英语常见词根词缀.doc

1 PrefixMeaningExamplesa(n)-not, withoutatonality, asexuality, amoral, anarchy, anonymousab-awayabduction, absolutism, ablutionacr(o)-high, up, hillAcropolis, acrobaticsad-near, atadrenaladen(o)-glandadenectomyaer(o)-airaeronautics, aerodrome, aeroplane, aerodynamicsagr(o)-relating to farmingagriculturealt-highaltitudealter-anotherAlter-ego, alternateam-loveamorous, amateurambi-around, either, encirclingambiguity, ambidexterity, Ambisagrusan(a)-out ofanachronismandr-manandrogyny, androcentrism, android, androgenanem-windanemometerAnglo-English or BritishAnglo-Irish relationsante-beforeantebellum, antediluviananthropo-relating to human beingsanthropology, anthropocentrism, anthropomorphicant(i)-againstantidote, antibody, anticlockwise, antichristarcha(e)o-ancientarcha(e)ologist, archa(e)ologyastro-celestial bodyastrophysics, astrologyauri-goldauriferousaut(o)-selfautonomy, autobiography, automobile, autopilot, autopsy, automaticbar(o)-heaviness, heavybarometerbathy-deepBathyscaphe, bathyspherebe-completely, excessively; forms transitive verbsbemuse, bespeak, bewailben-wellBenediction, benignbi-twobicycle, bijection, bicameralismbi(o)-lifebiology, biography, biopsybibli(o)-relating to booksbibliophilia, bibliographyblast(o)-bud, germinationblastocystbrady-slowbradycardiabrom(o)-stenchBromine, bromidebronch(o)-relating to breathingbronchitiscac(o)-badcacophony, cacographycad/cas-a fallcadence, cascadecarcin(o)-relating to cancercarcinogeniccardi(o)-heartcardiovascular, Cardiac arrestcent-, centi-hundred or hundredthcentenarian, centimeter, centipedecephal(o)-headcephalothoraxchrys(o)-goldchryselephantine, chrysoberylchrysographychrom(ato)-colourchromatic, chromosomechron(o)-timechronology, chronic, chroniclecircum-aroundcircumcision, circumlocution, circumferenceco-togethercooperative, co-belligerencecolpo-vaginacolpospasmcon-with, togetherconnotation, Congress, congregationcontr-against, oppositecontradiction, contraception, controversycosm(o)-worldcosmology, cosmopolitan, cosmotheismcounter-against, oppositecounterpoint, Counter-Reformationcrin(o)-cry(shed tears)endocrinologycryo-frost, icy coldcryogenics, cryoelectronics, cryostoragecrypt(o)-hiddencryptography, cryptozoologycupri-coppercupriferouscyt(o)-cell (originally hollow receptacle)cytoplasm, cytologyculp-faultculpable, culpritdactyl(o)-finger, digitdactylogramde-taking something away, the oppositedecentralisation, dehydration, Denazificationdec(a)-, dek(a)-tendecamerous, December, decimeter, decadedeci-one tenthdeciliterdem(o)-peopledemographics, democracyderm(at)-skindermatology, dermatitisdi-two, doubledichromicdi-daydiurnaldia-throughdiameter, diagnosis, diarrheadidact(o)-apt at teachingdidacticdis-apart, separation, reverse, oppositedissent, discovery, disambiguationdok, dox(o)-view, teachingdoxology, dogma, orthodoxdynam(o)-power, forcedynamic, dynamite, dynamodys-bad, deformed, abnormaldyspepsia, dystrophy, dysarthriaeco-houseeconomy, ecology, ecosystem, ecotageecto-outer, externalectomorphic, ectoparasiteedaph(o)-soiledaphicelectr(o)-relating to Electricityelectrocution, electroencephalogramembry(o)-embryoembryogenesisen-to make (transitive verb)enrage, enlargeend(o)-, ent(o)-insideendoscope, endothermic, entoblastenne(a)-nineenneastyle, enneagramenter(o)-intestineenteritisentomo-insectentomologist, entomophilyeo-earliest, most