福特汽车NVH(噪声)知识培训教材.ppt

1 1NVHOverviewNVH概论 FordMotorCompanyVehicleAttributesEngineering福特汽车公司整车设计部门 VehicleNVHAwareness J Juan M Haffey 1 WhatisNVH 什么是NVH呢 Noise whatthecustomerhears噪声 指的是顾客所能听到的声音 Soundmainlyinthe20HZ 10000HZfrequencyrange 声音的频率大体上在20赫兹到10000赫兹之间 Characterizedbyfrequency levelandquality 通过频率 级别和音质来描述 Vibration Whatthecustomerfellsandsees 振动 指的是顾客所感觉到的和看到的 Motionsensedbythebodymainlyinthe0 5HZ 50HZfrequencyrange 身体所能感知运动的频率范围通常在0 5赫兹到50赫兹之间 Characterizedbyfrequency levelanddirection 通过频率 振幅和方向来描述 Harshness Combinedeffectsofnoiseandvibration不舒适性 指的是噪声和振动的综合影响 Rough gratingordiscordantsensations 粗野的 刺耳的或不和谐的感觉 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 2 NVHmustfulfilllegalrequirements NVH必须满足法定的要求 NVHshouldprovidetheacoustical tactilefeedbackforsafeandconfidentdriving NVH应该使乘员在驾驶方面有安全和自信的感觉 Linktooperatingconditions 在各种操作环境 Connectiontoearth 在各种路面 NVHshouldavoidanynegativeperception NVH应该避免任何不好的感觉 unpleasant unrefined unexpected andannoyingevents 令人不愉快的 粗俗的 意料之外的和令人讨厌的事情 NVHcanexceedcustomerexpectations NVH应该能超过顾客的期望值 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 3 NVHObjectivesNVH的目标 NVHlinktocustomersatisfactionNVH反映了消费者满意的程度 TGR Pressreview examples TGR 媒体评论 例如 Fiestahasasurprisinglyquiet wellrefinedengine Fiesta有一台令人惊讶的安静而且舒适的发动机 F150 rideissmoothquietwiththe4 6L F150 乘坐舒适安静的4 6升发动机汽车 TGR ThingsGoneWrong20 30 ofTGWisNVHrelated TGR 所抱怨的事情20 30 抱怨的产生都是与NVH有关系的 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 4 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 5 NVHLinkstoCompanyProfitNVH关系着公司的利益 15 29 ofwarrantycosthasnoiseasaconditioncode 15 29 的保修的费用是花费在与噪声有关的 1994modelyear 36MIS warrantycostassociatedwithallnoisewas 346million 18 oftotalwarranty 94年型车 3年的在用车 在噪声方面的保修费用是3 46亿美元 占总费用的18 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 6 NVHLinkstoCompanyProfitNVH关系着公司的利益 NVHPrototypecostreductionopportunity COMBINEDCOSTBREAKDOWNPROTOTYPECOSTCONTRIBUTION综合成本明细样机花费的组成 TASE SAFETY NVH TASE 安全设备 NVH TotalCost 303M BaseonTASE Safety NVHCostofAttributeStudies总支出 3 03亿美元 基于TASE 安全 NVH的研究费用 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 7 SoundGenerationMechanism产生噪声的原理 Multiplemechanismsgenerateavariabilityofvehiclesound 汽车所产生噪声的原理是多种多样的 CombustionAirflow pumping燃烧气流 进排气ImpactsbetweencomponentsAirflow turbulences零件之间的撞击气流 液体或气体的 紊乱FrictioncontactofcomponentsSurfaceroughness构件之间的摩擦粗糙的表面RotatingpartsUnbalancemasses旋转的部件不平衡块FlowinpipesTireforcevariation在管中的流动轮胎压力的变化 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 8 VehicleSounds汽车的噪声 CombustionnoisewindnoiseGearrattleBearingknock燃烧的噪声风的噪声齿轮传动的声音轴承的敲击声DieselknockingSunroofnoiseGearwhineElectricwindows柴油机的敲击声遮阳顶棚的噪声齿轮的声音电动窗的噪声ValvetrainDoorslamGearlevertizzTirenoise气阀机构的噪声门的砰的声音变速杆换档的噪声轮胎的噪声FEADnoiseCentrallockingDrivelineclonkExhaustnoiseFEAD噪声中央门锁的噪声动力传动系统的噪声排气噪声PASnoiseSwitchnoiseDrivelinethrashSqueaksandrattles动力转向系统的声音开关的噪声动力传动系统的噪声吱吱声和喀嚓声FuelpumpnoiseIndicatortickingRoadnoiseWatersplashnoise燃油泵的噪声指示器的滴答声道路的噪声水溅的噪声AlternatorwhineWindscreenwipenoiseImpactharshnessIntakenoise交流发电机的噪声挡风玻璃的噪声撞击振动声通风口的噪声 