高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit11-12.doc

高考网 高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit11-12重点句型1. One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds.2. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there would have been many more deaths.3. It took weeks to clear all the roads and to mend all the broken electricity lines and telephone lines.4. She was just about to open the window and shout at the dog to frighten it, when she stopped and stood quite still.5. For one thing they keep the water clean. Also they make the tank look much better.6. Mrs. Cousins ran to the table, picked up her baby in her arms, ran inside and shut the door. 重点词汇1. mankind n. 人类2. support n. & v. 支持3. daily adj. & adv. 每日(的)；n. 日报4. achieve vt. 取得5. likely adj. 可能的6. zone n. 区，地带7. private adj. 私人的8. institute n. 学会9. grasp vt. 抓住10. master vt. 掌握11perfect adj. 完美的12. arrange vt. 安排13. failure n. 失败14. valley n. 山谷15. base n. 基础16. mark vt. 标记17. agency n. 代理处18. forward adv. 向前19. march n. 行军20. aim n. & v. 瞄准21. announce vt. 宣布22. battle n. 战斗23. belief n. 信仰24. league n. 联盟25. apply v. 申请，应用26. servant n. 佣人27. companion n. 同伴28. guest n. 旅客29. abroad adv. 国外30. dislike vt. 不喜欢31. gentle adj. 温和的32. luggage n. 行李33. brilliant adj. 杰出的34. phenomenon n. 现象35. 1abour n. 劳动36. hesitate vi. 犹豫 重点短语1. work on 从事2. manned spaceship 载人飞船3. special economic zone 经济特区4. set foot (in) 上路5. have an effect on. 对有影响6. rely on 依靠7. come to life 苏醒8. put forward 提出9. aim at 瞄准10. in store 就要到来11. make a living 谋生12. set out 出发13. on voyage 航行14. in public 公开15. throw light upon 澄清16. slow down 减速17. cut up 切碎短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. _ foot in / on 到达；进入；踏上2. have an effect _ 对产生作用；对有 效果有影响 3. come to _ 恢复生机；恢复活力；活跃起来；苏 醒过来4. rely _ 依赖；依靠；信赖；指望5. put _ 提出(主意、计划等)；建议；推荐6. _ (sth)at旨在；目的在于；瞄准；企图7. make a _ 谋生8. set _ 出发，动身；上路；着手，开始9. _ public公开地；公然10. throw _ on / upon 阐明某事；使某事显得非 常清楚11. cut _ 切碎；剪碎12. _ . clear 表明，弄清楚13. burn _ 烧光，烧尽；筋疲力尽14. _ a sketch 0f制作的草图；概述15. come _ 成为现实16. _ ones attention吸引某人的注意力17. instead _ 取代；代替；而不18. _ many eases在很多情况下19. _ height从高度上说20. work _ 从事；致力于 交际用语1. I am thinking of .2. I want / wish / hope / intend / plan to3. I can t believe my eye.4. Its likely .5. I can t imagine .6. If I got the money, I would .7. I doubt that .词汇短语3. achieve v. succeed in doing something good, usually by working hard 取得，实现 He has achieved all its goals. 他已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。 Never say die. You will achieve what you need. 绝不能言弃。你会取得预期的目的的。8. aim n. the purpose of doing something, and what you hope to achieve: 目标，目的 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标，犹如航行没有罗盘。 The aim of the project is to help the poor. 这个项目的目的是帮助穷人。 take aim: point a weapon towards someone or something 对准，瞄准 The policeman took careful aim at the murderer and fired. 警察小心翼翼地瞄准谋杀者，然后开了枪。 v. point or direct (a weapon, shot, remark, etc.) towards somebody or something; direct ones efforts or intend to 瞄准；目的在于 I aim to be a writer when I grow up. 我立志长大了要当一名作家。【考点3】announce 的用法 构词：announcement n. 