电影分级制度根据影片内容来规定和划分适合观赏的年龄段.doc

Wu Mei Niang Legends episodes recently re-broadcast because of chest is too much after being reviewed Chinese radio and television sector, concubine who all shot below the neck was cut, it was on the international media headlines. Now in China and the US drama, drama and popular drama, American TV broadcasting have enjoyed reviewing the shelf, and that these countries drama with Chinese audit system the same? How grading it? 武媚娘传奇近日复播的剧集中因“胸器太多”被中国广电部门审查后，妃子们脖子以下的镜头全部被剪，也一度登上国际媒体头条。如今在中国美剧、韩剧和日剧颇受欢迎，美剧也曾因广电下架审查，那这些国家的电视剧跟中国审核制度一样吗?又如何分级呢?电影分级制度根据影片内容来规定和划分适合观赏的年龄段。它的初衷是为了保护儿童和青少年，以便区分其等级和适宜度，起到指导看片的作用。但是有时候，在商业利益面前，电影分级制度无能为力。很多片商不顾电影分级制度，一味向青少年观众推销暴力、色情电影。而且色情与非色情，暴力与情色，这些概念的界定也有一定的难度。许多国家如美国、英国、日本等都有完善的电影分级制度。在大多数国家，电影分级制度不具有法律效力，但在行业内部具有约束力，只对观众起提示的作用，而把选择权交给了观众，由观众实行自我保护。中国内地暂不实行电影分级制度。Film classification system refers to the sheet plant products according to their content is divided into several stages, each stage ordained to allow the people to face the group, appeared film classification system is primarily intended to educate youth development, in order to distinguish its rank and suitability. Acts as guide to see films.Film Classification is a standard, is a reference value. According to the provisions of the content of the film and divided for watching age. Film Classification is essentially treated as spectator services. Film classification system is not 100% accurate, its original intention was to protect children and adolescents. But sometimes, in the face of commercial interests, the film classification system powerless. Many film-makers, regardless of the film classification system, sell blindly violent, pornographic films to young audiences. And the non-pornographic pornography, violence and erotic define these concepts have some difficulty.Many countries such as the United States, Britain, Japan and others have a sound film classification system. In most countries, the film classification system does not have the force of law, but within the industry binding only acts prompted the audience, and the choice to the audience, the implementation of self-protection by the audience. Mainland China to waive the film classification system.美国美国的MPAA，它的全称为The Motion Picture Association of America即“美国电影协会”，总部在加利福尼亚州(Encino,California）。这个组织成立于1922年American MPAA, its called the The Motion Picture Association of America or American Film Institute, is headquartered in California (Encino, California). The organization was founded in 1922MPAA film rating system developed works as follows:G级(GENERAL AUDIENCES All ages admitted.）：大众级，所有年龄均可观看大众级，适合所有年龄段的人观看该级别的电影内容可以被父母接受，影片没有裸体、性爱场面，吸毒和暴力场面非常少。对话也是日常生活中可以经常接触到的。PG级(PARENTAL GUIDANCE SUGGESTED Some material may not be suitable for children.）：普通级， 建议在父母的陪伴下观看，有些画面可能让儿童产生不适感。辅导级，一些内容可能不适合儿童观看该级别的电影基本没有性爱、吸毒和裸体场面，即使有时间也很短，此外，恐怖和暴力场面不会超出适度的范围。PG-13级(PARENTS STRONGLY CAUTIONED Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.）