动名词的用法及练习题.doc

动名词的用法1动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is 和There is 两种句式来表示。例如：Its nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 Its no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按时准备好很困难。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。It is worthwhile consulting your teacher again.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。2）作宾语。作介词的宾语，或是一些及物动词的宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Lets go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。3）作表语 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等，可以和主语互换位置。例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。 动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”，表“主语是什么”而现在分词表语表示“主语是什么样的”。例如：The situation is very much encouraging.（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。4）作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于的”或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水 2，练习题、单项选择：1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughedD. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in3.They insisted on _ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here. - You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking5.His room needs _, so he must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；painting D. painted；painted6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.Only _ English doesnt mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself _ the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study11.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back12.As she is looking forward to _ from me, please remember _ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；post B. hearing；to postC. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing14.Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were15.We appreciate _ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to invite C. their invitingD. being invited16.Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? Im trying _ a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen18.Id like to suggest _ the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage _ the work without _.A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well.A. doing；being done B. doing；doingC. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted _ the work.A. finish B. to finishC. in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed _ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caught C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I _ it at home. Then I remembered _ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take B. may leave；takingC. might leave；to take D. could have left；taking25. _ the news of his fathe