人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero grammar课时作业 (4).docx

unit 5 nelson mandela-a modern hero grammar课时作业.阅读理解asir john gurdon，a british scientist，who won the nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 2012，said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years，and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning.parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues，the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful.cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of louise brown，the first “testtube baby”he said，“when my first frog experiments were done，an american reporter asked how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans.i said，well，it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 yearshow about 50 years？ it turned out that it wasnt far off the mark as far as dolly was concerned.maybe the same answer is appropriate.” sir john added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin，and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”the average vote on allowing parents of deceased children，who are no longer fertile (能生育的)，to create another by using the mothers eggs and skin cells from the first child，thinking the technique was safe and effective，is 60 percent in favor.the reasons for “no” are usually that the new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for something.语篇解读诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。1sir john predicted the human cloning would be a reality in _ at most.aabout 100 yearsbabout 60 yearscabout 50 years dabout 10 years解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。故选c项。答案：c2according to the text，which statement is not true?alouise brown is the first “testtube baby”bhuman cloning is still a controversial topic.csir john is positive about the future of human cloning.dhuman cloning is creating something that didnt exist before.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“after the birth of louise brown，the first testtube baby”可排除a项；文章尾段说明赞成者占6成，故排除b项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除c项；根据第二段的尾句可知，d项表述不正确。答案：d3the underlined word “identical” probably means “_”asame bspecialcnew dclear解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的 “twin”和文中的“doctors would therefore simply becopying what nature has already produced”可知，a项正确。答案：a4it can be inferred from the passage that_.amost people cast doubt on johns experimentsbhuman cloning is and will be only a dreamcfew children love to be cloned in the futuredhuman cloning may be realized someday解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，因此可推断d项正确。答案：dbpeople like martin luther king jr，nelson mandela，kofi annan and mother teresa have become famous all around the world.and what do they have in common？they are all winners of the nobel peace prize.but none of them would have received their prize and the recognition it brings if it had not been for one swedish man，alfred nobel.when alfred joined the nobel family company，it had been developing explosives for many years.alfreds father immanuel，had started the family fortune by working for the russian army to produce landmines and sea mines (地雷和水雷)but the family made even more money by making nitroglycerine，which was an effective but very dangerous explosive.one day alfred arrived home to find that his 20yearold brother emil had been killed in a nitroglycerine explosion.alfred became determined to invent a safer explosive.the result was dynamite (黄色炸药)，which became an immediate success all over the world.alfred nobel always wanted dynamite to be used for peaceful tasks.and when it was used to explode a path for the panama canal in 1914，he couldnt have been happier.unfortunately，in the same year，the first world war started，and，when it ended four years later，dynamite had been used to take away the lives of thousands of young men.to see his invention being used in this way made him very sad.sometime later alfreds older brother ludwig died.one newspaper accidentally printed alfreds obituary (讣告) instead of his brothers.the obituary described alfred as a man who had become rich by inventing a weapon (武器) of mass destruction.when alfred read this review of his life，he was very unhappy and decided to do something about it.he decided that he would use the great fortune that he had made to reward people who had been working to improve the good in society.the five awards he created were for physics，chemistry，medicine，literature and，most significantly，peace.in 1997 the nobel peace prize went to an american called jody williams for her efforts to get landmines banned (禁止)ironically，of course，the nobel family fortune had been built on mines.perhaps now，alfred nobel will rest more easily in his grave.语篇解读本文是记叙文。文章介绍了诺贝尔奖创始人阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔。 5how did alfred nobel make his money?aby working as a peacemaker.bby building the panama canal.cby working for the swedish army.dby making and selling explosives.