks should go to. 例 18原文：中国广西, 一大片古老深远,壮美的国土。十万大山峰峦叠嶂,古木参天, 流水潺潺。十万大山, 一个响亮的名字; 十万大山系列食品是广西山水哺育出来的品牌;“十万大山”是广西农垦人的共同名字。原译: In Guangxi, China, there is a large, magnificent, profound, ancient land. Inside the range of Great Mountain (Shiwandashan), peaks overlap peaks, old trees reach into the sky, and creeks murmur. Great mountain, a resounding name, is a brand name nurtured by the mountains and rivers of Guangxi; Great Mountain has become the common name of Guangxi State Farms Group. 改译：Great Mountain, a brand dealing with farming products of Shiwandashan in Guangxi, China, is a famous brand of Guangxi State Farms Group Co. ltd. 例 19 原文：诞生于上世纪末的虎豹集团信守孜孜以求、永不言退的发展理念,在市场经济的大潮中，任凭浊浪排空，惊涛拍岸，独有胜似闲庭信步的自信，处变不惊,运筹帷幄。尽握无限商机于掌间, 渐显王者之气于天地虎豹人以其特有的灵气,极目一流，精益求精，集世界顶尖服装生产技术装备之大成。裁天上彩虹，绣人间缤纷，开设计之先河，臻质量之高峰，领导服装潮流，尽显领袖风采天道酬勤，不断进取的虎豹人撷取了一个又一个辉煌。Founded in the late 1980s, the Hubao Group is determined to succeed. The Hubao Group has a high standard of quality and is well-equipped with the worlds most advanced technology. They are taking the lead in designing new fashions and maintaining high quality products.The Hubao Group has made one achievement after another due to their diligence. 例 20原文：“三金”牌商标被国家工商行政管理局认定为“中国驰名商标”,“三金”牌产品已行销海内外, 并享有良好声誉。企业还荣获全国企业管理杰出贡献奖、全国“五一”劳动奖状、全国思想政治工作优秀企业、全国文明单位、全国中药行业优秀企业等荣誉。分析：中文企业简介常常罗列奖项或称号以展示企业信誉度和知名度,这些奖项大多数是由国家或省市政府颁发的,在我国消费者心目中有很高的认可度,也体现着企业的声誉和实力。而在西方, 很少存在国家性质的向企业颁发的奖项, 企业的实力也大多通过年度营业额和员工人数等数据来直接体现。所以,中文简介中的这些奖项即使译出,也会让外商“不知所云”。所以在翻译时,同类的奖项大多数可以省去不译, 可以用概括的形式 (如译为“have been granted many honorable titles”，或“have been sold well”等)一笔代过。当然,不是所有的奖项或称号都可以省去不译,以下两种奖项属于有价值信息, 应准确地译出: 具有一定国际知名度的,关系企业销量的奖项, 如例文的“中国驰名商标”等。关系到外商在华利益的, 如“中华人民共和国海关保税工厂(bonded factory)”等。译文：Sanjin Brand”has been determined as“The Chinese Famous Brand”. Enjoying good reputation both in China and abroad, the products of“Sanjin Brand”have been sold well all over China and exported to Southeast Asia, the US, Canada, Australia etc. 例 21 原文:“不到万里长城非好汉, 不吃全聚德烤鸭真遗憾!”在百余年里,全聚德菜品经过不断创新发展,形成了以独具特色的全聚德烤鸭为龙头, 集“全鸭席”和400多道特色菜品于一体的全聚德菜系，备受各国元首、政府官员、社会各界人士及国内外游客喜爱, 被誉为“中华第一吃”。敬爱的周恩来总理曾多次把全聚德“全鸭席”选为国宴。分析：译文的目的（功能）：宣传全聚德的菜; 译文读者：懂英语的外国人; 源文功能：感染型文本，以国内游客导向；翻译问题：1“不到万里长城非好汉, 不吃全聚德烤鸭真遗憾!”（是否需要译出？）2. 敬爱的周恩来总理曾多次把全聚德“全鸭席”选为国宴。（译出来，外国游客是否理解，是否突出主题）译文: The well-known All-Duck Banquet is headed by QUANJUDE roast duck and supported by over400 dishes with QUANJUDE characteristic flavor. Government leaders, officials and VIPs from nearly 200 countries and regions have visited QUANJUDE roast duck restaurants and had dinner here. 例 22原文：钦州坭兴陶，古称越陶，据考证产生于隋唐，距今已有1300多年的历史。陶器采用钦江东西两岸特有的红陶土按一定比例配置，泥质纯净细腻，适合刻字和表现传统浮雕工艺。经过高温烧制后，形成“窑变”而成古铜色、深蓝色、墨绿色、朱红色等诸多颜色，再经过抛光处理，成品光润柔和，晶莹似玉，古香古色，享有“中国一绝”之美誉。1915年钦州坭兴陶在巴拿马国际博览会上获得金奖，与宜兴紫砂陶、四川荣昌陶和云南建水陶并称“中国四大名陶”。原译：Nixing pottery of Qinzhou, once original named Yue pottery. There is convincing evidence it invented 1300 years ago between Sui and Tang Dynasties. The pottery is made from proper clay of the east and west coast of Qin River in Qinzhou of Guangxi Province. The cl