英语四级翻译(技巧加题目加答案)doc.doc

大学英语四级考试翻译题轻松拿高分一、这里是一些翻译题怎样做的小技巧翻译的实践性决定了一个事实，即要做好翻译，必须加强这方面的训练，因为大家都明白“熟能生巧”的道理。同时，掌握一定的翻译技巧和方法也是必需的。好的方法不但可以帮助我们解决一些翻译难题，保证我们译文的质量，而且大大地省去了动笔前绞尽脑汁地探求“最佳译法”的过程，为考试节约了宝贵的时间。根据四级考试新题型的特点和要求，有针对性地总结了一些对应试有所帮助的翻译技巧和方法，以供大家参考。 1. 词语层次 对单句翻译，主要体现在词语层次方面的翻译，常见的理论有：词语选择法、词义引申法、词义褒贬法、正反译法、词类转换法、增译法、省略法等。 (1) 词语选择法 由于汉语和英语的表达习惯和词语搭配的不同，同一个汉语词语与不同的词语搭配时，英文译文会用到不同的词语来表达。因此，必须根据词汇的搭配关系和句子中充当的成分来确定译文所选词语。 (2) 词义引申法 在翻译过程中，有时会遇到一些无法找到对等英语词汇的情况，这就需要根据其基本词义进行引申。 (3) 词义褒贬法 由于在汉语的表达中褒贬意义通常很明显，而英语词汇中很多词都是中性的，其褒贬含义有时不是很明显，因此在翻译时，要尽量选择能表现褒贬色彩的词语。 (4) 正反译法 由于语言习惯的不同，汉英两种语言在正说与发说方面也常常不同。英语中有些从正面说，汉语则从反面来解释;而对那些从反面说的句子，汉语则可以从正面来解释。 (5) 词类转换法 由于英汉两种语言的结构和表达方式不同，很多情况下，找不到意思对等而且词性相同的词语或短语，这时就必须根据英语的语言表达习惯，对词类进行转换。 (6) 增译法 在翻译时，有时为了使所翻译的译文更符合英语的表达习惯而增加一些必要的词语。指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 (7) 省译法 汉语中为了讲究句子的平衡、气势、韵调，常常使用排比、对仗、重复等修辞手段。因此汉语句子中，一些词或词组重复使用的现象和结构类似、含义相同的几个词组连用的现象是相当普遍的。因此在翻译时，原文中含义重复的词语往往只译出其中的一个。这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。 2. 语句层次 对单句的翻译有时还涉及到了语句层次上的技巧，其中包括： (1) 拆句法和合并法 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多;英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。 (2) 倒置法 汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。 (3) 成分转译法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，在具体英译汉时，有时往往需要转换一下句子成分，才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧，其内容和形式都比较丰富，运用范围也相当广泛：主语可以变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;谓语可以变成主语、定语、表语;定语可以变成状语、主语;宾语可以变成主语等等。以下是历年来的四级真题，供大家参考2006年6月17日87Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinwater_(不管是否加热)。 88Notonly_(他向我收费过高)，but he did not doagoodrepairjob either.89.Yourlossesintradethisyeararenothing_(与我的相比) 90.Onaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonly_(一半的钱)inadayinLeedsasinLondon.91.Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely_(把孩子的成功归因于)naturaltalent.答 案87 whether(itis)heatedornot 88 didhechargemetoomuch/didheoverchar89 comparedwithmine/incomparisonwithmine 90 halfasmuchmoney91 toattributetheirchildrenssuccessto/tohaveabeliefthattheirchildrenssuccessto 2006年6月24日 .87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路).88._(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher. 89.Theprofessorrequiredthat_(我们交研究报告)。 90.Themoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂). 91.Thoughaskilledworker,_(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.答 案 87findingthewaytothehistorymuseum 88Inordertosupportmyuniversitystudies(tofinancemyeducation) 89 wehandinourresearchreport(s) 90 themoreconfusedIam91 hewasfiredbythecompany2006年12月23日 87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto_(适应不同文化中的生活).88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89.Thevictim_(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime. 90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91.Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise_(以每年1200万人的速度). 答案87adapttolivesindifferentcultures/adapt(oneself)tolivingindifferentcultures 88nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading 89wouldhaveachancetosurvive 90mightfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome/mightfeellonelywhenawayfromhome 91attherateof12millionpeopleperyear/atthespeedof12millionpeopleeveryyear2007年6月23日 87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto_(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88.ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis_(我们可以合作的领域).89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete_(决定退出比赛).90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please_(按以下地址和我们联系).91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_(如果你方便的话).答案87 takepeoplessleepqualityintoaccount 88thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate 89 decidedtoquitthematch90 contactusatthefollowingaddress 91 ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience2007年12月22日87._(多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_(它更方便和省时). 91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)，答 案87 Owingto(或thanksto)aseriesofnewinventions 88Iamaptto或inclinedtobemoreeasilytiredthan before 89 nomatterwhatsacrificesIwillmake 90 theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving91 isweigheduponhowmuchtheycanborrow nothowmuchtheycanearn.2008年6月87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _ (能应用于新技术的开发)88. I cant boot my computer now. Something _ (一定出了毛病) with its operation system.89. Leaving ones job, _ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.90. _ (与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. _ (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.答 案 87.could be applied to the development of the new technology88.must be out of control89. no matter what kind of job it is/no matter what it is 90. Being compared with the place where I grew up/ Compared with the place where I grew up 91. Not until he had finished his mission接下来是一些练习题 希望能够帮助大家练练手 1.I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学)答案：1. keeping up with the rest of the class.2._(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.答案：2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样).答案：3. as was to be expected4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).答案：4. an art as it is a science5. Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.答案：5. could have made a good salary.6.Over a third of the population was estimated_(无法获得) to the health service.