第六章、推理判断题命题思路透析.doc

第六章、推理判断题命题思路透析.txt看一个人的的心术，要看他的眼神；看一个人的身价，要看他的对手；看一个人的底牌，要看他的朋友。明天是世上增值最快的一块土地，因它充满了希望。第六章、推理判断题命题思路透析Part I、命题规律透析 推理判断题主要用来考查考生的推理和判断的能力。它与细节题不同，一般题干所问的问题在阅读文章中没有直接且清晰的表述，因此不能在文章中找到现成的答案，而是要根据文章提供的信息来进行推理。考生需要综合利用文章中提供的细节、事实并根据上下文提供的线索进行逻辑分析，尤其要读透文章字里行间的含义，即透过表面认识本质，从而通过自己的推理、判断和引申来得出正确的认识。推理判断题涉及的文章内容可能是一句话或几句话、可能是一个或者两三个段落、甚至也可能是整篇文章。因此，推理判断题有较大的难度，也是考生失分较多的地方。 但是，考生要记住的是，推理判断题考查的都是最简单的推理判断能力，不会涉及到复杂的推理和判断。推理判断题的题干中一般都包含了若干标志性词汇，如suggest, imply, infer, show, conclude, assume, learn, see等，比较容易判断。在做题时，一个总的原则就是要以原文的内容为依据，既不能原搬照抄原文的意思，也不能撇开原文的信息做空想的推理判断。也就是说，做推理判断题的关键方法在于综合分析原文中提供的相关信息，在此基础上进行paraphrase。 根据推理判断题的性质和出题范围，我们可以大致把这种题型分为三种类别：1、局部推理题，即考查对于文章细节内容的判断能力，如上文所说，其对应的内容可以是文章的一句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落，是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题，题干中经常包含了以下一些词汇，如the author believes that, the author implies that, according to the author等。2、全文推理题，这种题型一般不是考查对于全文中心思想的推理，同样也是考查对细节的推理，只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各个角落，需要考生进行全面的归纳，同时题干中也经常包含了以下词汇， 如we can learn from the passage that, we can imply from the text that等。3、判断题，这种题型是细节题和推理题的综合 ，一般的问法为which of the following is TURE，或者Which of the following is NOT true等，即正向判断和反向判断两种方式，要求考生找到符合原文信息的选项，而且四个选项所涉及的内容可能分布在文章各个段落，需要考生迅速定位并进行推理判断。推理判断题常见表达方式1、局部推理题It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that . (2007)It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . (2007)We can conclude from the last paragraph that . (2007)What can be inferred about intelligence testing from paragraph 3? (2007)It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that . (2006)We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that . (2006)What can we infer from the last paragraph? (2005)The statement “it is all too monkey” (last line, paragraph 1) implies that . (2005)Cartwright seems to suggest that . (2005)What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams? (2005)According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English . (2005)The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authors . (2005)According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “China” a s . (2005)The 4th paragraph suggests that . (2004)Emerson, according to the text, is probably . (2004)What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? (2003)It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that . (2003)It can be learned from paragraph 4 that . (2003)The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are . (2002)From paragraph four we can infer that . (2001)The author believes that Futurist poetry is . (2000)It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . (1999)Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that . (1999)According to the author, basic computer skills should be . (1999)The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that . (1999)The author asserts that scientists . (1999)The author implies that the results of scientific research . (1999)In the view of Net purists, . (1999)It seems that some young scientists . (1999)We can conclude from the available statistics that . (1998)The author believe that . (1998)From the last paragraph we can infer that . (1997)It could be inferred from the last paragraph that . (1997)From the second paragraph we learn that . (1997)2、全文推理题The text suggests that immigrants now in the US . (2006)We can infer from the text that Americans have a history of . (2004)From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is . (2003)It can be inferred from the text that public services . (2002)We can infer from the passage that . (2001)What can be inferred from the passage? (2000)It could be inferred from the passage that in the authors country the European model of professional training is . (1999)3、判断题Which of the following maybe required in an intelligence test? (2007)Which of the following is true of the text? (2006)To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely to agree? (2005)Which of the following is true according to the text? (2004) Which of the following is true according to the text? (2004)Which of the following statements is true according to the text? (2002)Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1? (2001)Which of the following is true according to the author? (2000)The panel agreed on all of the following EXCEPT that . (1999)Which of the following is true according to the passage? (1998)Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? (1998)According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? (1997)According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? (1997)推理判断题常见出题位置1、文章的第一段和最后一段，以及每个段落的第一句话和最后一句话。2、某个或者某些段落的主题句（可能不是该段落的首句和末句）。3、文章中与中心思想关系密切的、起到重要支持作用的细节。4、文章中表示起承转合的词汇：如but, however, on the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, indeed, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas, by comparison, so, therefore等。5、文章中出现的特殊句型，如同位语、定语、状语、虚拟语气、插入语、不定式、分词、各种从句如定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等。6、文章中表示强调或递进关系的词语：如also, as well, even, indeed, even more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, most of all等。推理判断题正确答案选项的特点1、正确答案一般其内容的含义比较丰富，更加具有综合性和概括性，尤其是当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思的时候，意义最丰富的那个选项往往是正确答案。2、正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，不会用绝对词汇，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。3、正确答案有的时候反而是与我们通过常识判断得出的结论是相反的。因此，如果四个选项中有三个看上去与常识的判断相符，而余下的那一个却是反常识的，那么那个选项往往是正确答案。推理判断题干扰答案选项的特点1、选项中意思虽然与原文相符，但是只是涉及一些细枝末节，不符合题干。2、选项中出现表示绝对意义的词汇。3、选项内容符合常识判断，但是却无法通过文章的内容推导出来。4、选项内容与原文无关。5、选项对文章内容作了张冠李戴的处理。6、选项对文章内容作了偷换概念的处理，使用了与文章一样的词汇但是却改变了其含义。7、选项将原文的逻辑关系作了颠倒处理，比如把因果关系中的因和果进行对调。8、选项是对原文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论。9、选项的内容纯属主观臆断得出的结论，文章根本没有提及。推理判断题解题方法 要做好推理判断题，要求考生能够充分理解阅读文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。考生应该在领会全文的基础