公布，(口头)通知 搭配： announce meeting 通知开会 make an announcement 通知 句型： announce sth to sb = announce to sb sth 向某人宣布 某事 announce (to sb) that. (向某人)宣布 It is announced that. 据宣布据通知辨析：announce；declare两词均意为“宣布”，但announce意为“宣告，宣布，通知”，指官方或公众的言论，内容可以是权威性的或知识性的。不跟双宾语。declare意为“宣布，声明”，指明确、有力的断言，公开宣布某事。其后不跟不定式和双宾语，可跟名词、代词、从句或复合结构。例如：Everyone was silent as he announced the result他宣布结果时，大家都很安静。The US declared war on England in 18121812年美国向英国宣战。【考例3】Fifty years ago, Chairman Mao _ thefounding of the Peoples Republic of China. A. announced B. said C. commented D. declared考查目标 考查动词在实际语境中的运用。答案与解析D 结合上下文的意思可以知道，“50年前，毛主席宣布了中华人民共和国的成立”。11. apply v. ask officially for something，often by writing； put 0r bring into use；(cause to) have an effect；be directly related申请；应用；(使)产生作用；有关系 I will apply for a joy tomorrow. 明天我要去申请一项工作。 This law only applies tomarried people. 这项法律只适应于已婚者。【考点2】arrange的用法 构词：arrangement n. 安排；筹备；准备 搭配： arrange for 安排 arrange with 与约定 have an arrangement with sb 和某人协商 make some arrangements 做些安排句型： arrange to do sth 安排约定准备做某事 arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人干某事 arrange that. 商定；安排 arrange sb for sth 为安排 It was / has been arranged that. 已安排好【考例2】It has been _ the meeting will be heldtonight in the hall. A. said which B. decided what C. arranged that D. announced考查目标考查主语从句中的动词的选择与运用。答案与解析C It is / has been + that-clause是主语从句的固定句型，其中that不担任成分，一般也不省略。5. arrange: put in order 安排；筹划；整理；布置。 Shes good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花。 I arrangedthe books on the shelves. 我把书摆在书架上。 Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 他在离开之前，把事情安排妥当了。 Ive arranged for a car to meet them at the station. 我已经安排了一辆车去车站接他们。【考点6】attention 的用法构词： attentive adj. 注意的 attentively adv. 注意地；聚精会神地搭配： pay / give / bring much / more / special / close / lit tle / no attention to sth (非常特别一点都不)留心； 关心；关注 give / turn ones / much / more attention (=mind) to sth (主语和ones指同一人)注意(到) fix ones attention on / upon sth (主语和ones指同 一人)专心于某人把注意力集中在上 with attention = attentively 注意地、专注地、聚精会 神地句型： sb call / draw / attract / win ones attention to sth = sb bring sth to ones attention = sb bring ones atten tion to sth (主语和ones不指同一人)使叫某人注意 某事；引起某人对某事的注意；吸引某人对的注 意力 sth draw / attract / catch / absorb / engage ones at tention (to.) 吸引了某人的注意力; 引起 某人对某事的注意关注; 很受某人欢迎 sb hold ones attention 使某人集中注意力才(主语 和ones不指同一人)；吸引某人(注意力) Attention, please. = May l have your attention, please? 请注意!(主要用于口头通知) Attention! = Stand at attention! 立正!(口令用语) be all attention 十分专心【考例6】Enough _ should be paid to the important conference. A. attend B. attendance C. attention D. attending考查目标 考查名词attention在动词短语中的搭配。答案与解析C pay enough (more, little, much,etc.) attention to sth 为固定短语搭配。2. daily adj. & adv. happening or produced every day or once a day: 每天的(地) The shop is open daily from 8: 00 a. m. to 6:00 p. m. 这家店铺每天开放时间是上午8点到下午6点。 This is connected with our daily life. 这与我们的日常生活息息相关。 n. a newspaper that is published every day except Sunday: 日报 No mention of the explosion was printed in any of Sundays daily. 星期天的日报都没有报导那次爆炸。7. failure: failing person, attempt, or thing that fails 失 败；失败的人(事) His plans ended in failure. 他的计划以失败而告终。 Martin was not deeply affected by his failure. 马丁没有因为他的失败而受到很大的影响。 You learn through failures. 你通过失败而学习。