：特别辅导级，13岁以下儿童尤其要有父母陪同观看，一些内容对儿童很不适宜该级别的电影没有粗野的持续暴力镜头，一般没有裸体镜头，有时会有吸毒镜头和脏话。R级(RESTRICTED Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.）：限制级，17岁以下观众要求有父母或成人陪同观看该级别的影片包含成人内容，里面有较多的性爱、暴力、吸毒/过分血腥等场面和脏话。该类影片在部分国家上映时，会被评为15岁、16岁以下禁止观赏的影片。NC-17级(NO ONE 17 AND UNDER ADMITTED）：17岁以下（含）观众禁止观看该级别的影片被定为成人影片，未成年人坚决被禁止观看。影片中有清楚的性爱场面，大量的吸毒或暴力镜头以及脏话等，不适宜在影院播放。一般这样的电影会流失一部分青少年观众。迪士尼2010年的3D影片爱丽丝梦游奇境就是PG级。PG之上是PG-13级。这一级是警告家长说，这部影片有可能包括不适合13岁以下儿童观看的内容，比如不算严重的暴力、裸体、性感、粗话等等。只 要影片有吸毒内容，至少就会定为PG-13。这个级别不是说13岁以下儿童一概不许观看，而是提醒家长要多留意。2009年风靡全球的3D大片阿凡达在美国影院的评级就是PG-13。2010年上映的3D影片诸神之战也是PG-13。在PG-13以上是R级，也就是“限制级”。如果评级委员会认为电影里有一些成人内容，包括不断出现暴力、裸体、吸毒或粗话等等，就会把电影定成R 级。这是严肃提示家长：一定要更多了解这部影片再决定是否允许孩子观看。没有家长或成年监护人的陪伴，17岁以下未成年人不得进入影院观看R级电影。评级 人员还强烈建议家长不要让年龄幼小的儿童观看这类电影。2010年赢得奥斯卡最佳影片的拆弹部队是R级。最为儿童不宜的级别是NC-17，这是“不许17岁以下未成年人观看”的意思。NC-17的评级不意味着“淫秽”或“色情”，但是影片中的暴力、 性、变态或吸毒等成人内容，对未成年人来说实在“太猛”。电影院会提醒观众：您要想看这个级别的电影，就必须把孩子留在家里花钱请人照看了。电影协会最初 实行这种评级时，使用的标记是X级。由于X符号没有进行商标专利注册，色情影片制作商推衍出XXX级来炒作他们的电影。为了避免和XXX电影沾亲带故，美 国电影协会在1990年改用NC-17的标识。2007年的李安电影色戒在美国影院上映时的分级就是NC-17。日本早期日本电影的分级主要着重在管制裸露及性行为的画面，对于暴力、恐怖片的管制比较不注重。后来日本社会于1990年代发生过一些震撼社会恐怖杀人案件后，才开始注意到暴力和恐怖电影的分级问题。现行日本的电影分级制度是1998年制定的，一共分为四级：G级：没有任何限制G-12：12岁以下的人要有家长陪同才可观看剧情包含性、暴力、恐怖、以及儿童可能会模仿的不良行为的电影。R15+：15岁以下禁止入场剧情包含比较深度的性、暴力、恐怖、集团排挤、以及青少年可能会模仿的不良行为的电影。R18+：18岁以下禁止入场剧情包含比较深度的性、暴力、恐怖、青少年可能会模仿的不良行为、鼓励使用毒品的表现、反社会行为的电影。Early grade Japanese film mainly focuses on the control screen nudity and sex, for violence, horror film does not focus on the control of comparison. Later, in the 1990s, Japanese society has undergone some shocking social terror killings, the violence began to notice grading and horror movies.Japans existing film classification system was established in 1998, is divided into four levels:Grade G: there are no restrictionsG-12: a person under 12 years of age must be accompanied by parents before watching the story contains sex, violence, terror, and the bad behavior of children may imitate movies.R15 +: 15 years of age prohibit admission plot contains comparative depth of sex, violence, terror, group exclusion, as well as film teenagers might mimic bad behavior.R18 +: 18 years of age prohibit admission plot contains inappropriate behaviors in the depths of sex, violence, terror, young people may imitate, encourage the use of drugs of performance, film antisocial behavior.韩国韩国于1998年建立电影分级制度。规定电影分为5个等级：全民、12岁以上、15岁以上、18岁以上可以观看和限制放映（19岁以上可以观看）。每部电影的等级由民间组成的影像物等级委员会进行评级。KoreaSouth Korea set up the film classification system in 1998. Provision film is divided into five levels: national, 12 years old, 15 years old, 18 years or older can watch and restrictions show (19 years and above to watch). Each movie rating by the private member image was grade committee rating.Based on age, as a mark of letters and numbers used to remind parents of the television program is suitable for children to watch. Mark in television ratings, each station will attach some letters to make a more specific tips for parents, for example, L stands for the language, S representative, V on behalf of violence. 