primitiveeobacterium, eohippusep(i)-, eph-upon, above, aroundepitaxy, epicenter, ephemeralerg(o)-work, labourergonomics synergy, energyerythr(o)-rederythrociteerot(o)-loveerotic, erotomaniaethno-race, peopleethnology, ethnolinguistics, ethnocentrismeu-goodeulogy, euthanasia, eugenics, euphemismEuro-EuropeanEuro-MP, Eurocentricex-formerex-wife, ex-presidentexo-outsideexoskeletonextra-outside, beyond, additionalextra-thin, extra-special extraordinary, extraterrestrial, extraordinaryflor-relating to flowersfloristfore-before, in advanceforeskin, foreshadowinggast(e)-stomachgast(e)ropodgeo-earthgeography, geologyglosso-languageglossogeny, glossogony, glossolaliagyn-femalegynaecology, gynoidhelio-sunheliocentic, heliotherapyhemi-halfhemimetabolous, hemisphereh(a)emo-/h(a)emato-bloodhemophilia, hemophobia, h(a)ematologisthept-sevenheptagon, heptachordheter(o)-differentheterogenous, heterosexualhex(a)-sixhexapod, hexagonal, hexameterhippo-horsehippophile, hippodrome, hippogryphhol(o)-whole, entirehologram, holistic, Holocenehom(o)-samehomogenous, homosexual, homophonehydro-waterhydrogen, hydryhygro-humidity, moisturehygrometer, hygroscopyhyper-excessive2, having more than three spatial dimensions (mathematics)hyperactive, hyperthyroidismhypno-sleephypnogenetic, hypnotherapyhyp(o)-below2hypodermicin-intensivelyinflammable, invaluablein-1notinfallibility, illiteracy, immoral, irrelevantinter-between, mutualintervention, international, internetintra-withinintramural, intravenous, intraocularkilo-thousandkilogram, kilowattkinesi-movementkinesitherapylitho-RocklithosphereLuso-PortugueselusophoneMac- or Mc-son of (often used in last names)McCarthy, Kirsty MacCollmacro-largemacrobiology, macroscopicmal-badmalpractice, malnutritionmaxi-many ,mostmaximal, maximumMc-McDonalds-like, often derogatoryMcJob, McPaper (See McWords)mega(l)-million, very largemegabyte, megaphone, megalopolismeso-middlemesoamerica, mesoscalemeta-after, beyondmetacarpal, metaphysics, metatarsalmicro-one millionth, very smallmicrogram, microorganism, micronation, microscopemid-in the middle ofmid-term elections, Mid-Autumn Festivalmilli-thousandthmilligram, millilitermini-smallminiskirt, miniseriesmis-bad, wrongmiscarriage, misanthropy, misogyny, mistakemon(o)-one, singlemonolith, monorail, monotony, monoclemulti-manymulticulturalism, multilingualismmyco-relating to fungimycology, mycoproteinmyri(a)-Ten thousandmyriagon, myriadnephro-livernephrology, nephrotomynon-notnonsense, non-denial denialnon-ninenonagonO-(son) of (often used in Irish family-names)OBrianoct(o)-, oct(a)-eightoctane, octopod, octagon, Octoberomni-allomnidirectional, omnivore, omnipotentoo- (oo-oh)egg, ovumoocyteornitho-birdornithologist, ornithomancyosteo-boneosteoblast, osteosis, osteoporosisout-more, to a greater degreeoutdo, outrunover- (noun)more than normal, too muchoverpopulation, over-consumption, overlordover- (verb)to do too much, to (verb) overoverlook, overspend, overseepan(to)-1universal, all-embracingpandect, pantechnicon, Pantocrator, pamphletpara-beyond, near, contraryparalegal, parachutepent(a)-fivepentagonperi(o)-around, about, enclosing, nearperimysium, pericardium, periosteum, perinatalphoto-light, photonphotograph, photosensetive, photosynthesisphyto-relating to plantsphytogeography, phytoplanktonpost-afterpostpartum depression, postmodernismpre-beforeprediction, preview, precedent, prenatal