【考点14】find的用法构词： finder n. C 拾者 finding n. C 发现搭配：find out搞清，查明；发现；了解；打听、弄明白事实真相句型： find sb sth = find sth for sb 给某人找某物 find (that) clause 认为；发现；觉得find + 宾语 + 宾补 (名词、形容词、副词、介词短语充 当) 认为，发现 find + 宾语 + 宾补 (现在分词充当) 认为，发现 find + 宾语 + 宾补 (过去分词充当)认为，发现 find it adj. / n. to do sth (该句型中动词带宾语)若 对adj.提问，用句型How do you find it to d0 sth? find sth adj./ n. to do (该句型中动词不带宾语)Once you have interest in English, youll find it not thatdifficult to learn. = Once you have interest in English,youll find it easy to learn it well. 一旦你对英语有了兴趣，你将发现它不难学。 How do you find sth? = What do you think of / about sth? 你觉得怎么样?友情提示：请注意以下句型之间的相互转换： find it adj./ n. to do sth 与 find + 宾语从句 和 find sth adj. / n. to do 之间的相互转换： l find it difficult to master a foreign language within a few months. = I find (that) it is difficult to master a foreign language within a few months. = I find a for eign language difficult to master within a few months. = I find (that) a foreign language is difficult to master within a few months. 我发现几个月内精 通一门外语是很难的。 find sth adj./ n. to do 与 find it adj. / n. to do sth 之间的相互转换： My grammar is improving, but l find idioms and use ful expressions hard to learn. = My grammar is im proving, but I find it hard to learn idioms and useful expressions. 我的语法进步了但我发觉习语和惯用 法难学。 find + 宾语 + 宾补 与 find+宾语从句 之间的相互 转换： He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down. = He was disappointed to find that his sug gestions had been turned down. 发现自己的建议被拒 绝了，他很失望。辨析：discover；find；find out；invent；look for；search；seek；make sure (见第十二讲重点单词考点2)【考例14】(NMET 2003)A cook will be immediatelyfired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked考查目标 考查非谓语动词的实际运用。答案与解析B find sb doing sth 表示“发现某人正在做某事”，与本句的内容一致。【考点9】help 的用法 构词: helpful adj. 有帮助的；有用的；有益的 helpless adj. 无援助的；不能自助的 搭配： go / turn / refer to sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助 with ones help = with the help of 在的帮助下 help oneself to 自行取用；偷；随便吃 help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 (be) of great / much / some / any / no / little help to sb. / sth = (be) helpful to sb. / sth 对有无帮 助 ask / call sb. for help 请求某人帮助帮忙 call / cry for help 请求帮助；哭喊救命 get help from sb. = get ones help 得到某人的帮助 without ones help 没得到某人的帮助 come to ones help 来帮某人句型： help (sb) with sth 帮助(某人)做某事 help (sb) (to) do sth 帮助(某人)做某事；有助于某 人干某事 cant help doing sth 禁不住干 cant help but do sth 不得不干 help(to)do sth 有助于千；帮助干；协助干 cant help (to) do sth 不能帮忙干 It doesnt / wont help. 那无用。 a good / great help to sb / in doing sth / sth = help sb a lot = do sb a great service 对有无帮助 Can I be of any help to you? = (Is there) Anything I can do for you?要我帮忙吗? = Can I help you? = What can I do for you?【考例9】(2004浙江)1f you are feeling so tired, per-haps a little sleep would A. act B. help C. serve D. last考查目标 考查动词的运用。答案与解析B act和serve在此意思不合，而last一般要接一个时间。help在这里表示“起作用、生效”。【考例13】(2005上海春招)Do you have any _ of what life would be like if we lived on other planets? A. plan B. idea C. impression D. imagination考查目标 名词的辨析。答案与解析B 根据全句的意思“如果我们生活在其他星球上我们的生命将是怎样。你有什么想法吗?”，而非“计划，印象或想像”。【考点7】improve 的用法构词：improvement n. 提高，改进；改良；增进搭配： improve in sth 在某方面好转 improve on 对作出改进；比有了改进 improve oneself in sth 在某方面有进步 make an improvement in 在某方面作改进句型： There be an improvement in. 