以年龄为基础，用字母和数字做为标记来提醒家长该电视节目是否适合孩子观看。在电视分级标记中，各台还会附加一些字母来为家长做出更具体的提示，比如，L代表语言，S代表性，V代表暴力。美剧的分级制度：注意左上角出现的提示信息目前，美国电视分级制度是在1996年由全国广播电视联盟、全国有线电视联盟和美国电影协会(著名的MPAA)共同制定的。这些分级信息一般都会出现在美国的ABC、NBC、FOX等各大美国电视台(广播电视公司)播出的节目片头，起初是每一个小时屏幕上会出现一次提示，现在由ABC电视公司发起，电视剧中间的每节广告结束后也会出现一次，时间是10-15秒(实际显示时间大约是10-15秒，有些电视台并没有严格执行标准)。钟爱美剧的你是否有注意到每一集开始时屏幕左上角出现的提示信息呢?电视节目总共分为以下7个等级：US drama grading system: Note upper left corner of the messageCurrently, the US television ratings system in 1996 by the National Radio and Television Union, the National Union and the MPAA cable (the famous MPAA) developed jointly. These ratings information usually appears in the American ABC, NBC, FOX and other major US television (Broadcasting Corporation) aired titles, initially will appear on the screen once every hour prompt, now sponsored by the ABC television company, TV will also appear in the middle of each section after the end of advertising, the time is 10-15 seconds (actual display time is about 10-15 seconds, some television and there is no strict implementation of standards). Favorite American TV if you have noticed the upper left corner of the screen that appears when the message of each episode start?TV show total is divided into the following seven levels: 通过这种方式我们可以直观的了解各个节目的适宜人群，美剧模式是边拍边放，那么收视率低、反响不好的话就会被砍。This way we can visually understand appropriate crowd each program, the US drama mode is are shot put, so low ratings, the response is not good, it would cut.日剧的分级制度：赞助广告商就成了电视剧的“监督人”日本有电视内容审查制度，但不是以审查播放内容为主的，文字材料的备案远没有中国严格。日本电视内容审查主要是在宏观上把握日本各大电视台分布的。Drama grading system: Sponsored advertisers became drama supervisorJapan TV content censorship, but not to review the broadcast content-based filing written material is far from China strictly. Japanese TV content review mainly at the macro grasp the major Japanese television distribution.韩剧分级制度：片头会有五档分级提示一向为中国公众所熟知的分级制度是电影分级，然而在韩国不仅电影有分级，连电视剧、唱片也有分级。而韩国的电视剧分级制是在继韩国电影分级制之后产生的。韩国的电视剧分级制实行时间并没有多长，但实行的速度很快。Drama grading system: five-speed classification titles will promptHas always been known for the Chinese public film classification system is hierarchical, not only in Korea but the movie has a grade, even the TV series, the record is also graded. South Korea drama classification system is in following the Korean film classification system generated. Korean dramas classification system did not how long implementation time, but the implementation is fast.其中韩国政府对所有电视节目实行了分级管理，分为“7岁”、“12岁”、“15岁”、“19岁”、“所有人”五个级别。细心的观众可能会在韩剧的片头，可以发现很多片头会有分级提示，代表该年龄以下观众不宜收看。从现实意义上说，对于家长指导未成年收视，也具有很好的指导作用。比如热门周播剧基本都属于“12”或“15”这两个级别，因为要想在黄金时段播出，必须适宜全家老少一起观看，内容要温情健康小清新。比如星你中都叫兽守身如玉四百年，就算遇上真爱千颂依也没能跨越雷池一步，让无数观众看得白抓挠心。而事实上，韩国“广电”对于电视剧中的亲密镜头有着严格的限定，像上床这一幕是韩国“广电”政策不允许的!除了色情镜头，像夜叉、水木葬等这些含有暴力元素的电视剧也被归为“19禁”。 In which the South Korean government to implement all the television programs of hierarchical management, divided into 7 years old, 12 years old, 15 years old, 19