答案：6. to have no access7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.答案：7. to students being late for8. The price of beer_(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.答案：8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $49.Wed like _(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening. 答案：9. to reserve a table for10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻烦).答案：10. to make trouble11. It may be necessary to stop_(每隔时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.答案：11. at intervals 12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己).答案：12. injure himself13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙着准备) her examination.答案：13. busy preparing for14. The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.答案：14. had to be operated manually15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I_ (本来不必从银行借钱的)答案：15. neednt have borrowed it from the bank.16.By the time you get to New York, I_(已经动身去) London.答案：16. shall have left for17. Buying clothes_(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.答案：17. is often a very time-consuming job18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.答案：18. something was done/some measures were taken19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon_(克服了这种心理).答案：19. overcame it/got over it20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, youre_(挡路了).答案：20. in the way接着是一些翻译题中经常需要用的专有名词：1. 校园生活类：1) 大学学习类：application form 申请表 assignment 作业 instructor辅导老师 assessment (对学生的学习情况)评估 course arrangement 课程安排 credit 学分 dean 导师 enrolmentregister for 注册 oral examination 口试 graduate school 研究生院 letter of recommendation 推荐信 participation 出勤 postgraduate 研究生 president 校长 required coursecompulsory course 必修课 optional course 选修课 scoremark 分数 school of Arts and Sciences 文理学院 take an examinationsit an examination 参加考试 undergraduate 本科生2) 大学生活类：cafeteria 自助小餐厅 call slip 索书单 campus 校园 club 学生俱乐部 current account 现金帐户 current issues 本期刊物 back issues 过期刊物 catalogue 目录 deposit money in a bank 存钱 dining hall 食堂 dormitory 宿舍 lecture hall 阶梯教室 library card 借书卡 overdue and pay a fine 过期罚款 renew (借书)续借 shopping mallcentre 购物中心 society 学生社团 student union 学生会 withdrawdraw cash 取钱2. 交通旅游类：1) 交通规则类：crash 撞车 amber light 黄灯 cross road 十字路 drive without license 无证驾驶 excessive speed 超速 green light 绿灯 traffic jam 交通拥挤 narrow road 窄路 red light 红灯 parking place 停车场 speed limit 速度限制 traffic light 红绿灯 traffic police 交通警察 traffic regulation 交通规则 zebra stripes 斑马线2) 旅游类词汇：check-in 登记入住 check-out 结帐离开(退房) holiday resort 度假区one-way ticket 单程机票 place of sightseeing 游览胜地 room service 客房服务 round-trip ticket 来回机票 sightseeing tour 观光旅游 star-rated hotel 星级饭店 tour group 旅游团队 tour guide 导游 travel service 旅行社 vacation tour 度假旅游 tourist attraction 旅游胜地3)社会热点类：bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会 birth control 计划生育 brain drain 人才外流bubble economy 泡沫经济 care for senior citizens 关心老年人comprehensive national power 综合国力 compulsory education 义务教育 computer crime 电脑犯罪 divorce 离婚 dropout student 失学儿童 economic globalizationeconomic integration 经济全球化 education for all-round development 素质教育 exam-oriented education 应试教育 intellectual property rights 知识产权 juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪knowledge-based economy 知识经济 laid-off worker 下岗职工 migrant worker 民工net friend 网友 net citizen 网民 off line 下线 online love affair 网恋 people orientedpeople foremost 以人为本 pioneering spirit 首创精神 preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境 prime time 黄金时段 puppy love 早恋 rate of unemployment 失业率 rural population 乡村人口 self-protection awareness 自我保护意识 self-service ticketing 无人售票 shopping online 网上购物 single parent family 单亲家庭 surf the Internet 网上冲浪 sustainable development 可持续发展 team spirit 团队精神 reduce study load 学生减负 university students innovative undertaking 大学生创业 virtual net 虚拟网络 win-win situation 双赢局面 assistant president 总裁助理 eliminate illiteracy 扫盲 excusive agency 专卖店 New Human Being 新新人类 online trading platform 网上交易平台 cost of livingincome maintenance 生活费用 advance with times 与时俱进最后，这是我们准备的翻译必备句型翻译题目必背句型1.All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.2.After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.3.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.4.They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.5.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous.6.No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.7.Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.8.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.9.Your hair wants cutting,. Youd better have it done tomorrow.10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades.12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.13.Realizing that he hadnt enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.16.I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.19.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later.21.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.22.If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.23.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.24.All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.25.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.26.The girls being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.27.All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.28.While orbiting the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.29.The computer has