carepro-for, in favour ofpro-choice, protagonistpseudo-falsepseudoscience, pseudonympsycho-mind, mentalpsychology, psychosomaticpyro-fire, flamepyromaniaquadr-, quart-fourquadrangle, quadruplet, quartic, quartilequasi-like, as ifquasiparticlequinque-fivequinquesection,quint(i)-fifth, fivequintiped, quintetre-again, repeatedlyreduction, reflection, revolutionrect(i)-proper, straightrectify, rectangleretro-backwardretrograde, retrospectivescler(o)-hardscleroderma, atherosclerosissemi-half, partialsemi-automatic, semi-detachedsept(a)-sevenSeptembersex(i)-sixsexivalentSino-ChineseSino-American relationsspasm(o)-spasmspasmatic, spasmolysissperm-seedspermophile, sperminespher(o)-sphere, ballspherical, atmospheresphygm(o)-pulsationsphygmomanometer, sphygmographsplen(o)-spleensplenomegalysplanchn(o)-viscerasplanchnopathyschiz(o)-, schist(o)-splitschizophrenia, schistocytesci-know, knowledgescience, omniscientseismo-earthquakeseismography, seismometer, seismologystaphyl(o)-cluster, uvulastaphylococcus, staphyloplastystom(ato)-mouthstomatitis, stomachstyl-pillarstylus, stylist, stylopodiumsub-below, less than, under,2subset, subsonic, subway, subtitlessuper-extremely, more than,2superhuman, Superego, supersonicsyn-together, united, at the same timesynergy, synchronicity, synesthesiatach(y)-rapid, acceleratedtachycardia, tachymeter, tachyontel(e)-distance, distanttelecommunications, television, telephoto lens, telodynamictel(o)-endteloblast, telophasetheo-godtheology, theogonytrans-across, beyondtransfer, transubstantiation, transatlantic, Trans-Siberian railwaytri-threetriangle, tricolor, triptychtwi-twotwilight, twig, twinber- / uber-super- / excessive / veryuberfic, ?bermensch, bercoolultra-extremely, beyond certain limitultramontanism, ultravioletun1-not, opposite, take something awayunconstitutional, undeleteunder-below, incompletelyunderestimate, underage, undercookuni-one, singleuniform, unificationup-higherupscale, update, upgrade, upheldur-first, originalurtextur(o)-urineuric, urinalvita-lifevitamin, vitalwith-together, unitedwithhold, withstandzoo- (zoo-oh)relating to animalszoomorphic, zoology, zoophiliaSuffixPart of speechMeaningExamplesEffect on word stress-ableadjcapable, can dousable, notable, comfortableNeutral-ablyadvnotably, fashionablyNeutral-adnoungrouptriad, monad-adenounlemonade, accolade, blockadeStressed suffix-agenounforming a nounmarriage, mileage, garageNeutral-agogynounleadingpedagogy, demagogyStressed suffix-aladjaspect ofnominal, focal, (compare -ality)Neutral-alnounabstract nounrefusal, appraisalNeutral-alitynounproperty (aspect, behaviour, condition) ofproportionality, sexuality (see -al and -ity)Stressed suffix-anadjurbanNeutral-anadj, nounrepublican, Roman, veteranNeutral-ancenounrelevance, annoyance, repentanceNeutral-ancynounpregnancy, redundancy, vacancyNeutral-antadjrelevant, dominant, pleasantNeutral-antnounassitant, immigrant, inhabitantNeutral-aradjlinear, alveolarNeutral-arnounbeggar, liarNeutral-ardnoundrunkard, coward, wizard, stewardNeutral-aryadjordinary, secondary, militaryNeutral-arynoundictionary, library, seminaryNeutral-archnounruler, leadermonarch, tetrarchNeutral-archynounrule, leadershipgynarchy, anarchyNeutral-ateadjliterate, desperate, fortunateNeutral-atenouncertificate, advocateNeutral-ateverbconcentrate, oscillateNeutral-athlonnounsporting