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 9 NVHPhenomenaNVH现象 OPERATINGCONDITION操作环境 DESCRIPTION描述 SOURCE资源 Pass ByDecelerationCruiseAccelerationIdleStaring BoomRumbleGrowlWhineRattleSquealHiss EngineTransmissionExhaust intakeRoadWindTire VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 10 VehicleNoiseExamples汽车的噪声举例 WindNoise 80mphHST 1 12thOctaveSpectrum 风的噪声 80英里每小时的高速试验 1 12倍频程 分贝 频率 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 11 VehicleNoiseExamples汽车噪声举例 RoadNoise 40mphRoughRd NarrowSpectrum 道路噪声 40英里每小时在粗糙路面之上 窄频 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 12 VehicleNoiseExamples汽车噪声举例 PowerNoise WOT Loudness speechIntelligibility 动力系统噪声 WOT 响度以及说话的清晰度 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 13 SubjectiveImpression主观感受 Createdbythebrainbasedon 建立在头脑感觉的基础之上 database dataanalysis Thissoundslikeanengine 资料库 数据分析 这种噪声如同一台发动机 experience Ihaveheadavarietyofengines 经验 我听到了发动机的声音 bias hasneverbuiltgoodengines 偏见 从来没有生产过好的发动机 CompanyusesVERStoproduceconsistentratings 公司用定额指标的方法生产产品 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 14 Subjective ObjectiveCorrelation主观与客观的相互关系 Objectivemeasureisrequiredfortargetsetting cascading 客观的方法需要满足目标的设置和层次 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 15 RoadNVHTargetCascade道路NVH目标层次 RoadNVH 1 BodyAcoustic Vibrationsensitivities 4 AirborneNoise 3 StructureborneNVH 2 SuspensionForceInputinBody 5 PointMobiles 8 BodyModes 9 BodyStructure 10 PanelDamping NoiseIsolation 11 SeatVibrationTransmissibility 12 Seatmodes 13 SleepingcolumnVIBSensitivity 14 Powertrainmodes 15 Body Frame SubframeForceTransmissibility 16 SuspensionForceTransmissibility 19 Body Frame SubframeMounts 17 Frame SubframeModes 18 SuspensionMounts 20 SuspensionFriction sticktion 21 ShockDamping 22 SuspensionGeometry 23 Road TireContactforce 26 TireProperties 27 TirePressure 28 TireSize AspectRatio 29 TireModes 30 WheelModes 31 StrutModes 30 ImbalanceForce 32 SoundPackageNoiseReduction 6 TireRadiatedNoise 7 BarrierTransmissionLoss 33 Absorption 42 Carpet 43 SeatMaterial 44 Headliner 45 Wheelhouse 38 Floor 39 SidePanel 40 Glass 41 Lockage 34 AreaofHoles pass Through 35 WheelModes 36 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 16 RoadNVHDesignGuidelines道路NVH设计指导 Reducebodynoisetransferfunctions 5 1 增加车身附件刚性 衬套刚性比 5 1 Assuregoodmodalseparation 保证好的模态分离 separatemajorbodymodesandacousticcavities 分离主要的车体模态和有声音的 separatebodymodesfromsuspensionmodes 分离车体模式中的悬挂部分 separatewheelmodesfromtiremodes 把车轮和车胎分离开来 Reducetire wheelunbalanceandtireradiatednoise 减少车胎 轮不平衡性和车胎的辐射噪声 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 17 VehicleAttributesCompatibility车辆的兼容特性 VehicleNVHAwareness 1 1NVHOverview 18 CourseExpectedOutcomes课程预期的结果 Understandingandappreciationofeachmajorsystem sinfluenceonNVH 理解和正确评价各个主要系统对NVH的影响 UnderstandingofdesignconceptandguidelinesforNVHandtheirtrade offswithothervehicleattributes 理解NVH的设计观念和指导方法以及其和车辆其它属性的协调 Understandingofengineeringbestpracticesandappropr