定语从句 (3).doc

定语从句考点一. 关系代词that和which的区别只用that不用which的情况. 先行词是everything, anything, nothing, few, little, all, some等不定代词时，或由不定代词修饰时. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级时. 先行词被the very, the only等修饰时. 主句中有who,which等疑问代词时，先行词既有人也有物时. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用 which ,另一个需用that只用which不用that 的情况. 非限定性定语从句. 关系代词前有介词时. 先行词本身是that 时. 先行词后有插入语时考点二.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句.介词+关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whomEg. The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.当复合介词短语+which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。Eg.he lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.of+which/whom 表示所属关系。（whose）Eg. Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.考点三 关系代词as 引导的定语从句.关系代词as既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句，as在从句中作主语，宾语或表语.当先行词被such,so, the same,as修饰时定语从句常用as引导，as在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语Eg, we have found such material as are used in their factory.(主语)He may take as many books as you want.(宾语)He is not the same man as he was.(表语)注意：suchas(定语从句) suchas(状语从句)Eg. This is such an easy question that I can answer it.This is such an easy question as I can answer.考点四. As 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别As引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论，译为“正如.”which 引导的从句表示对主句所述事情进行补充说明，表明事物存在的状态或引起的结果，译为“这一点”Eg. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. As we know, the Great Wall is a famous place. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.注意： 当先行词时way， 意为“方式，方法”，且在从句中作状语时I dont like the way(in which/that /-)he speaks. 当先行词是表示时间的名词时， 注意引导词在定语从句中所作的成分Eg . do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holiday in Qingdao? 当先行词为case, point, position, situation, occasion, scene, stage等表“情形，状况”含义的词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where 引导定语从句Eg. They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. (他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。)第一步：确定是否为定语从句1. 确定是从句还是分句eg. Some pre-school children go to a day carecenter, _ they learn simple games and songs.A. then B. there C. while D. where2. 确定是否为定语从句定语从句的基本属性，从句的家族成员包括名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。形容词性从句就是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰先行词，先行词可以是名词，代词或名词，代词短语，还可以是主句的一部分，有时甚至是整个句子。 判断一个从句是否为定语从句有两项指标，.必须有先行词。.先行词以及替代先行词的关系代词或关系副词必须在从句中充当某种成分（主宾表定状） .与名词性从句 You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cant be sure of something _ you might get in the future. A. that; which B. what; / C. which; that D. / ; that. 与状语从句 定语从句与状语从句的连接词都有where和when, 在定语从句中，这两个词还可以用相应的介词in, at, on+which替换，在状语从句中则不行。 Mozarts birthplace and the housse _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which If you are travelling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where .与强调句强调句中有that和who定语从句的引导词也有that和who，因而强调句与定语从句经常互相干扰 -Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where问题在翻译上第二步: 确定用什么关系词,要看先行词在定语从句中做什么成分.关系代词单个关系代词My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it介词和关系代词的组合I travel to th介词+关系代词名词+介词+关系代词 The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which介词+关系代词+名词 Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what代词+介词+关系代词She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ev