在某方面有进步好 转 There is still room for improvement. 仍有改进的余地【考例7】(1989上海)Our living conditions can only be_ step by step A. improved B. built C. corrected D. turned考查目标 考查动词在特定语境中的运用。答案与解析A 全句的意思为：我们的生活状况只能一步一步的改进提高。【考点1】likely的用法句型： be likely to do sth 可能 Its likely that / (for sb) to do sth. 可能辨析：likely；maybe; perhaps；possibly；probably该组副词都可表示“可能地”。但美国人多用maybe，英国人多用perhaps，表示“也许”，多用于口语。probably意为“很可能地、大概地”，等于likely。但likely比probably语气强，而且likely还可以作形容词，用于belikely to do和be likely that clause句型中，而probably则不行。possibly等于perhaps。例如：Its quite likely that a decision wilt be made before theend of the year. 很可能在年底前作出决定。Maybe it was useful for some people. 也许那对一些人有益。Perhaps well pay a visit to Nanjing next week. 下周我们可能去南京参观。He will possibly agree with what I said. 他可能会同意我的观点。You cant possibly walk 20 miles in an hour. 你一小时无论如何也走不了20英里。They are probably at home now. 们现在很可能在家。【考例1】Its quite _ that a decision will be madebefore the end of the year. A. possibly B. probably C. likely D. maybe考查目标 考查一组形容词与副词的搭配与辨析。答案与解析C A、B、D三项都是副词，不能用于Its+ adj. + that-clause中。【考点5】matter的用法【考例5】(1996上海)The thing that _ is notwhether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. A. matters B. cares C. considers D. minds考查目标 考查动词的辨析与搭配。答案与解析A matter为vi.，主语是the thing。B、C、D三项都是vt. 在此都没有宾语。4. perfect: without fault; excellent 完美的；理想的；绝对 的。 None of us are perfect. 人无完人。 Her examination paper was perfect except for one spelling mistake. 除了一处拼写错误外，她的试卷很理想。 He invented a new and perfect method. 他发明了一种新的并且极好的方法。 She made a perfect copY of the picture. 她完美地复制了这幅画。【考点15】reach的用法 搭配： within ones reaeh 够得着 out of ones reach = beyond ones reach 够不着 reach (out) for. 伸手够拿取 reach an agreement / a decision 达成协议做出决定 put / keep.out of ones reach 把某物放在某人够不 到的地方辨析：arrive at；arrive in；get to；reach该组词均表达“到达”之意，但arrive是不及物动词，常与at连用，表示到达较小的地方或旅程中的途经地点，如：车站、码头、小镇、村庄等。与in连用，表示到达较大的地方如国家、大城市等。get to表示“抵达，到达”之意时，多用于口语，可以代替reach或arrive。reach是及物动词，后接名词表示到达某一地方或达到某一程度；有时指经过一个缓慢的过程到达终点。例如：Shall we start now, or shall we wait for the others toarrive? 我们现在就开始，还是等其他人都来齐了?We got to Paris at 8 oclock. 我们八点钟到达巴黎。When did you get here? 你是什么时候到这儿的?After several changes of plane，we finally reached London on Tuesday morning. 换了几次飞机后，我们终于在星期二早晨抵达伦敦。【考例15】(2004湖北) Dont leave matches or cigaretteson the table within _ of little children. A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 考查目标 考查固定短语搭配与运用。答案与解析B within ones reach表示“够得着”，与全句的意思一致。6. rely: depend 依靠；依赖；信赖；指望。 You cant rely on his assistance. 你不能依靠他的帮助。 You may rely on me to help you. 你可以依靠我来帮助你。 They had relied On French help which did not arrive. 他们依靠法国的援助，但还没有到。【考点1l】send 的用法搭配： send away 撵走；送走；赶走；开除；解雇 send out 发出；派遣 send up 发射；把送上去 send for 派人去请，去取 send off 送行；送别 send in 交上去句型： send sh sth = send sth to sb 送某人某物 send sb. to do sth = send sth to be done 送叫使派 某人干某事 send sb + prep. / adv. 送叫使某人 send sb / sth + doing 使 send ones best wishes / love / greetings 代问好【考例11】(NMET 1991)- Will someone go and get DrWhite?- Hes already been _. A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for考查目标 考查动词短语的辨析与运用能力。答案与解析B ask for sb 表示“要求见某人”；callfor sb 表示“打电话给某人”；look for sb. 表示“寻找某人”；而send for sb 表示“派人去请某人”。根据上下文的意思只有B项符合。