解析：细节理解题。由第二段的when alfred joined the nobel family company，it had been developing explosives for many years和倒数第二段的alfred.become rich by inventing a weapon可知，阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔靠研制和销售炸药赚钱。答案：d6which of the following is the correct order of the events mentioned in the text?aalfred invented dynamite.balfreds brother emil died.calfreds brother ludwig died.dthe nobel prizes were created.ethe panama canal began to be built.aa，c，d，e，b be，a，c，d，bcb，a，e，c，d dc，b，a，e，d解析：细节理解题。由全文可知，阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔的哥哥埃米尔不幸死于硝化甘油炸药爆炸，之后他发明了较为安全的黄色炸药，此后他的发明被用于巴拿马运河修建中。后来他的另外一个哥哥路德维希去世，但因讣告错写成了他，于是他决定创建诺贝尔奖。故本题选c项。答案：c7alfred nobel started the nobel prizes_.abecause of his fathers deathbbecause of his brother ludwigs last wordscbecause he wanted to make himself understooddbecause he wanted to make full use of his money解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知弗雷德诺贝尔对他被说成是靠发明杀伤性武器而致富的评价感到不开心可知，他创办诺贝尔奖是想充分地利用他的财富来奖励那些对社会做出卓越贡献的人。答案：d 8what would be the best title for the text?awinners of the nobel prizesbthe nobel family companycalfred nobel rests in peacedwhat the world needs is peace解析：标题归纳题。诺贝尔奖创始人阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔因发明了安全性能较高的炸药而积累了巨额财富，但对自己发明的炸药被用于战争而深感痛惜，为此他决定用他的财富来奖励那些为人类做出卓越贡献的人。c项中的rests in peace与最后一段的rest more easily相呼应，暗指爱好和平的阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔最终可以安详地长眠于世。答案：ccin the mornings alain pepin works in a surveying office，doing clerical (文书的) work，but in the afternoons and at weekends he does something much more excitinghe is an underwater stuntman (特技演员)in this weeks article he tells us what a summer day in his life is like.what time do you get up?a summer day for me starts around 7 am.i have breakfast and ride my bike to work.i start work at 8 am.i spend all morning in front of my network computer working until lunchtime.what do you do after work?well，i leave the office at 1 pm and have lunch.if the weather is fine，i pack my equipment and set off to the location of the stunt.when i get there，i set up the equipment and get into the water.this is when the fun starts.i move about in and under the water in a wetsuit and helmet (潜水服和头盔) performing tricks.its quite tiring though，because each stunt is different and takes a different length of time.a photo shoot usually takes a long time to complete because everything has to be perfect.what do you do when you are not diving?i enjoy waterskiing，kayaking and snorkelling (带呼吸管潜泳)i spend most of my spare time，however，planning，practicing and training for my stunts.how do you like working underwater?i love it.it can be a bit boring in the winter，though，when the weather is cold.it is difficult to get a swimming pool all to myself so i can practice.but when im diving，i really enjoy it.every time i come home after work，i feel full of energy and i have a great sense of achievement.语篇解读本文是应用文。文章是对水下特技演员alain pepin的采访介绍。9the clerical work alain pepin does_.ais about sportsbpays very wellcis a fulltime jobdhas to be finished online解析：细节理解题。由第一段的in the mornings alain pepin.doing clerical work和第二段的i spend all morning in front of my network computer working until lunchtime可知，alain pepin早上在一个调查部门工作，他的工作需在线完成。答案：d10according to alain pepin，working underwater is_.afairly easy bfull of dangercquite interesting dperfect for everyone解析：推理判断题。由第三段的this is when the fun starts和最后一段alain pepin对水下工作的看法i feel full of energy and i have a great sense of achievement可知，他认为在水下工作非常有趣。答案：c11we can say that alain pepin_.aleads a double lifebshould choose a better jobcneeds to plan for the futuredis always ready to help others解析：推理判断题。第一段描述alain pepin早上做文书工作，下午和周末却是做水下特技表演工作，由这两种工作性质的反差可知，他过着一种双面生活。答案：a.七选五how strong are you?that is a difficult question to answer，whether you are a man or a woman.but，really，i want to ask.how do you define (定义) your strength？how do you know your limits？when pushed，we often discover that we are much stronger than we think._1_strength is not always just about physical strength.rather，its about willpower，discipline (纪律) and drive._2_ i know some people who are intelligent，but they get very little done in their jobs.and i know others who find work very difficult，but are able to move mountains by their hard work.they have inner (内在的) strength.limiting yourselfwhat i have observed is that most people limit themselves.they limit their output according to how limited they imagine their abilities and strengths to be.sometimes these limits are based on past experiences.sometimes they are based on what they think their abilities are._3_pushing it.many people are working out，but nowhere near as much as they could._4_pushing yourself is what it takes to increase your limits.in the gym，bodybuilders discovered this long ago.but，this is also true when it comes to inner strength.want to test your limits？push yourself.test your limits to see if they are simply what you imagine them to be.make sure your goals are slightly beyond what you think can be achiev