Reading(3)：Notjustwatchingafilm….doc

INSIGHT INTO SENTENCES（一）【原句1】RealCine works by making the users feel that they are really in a new world a world that does not exist except in a computer program. (P 42 )【译文】RealCine的工作原理是让用户感到他们实际上是在一个新世界 一个只存在于电脑程序中的世界。【解读】except意为“除之外，除了”，其后可跟名词、代词、介词短语（如原句所示）、动词不定式以及从句等。如：The museum is open daily except Monday.Everyone except me got an invitation.He wouldnt talk about work, except to say that he was busy.They look very similar except that one is a little taller.注意：如果except之前含有动词do（包括do的各种形式），则其后通常接动词原形。如：There was little I could do except wait.Hes done nothing all day except sit around and watch television.【辨析】1. except, besides, buta. except表示“除了”的内容被排除在句子所表述的事情之外；b. besides表示其后的内容是已知的情况，是接着补充其他的情况，也就是说， “除了”的内容被包括在句子所表示事情的范围之内。翻译时，通常要用“也”、“还”等与之呼应。c. but表示“除了”，从语法特点上说，通常只能用在no, none, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, everyone 以及who, what, where等词之后；从语义上说，表示“排除”、 “不包含”的意思。通过例句比较：Everyone passed except Richard.除理查德考试不及格外，其余的人都及格了。Everyone passed besides Richard.除理查德外，其余的人也都及格了。Nobody else but Robert could ever say such a thing.除了罗伯特没人能说这样的话。注意：在否定句中，except与besides的区别就消失了。如：No one passed except / besides Richard.除了理查德之外，谁也没有考及格。2. except, except for位于句首时，要使用except for，不能用except。如：Except for me, everyone was tired.Except for Rachel, we all attended the meeting.【小试牛刀】I. 从括号内选择正确的选项完成下列句子。1. The play was badly acted _ (except / besides) being far too long.2. I don t know much about the man, _ (except / but) that hes a writer.3. _ (Except / Except for) special exhibitions, most museums in the United States have no admission charge.II. 英译汉。1. The two books are the same except that this one has an answer key at the back._2. The meal was excellent except for the first course._3. He had other people to take care of besides me._4. There will be five of us for dinner, besides John._【原句2】I recommend the government use this technology in the future planning of this city. (P 43 )【译文】我建议政府在未来的城市规划中运用这种技术。【解读】recommend后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。英语中表示要求、建议、命令等意义的词，其后的that从句中要使用虚拟语气。这类词包括：1. order, insist, recommend, require, request, suggest 等动词。如：He ordered that all the books (should) be sent at once.The situation required that he (should) be present.2. advisable, desirable, essential, necessary 等形容词。如：It is advisable that children (should) be kept out of the sun altogether.It is necessary that he (should) come back immediately.3. advice, order, requirement, suggestion, recommendation 等名词。如： Your advice that she (should) wait till next week is reasonable.They didnt like my suggestion that we (should) all share the cost.【小试牛刀】根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。1. 有人建议直到所有的准备工作都已经完成再启动该项目。It is recommended that the project _ _ _ until all the preparations have been made.2. 你最好精通计算机知识。It is desirable that you _ _ some familiarity with computers.3. 对于医生让他减肥的忠告，他就没放在心上。He ignored the doctors advice that he _ _.4. 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。I insist that you _ _ _ to put this right.答案【原句1】I. 1. besides 2. except 3. Except forII. 1. 除了这本书后面有参考答案以外, 这两本书完全一样。2. 这顿饭除了第一道菜稍差些以外，整体来说味道不错。3. 除了我之外，还有其他人需要他照顾。4. 除约翰外, 还有我们五个人要一起吃饭。【原句2】1. not be started2. should have 3. lose weight4. take immediate action（二）【原句1】As they were wandering around, they noticed a man sitting against a tree in the distance he was at least four metres tall. (P 58 )【译文】当他们到处转悠时，发现远处有一个人背靠着树坐着 那个人至少四米高。【解读】本句中的against表示位置，意为“靠着”。除了表示位置，against还可意为“逆着，对着；对照，对比；衬托；反对；以备，以防”。如： Now our car is running against the wind. After getting the package, she checked the contents of the box against the list. It is important to know what colours look good against your skin. Every club member is against the plan. Many people admit that they are saving money against old age. Those clothes dont give you much protection against the cold.【拓展】含against的常见固定短语有：1. go against 违背，反对，抵制。如： What I see here goes against everything Ive been brought up to believe in.2. inform against告发。如： One thief informed against the others and the police soon solved the case.3. turn against 转为反对。如： Louis turned against his former partner and withdrew his money.4. speak out against 公开发言反对。如： The man spoke out against some of the reasons for selling the company.【原句2】They set sail again, and saw what looked like an exit, but it was blocked by rocks which had fallen down from the ceiling. (P 58 )【译文】他们继续航行，看到一个像是出口的地方，但是出口被从洞顶掉下来的石头堵住了。【解读】“by +施动者”表示某事是由某人或某物做的，或是通过什么方法完成的，施动者可以是人、组织、生物、自然现象等。这一结构通常紧跟V-ed形式，其用法可分为以下几种：1. 施动者为新信息时，被动句要用“by +施动者”结构。如： While Gill was walking down the street, she was knocked down by a young boy.2. 施动者为物时，被动句要用“by +施动者”结构。如： All the lights in the house are controlled by this electrical equipment.3. 如果施动者在主动语态中是被强调的成分，那么句子变为被动句时要用“by +施动者”结构。如： The workers themselves designed and made that machine.That machine was designed and made by the workers themselves.4. 句子由主动语态变为被动语态时，如省去“by +施动者”，句子的意思就不完整，则该被动句需要用“by +施动者”结构。如： Mr. Smith wrote the letter.The letter was written by Mr. Smith.【小试牛刀】I. 判断下列各句中against的含义，并写在句子后的横线上。1. The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. _2. You shouldnt keep children in the house against their will. _3. The cost of the proposed research needs to be balanced against its benefits. _4. The police have to arm themselves against attack. _5. The last part of the course was hard because I was running against the wind. _6. Why dont we put the bed against the wall? _II. 选用正确的短语补全下列句子（每个短语限用一次）。go against, turn against, inform against, speak out against1. Thousands of American citizens have _ this unlawful organization.2. I dont know why everything seems to _ me. Bad luck seems to always follow me.3. Sam was the only one to _ the decision which would certainly lead to the close of the company.4. After the report on t