1. support v. bear the weight of; agree with an idea, group, or person; to help to show that something is true; look after someone by paying for their food, clothes, etc.: 支撑；支持；供养 Do you think those book shelves can support so many books? 你认为那些书架能放这么多书吗? There is not enough evidence to support his statement. 没有足够的证据来证实你的论述。 n. agreement with an idea, group, or person; help or encouragement: 支持；鼓励 Is there much public support for the law? 这项法律的出台得到公众的大力支持吗? The Smiths did all they could to give their children emotional support. 史密斯尽力给他们的孩子们以情感上的慰藉。【考点12】suppose 的用法句型： suppose (that). 认为猜想 suppose sb / sth to be + n. / adj. / num. / prep. phrase 认为某人某物 (Let us)Suppose (= Supposing) (that) clause 假设 ；假定；倘若 I suppose so. / I suppose not. 我认为会的我认为不 会的。 be supposed to do sth 被认为是；理应干某事。 应该十某事(一should do sth) be not supposed to do sth = be not allowed to do sth “不允许干某事”，表示委婉的禁止。 is / are supposed to have done sth = was / were sup posed to do sth = should have done sth 或 ought to have done sth 本该干了某事(而事实上并未千) Wh- do you suppose (=think) + 陈述句语序? I dont suppose that. (否定转移)【考例12】(1997上海)- I havent heard from Henry for a long time- What do you suppose _ to him? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened考查目标 考查双重疑问句的句型结构。答案与解析C “Wh- do you suppose (=think) + 陈述句语序?”由此可以排除B项。根据时态在语境中的特点，可以知道强调对现在的影响，而不是当时正在进行的动作。【考点8】think的用法构词： thinker n. 思想家；思考者 thought n. 思考；思想；想法，念头 thinking adj. 思想的 n. 思索；思想；见解；想法搭配： think about 考虑(是否去做)；想 think of 想起；想出 think out 深思，想出(办法) think aloud 想出声来，自言自语，边想边说 think of.as. 认为是；把看作当作 think sth over = think over sth 仔细(反复地)考虑； 三思 think well / highly / much / a great deal / a lot / of 对看法好评价高 think little / poorly / nothing / badly /ill of. 对看法不好评价差 think nothing / little of 轻视；忽视 think hard 深思(熟虑)；好好想一想 think up (a good idea)(美国英语) = think out (a good idea)(英国英语)想出来；构想设计 think twice 再思考句型： think of / about doing sth 考虑干某事 think ot how / when / where / whether / what to do 从句考虑如何(何时、在哪里、是否)干某事，考虑干 何事 think it + adj. / n. (for sb) to do sth think it + adj./ n. + that clause 认为干某事怎么样 think. (to be) + n. / adj. 认为是；把 看作当作 think that 从句 wh- (+n) do you think + 正常语序= wh- + 疑问句 语序号 + in your opinion? I think so. (表示赞同某一观点)我也这样认为；I dont think so. (更常见) = I think not. 我不这样认 为。 I dont think (that). (否定转移)我认为不附加疑问句用肯定形式且与从句的主语和谓语动词形式保持一致。 What do you think of / about sth? 征询对方对某件 事情的具体看法 I (had) thought (that). 我原以为 I never thought / dreamt (that).我从未想到； 我做梦也没想到=It never occurred / It didnt Occur to me that.我没有想到 Let me think. = Let me see. 让我想一想 I (you) think (作插入语) It is thought that.人们认为 Think nothing of it. 哪儿的话；不用谢 (=Youre wel come.)(致谢应答)辨析：consider；regard；think三词均意为“认为，把看成”。但consider使用广泛，有时表示经过思考或根据经验得出的结论，其宾语补足语前的as常常省略。regard“认为，把看成”，其宾语补足语前的as不能省略，表示根据外表所做出的结论有时表示只是个人的或一种偏袒的意见。think意为“把看作”时，必须在宾补前加of。例如：Money is often considered(asto be)the most important thing in our lifebut in fact there are many otherthings more important钱在我们的生活中经常被认为是最重要的，但事实上还有许多其他东西比钱更重要。Most tourists regard this place as a fine scenic spot.大多数旅游者都把这个地方看作风景胜地。Many,foreigners think of the Great Wall as the WorldsSeventh Wonder. 许多外国人把长城看作世界第七大奇迹。【考例8】(1990上海) I dont think you have heard himbefore, _? A. have you B. havent you C. do I D. dont I考查目标 考查反意疑问句。答案与解析A 以I dont think / believ