小学英语知识点归纳总结.doc

XINYANGJIAOYU现在进行时表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now，listen，look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am，is，are)+动词ing。如：It is raining now。外面正在下雨。Look! The children are having a running race now。看！孩子们正在赛跑。问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not。2一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often，usually，sometimes，always，every day(week year) on Sundays等词连用。如：We have an English lesson every day。我们每天都要上英语课。Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do。男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的。问句借助于do，does否定句借助于dont，doesnt，后面动词一定要还原。3一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now，a moment ago， ago，yesterday，last ( week，month，year，Monday，weekend)，this morning等词连用。结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was，were）或主语+动词的过去式。注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如：My earphones were on the ground just now。我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a camp。你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了。What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm。你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didnt后面动词还原。4一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow，next week(year，Tuesday)，this week( weekend，evening，afternoon，)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am，is，are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic。你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week。孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening。Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not。5情态动词can，cant，should，shouldnt，must，may后一定加动词原形。如：The girl cant swim, but he can skate。女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰。Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully。不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。6祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以dont加动词原形开头。如：Open the box for me，please。请为我打开盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow。刘涛，明天请早点起床！Dont walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！Helen! Dont climb the tree,please。海伦！不要爬树。7go的用法去干嘛用go +动词ing如: go swimming；go fishing；go skating；go camping；8比较than 前用比较级；asas之间用原级。如：My mother is two years younger than my father。我妈比我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben。刘涛跳得和本一样远。9喜欢做某事用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。如： Su Yang likes growing flowers。苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival。孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。10想要做某事用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。例：Id like to visit the History Museum。=I want to visit the History Museum。11some用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any，但当表示委婉语气时仍用。如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?12代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后。如：Open them for me.Let us , join me等。宾格分别是me, you, him, her, it ,us, you, them。形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my ,your, his, her, its, our, your, their。名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours ,theirs。13介词介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式。如：be good at running；14时间介词季节前，月份前用介词in。如：in summer；in March。具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on。如：on Saturday; on the second of April；on Wednesday morning。在几点钟前用介词at。如： at a quarter to four；只在上下午晚上用in。如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening；但在夜间用at night。另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the。15名词复数构成的方法有规则的有：（1）直接在名词后加s；如orangeoranges; photophotos；（2）以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es；如：boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach-peaches；（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es；如：studystudies；librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;（4）以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为ves如：knifeknives; thiefthieves（注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,）。不规则的有：manmen; womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren。16动词第三人称单数的构成1、直接在动词后加s；如：runruns; dancedances；2、以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es；如：dodoes;gogoes;washwashes;catchcatches；3、以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es。如：studystudies; carrycarries。17现在分词的构成1、直接在动词后加ing；如：singsinging; skiskiing;2、双写词尾加ing；如：swimswimming; runrunning;3、以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing；如：rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking。18规则动词过去式的构成有规则的有：（1）直接在动词后加ed；如：cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;（2）以e结尾的直接加d；如：dancedanced; tastetasted;（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed；如：studystudied; carrycarried;（4）双写词尾加ed。如：stopstopped; jogjogged。不规则的有：am, iswas; arewere; do, doesdid; have,hashad; gowent; meetmet; sitsat; seesaw; getgot; telltold; runran; comecame; stealstole; readread。19形容词副词比较级的构成有规则的有：（1）直接在形容词或副词后加er；如；smallsmaller; lowlower;（2）以e结尾的加r；如：latelarer;（3）双写词尾加er；如：bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;（4） 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er。如：heavyheavier; earlyearlier。不规则的有：good, wellbetter(最高级为best); many, much- more(最高级为most); far-farther。20rain与snow的用法1、作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词。如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。2、作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：动词原形rain， snow；第三人称单数rains ，snows；现在分词raining； snowing过去式rained； snowed;如：Look! It is raining now。瞧！天正在下雨。It often rains in Nantong in summer。南通夏天经常下雨。 It rained yesterday。昨天下了雨。It is going to rain tomorrow。明天要下雨。3、形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的。如：It is often rainy here in spring。这儿的春天经常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home。如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。21比较级注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。如：My eyes are bigger than hers。Your school bag is heavier than mine。My computer is nicer than Nancys。My brother is stronger than me。22have, has表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数)；There is/ are;There was/ were 表示某地存在有注意There be 句型的就近原则单数或不可数用there is /was;复数用there are/ were。23本身就是复数的词眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。如：My glasses were on the chair just now。但如果表示这双，这副，一双的时候用单数。如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate。This pair of earphones is for you。24五个元音字母分别是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu。25一个的用法a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如：There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word student。26时间表示法有两种：1、直接读时钟和分钟。如：6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five。2、用to与past表示。在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点；如：6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分。如：7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten。27基数词变序数词的方法基变序有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigheighth; nineninth; five- fifth ;twelvetwelfth）；ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twentytwentieth；fortyfortieth);几十几十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty-first）。另外强调序数词前一定要加the。28日期的表示法用the+序数词+ of +月如：三月三日 the third of March;12月25日 the 25th of December。29both，allboth 表示两者都。如：My parents are both teachers。all 表示三者以上都。如：The students are all very excited。30节日的表示法有day的节日前用on；没有day的节日前用at。如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day。31比较两者比较用比较级，三者以上比较用最高级。如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does。谁跑得更快，男孩还是女孩？男孩。Which season do you like best? I like autumn best。你最喜欢哪个季节？我最喜欢秋天。Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better。你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？我更喜欢冬天。32动词还原的用法前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面动词要还原。如：Did she watch TV last night?Helen doesnt like taking photos。33到了到达用get to。