牛津版高中英语必修3课件：Unit2《Grammar》1.ppt

grammar usage unit1 nounclauses名词性从句 一 名词性从句概述 名词性从句相当于一个名词 可以在复合句中充当主语 宾语 表语和同位语 相应地称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 主语从句 ithink that heisright 宾语从句 thatiswherehewasborn 表语从句 weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 同位语从句 二 名词性从句的构成 1 陈述型 由陈述句转化而来 由that引导 在表语从句 宾语从句中可以省略 heisright ithinkso ithink that heisright 2 一般疑问型 由一般疑问句转化而来 由whether if引导 但if只用于宾语从句 willitraintomorrow idon tknow idon tknowwhether ifitwillraintomorrow 3 特殊疑问型 由特殊疑问句转化而来 引导词即为它们的特殊疑问词 whenwilltheystart ithasnotbeendecidedyet whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 共同特点 全部用陈述句语序 三 名词性从句的分类 一 主语从句 1 主语从句在复合句中从当主语 2 连接词 that whether是否 连接代词who 谁 what which 哪一个 连接副词when 何时 的时候 where 何地 的地方 how 如何 why 为什么 的原因 等 thatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeopleisafact that不做成分 只起连接作用 不可省 whatweneedismoretime whowillgothereisnotimportant 3 主语从句放在句首时 句子显得笨重 可以用it作形式主语 thatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeopleisafact itisafactthatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeople 4 主语从句不可位于句首的几种情况 1 itdoesn tmatterhow whether itdoesn tmatterwhetherhelikesornot 2 itissaid reported that itissaidthatwewillhaveanexamnextweek 3 ithappens occurstosb that ithappenstohimthathehasforgottentolockthedoor 二 宾语从句1 宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语 2 连接词 that 一般可省 whether if连接代词who what which连接副词when where how why等 3 作宾语的几种情况 1 作动词的宾语iwish that shecouldunderstandme ithink that heisright 2 作介词的宾语whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwecooperate 注 介词后的宾语从句不能由that引导 但在in execpt后可由that引导 theproblemliesinthatthemistmaybecomeathickfog 介词后的宾语从句由whether引导 不用if wetalkedaboutwhetherwewouldbuythetv 3 作形容词的宾语iamafraidthatihavemadeamistake 4 it作形式宾语hehasmadeitclearthathewon tagreetotheplan 他说得很清楚 他不会同意这个计划的 三 表语从句1 表语从句在复合句中充当系动词的表语 2 系动词 be look remain seem appear等 3 连接词 that 一般可省 whether asif连接代词who what which连接副词when where how why等 itseemsthat asifitisgoingtorain thisiswhyjackgotscolded 这就是杰克受训斥的原因 thatiswherehewasborn 那就是他出生的地方 常用结构 thereason isthat 不用because it this that isbeacuse thereason whyhedidn tcome isthatheisill iwaslateforschool thatisbecauseigotuplatethismorning 四 同位语从句1 同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语 对名词作进一步的解释 说明名词的具体内容 weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 2 能接同位语从句的名词有 idea news fact promise doubt belief hope rumour suggestion information conclusion evidence problem order decision explanation opinion等 3 同位语从句一般由that引导 that在从句中不做成分 不可省略 有时也可以用whether if what which who when where why how引导 theyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain youhavenoideahowworriediwas 你不知道我是多么地担心 thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome 注 有时同位语从句 可以不跟在它所说明的名词的后面 而是被别的词隔开 anideacametohermindthatshemightgoshoppingthisafternoon 4 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 从语法的角度 定语从句的that既代替先行词 又在从句中作成分 主语 宾语 表语 that作宾语时 可以省略 而同位语从句的that只起连接主从句的作用 不充当任何成分 且不可省 itisafactthathehasdoneherbest itisafact thatwehaveheard 从语义的角度 定语从句相当于形容词 与先行词是所属关系 而同位语从句相当于名词 等同于前面的名词 是同位关系 对名词作补充说明 定语从句中的先行词可以是表示抽象概念或具体概念的词 而同位语从句中的名词表示抽象概念的词 1 ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem yes itcouldbe iwonder wecandoaboutit a ifb howc whatd that2 isnopossibility bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch a there thatb it whatc there whetherd it whether 3 acomputercanonlydo youhaveinstructedittodo a howb afterc whatd when4 canyoutellme a whoisthatgentlemanb thatgentlemaniswhoc whothatgentlemanisd whomisthatgentleman 5 hedidn tknowwhichroom a theylivedb theylivedinc didtheylived didtheylivein6 togetthejobstarted ineedisfromhere a whichb c whatd that 7 insomecountries iscalled equality doesn treallymeanequalrightsforallpeople a whichb whatc thatd one8 goandgetyourcoat it s youleftit a thereb wherec therewhered wherethere 9 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness a whatb whoc thatd whether10 thereason iplantogois shewillbedisappointed idon t a why because whenb why that ifc because that ifd why that whether 11 canidowithasituation take measureyouconsiderbest how whicheverb what whateverc how whateverd what whichever12 shesaidsuggestedthatshehadn tdecided togoornot a what ifb that whetherc what whetherd whether what 13 hemadeapromise anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich a thatb ifc whatd thatif14 wouldliketodevotehiswholelifetohiscountryshouldgo thereareallkindsofdifficulties a who somewhereb whoever wherec whatever anywhered who there 15 canisitinthefrontrow yes youcantake seatyoulike a whateverb whatc whicheverd which16 theylosttheirwayintheforestand mademattersworsewas nightbegantofal