eventpentathlon, decathlonStressed suffix-ationnounstate or concept ofinvitation, pronunciation, starvationStressed suffix-ationnounfrom verb with -ate, state or concept ofconcentration, oscillation, narrationStressed suffix-ativeadjtalkative, lucrative, affirmativeNeutral-atorynounlaboratory, conversatory-boundadvheading in the direction ofinbound, outbound, citybound-cele, -coele, -coelnounbody cavitymucocoel or mucocoele-celenountumor, herniahydatidocele-centesisnounpuncturingamniocentesis, rachicentesis-cephalicadjrelating to the headanencephaly, macrocephaly-chondrionnounsmall grainlike structuremitochondrion-cidenounmurder, killing agentsuicide, vespacide, regicide, fratricideNeutral-citynounpracticeatrocity-cynounexpressing the quality of an adjectivediplomacy, literacy, idiocyNeutral-cyclenouncircle, cycle, unit of radio frequencyepicycle, hydrocycleNeutral-domnounstate or condition offreedom, boredom, kingdomNeutral-ectasia, -ectasisnounstretching outbrochiectasis, telangiectasia-ectomynounsurgical removallaryngectomy, vasectomyStressed suffix-edadjbored, tiledNeutral-eenounchanges verb to a noun (the object of that verb)employee, referee, payeeStressed suffix-eeradjengineer, overseerStressed suffix-emenounlinguistic unitlexeme, phoneme, morpheme-emianounblood conditionleukemia, anaemiaStressed suffix-enadjgolden, wooden, written, frozenNeutral-enverblessen, deafen, frightenNeutral-enchymanouncellular tissuemesenchyma, karyenchyma-encenounindependence, violence, absenceNeutral-encynounfrequency, clemency, consistencyNeutral-entadjdifferent, excellent, independentNeutral-entnounresident, regent, superintendentNeutral-eousadjcourteousNeutral-ernounchanges verb to noun (the subject of that verb, see also -or)write, writerNeutral-ergynounworkenergy, synergy-ernadjdirectionwestern, northernNeutral-erynounslavery, machinery, nunneryNeutral-eseadj, nounnationality, languageChinese, Lebanese, PortugueseStressed suffix-esqueadjin the style ofPythonesque, Romanesque, picturesqueStressed suffix-essnounfemaleactress, waitress, stewardess, priestessNeutral-esthesis, -esthesianounsensation, feelingsynesthesia, kinesthesisStressed suffix-eticadjenergetic, sympathetic, frenetic-ettenounsmall diskette, statuette, usheretteStressed suffix-farenounhow things are going / coming alongwelfare, fanfare, warfareStressed suffix-fuladjfull of, having some or muchhopeful, usefulNeutral-gatenouna scandal, often political (back-formed from the Watergate scandal)Watergate, nipplegateNeutral-gnosisnounknowingprognosis, diagnosisStressed suffix-gonnounanglepolygon, pentagonNeutral-grynounadjective form of only 2 or 3 nouns in the English languageangry, hungryNeutral-hedronnounseat, faceicosahedron, tetrahedronStressed suffix-holicadjlove, addictionalcoholic, workaholicStressed suffix-hoodnounstate/condition of, a group sharing characteristicsbrotherhood, adulthood, falsehoodNeutral-ianounabnormal statemania, apraxia, dementia, dysarthriaStress on previous syllable-iableadjsociableStress on previous syllable-ialadjspecial, filial, remedialStress on previous syllable-ianadjmammalianStress on previous syllable-ianadj, nounBrazilian, ChristianStress on previous syllable-iannounlibrarian, barbarian, physicianStress on previous syllable-iantadjdeviant, defiantStress on previous syllable-iaryadjtertiaryStress on previous syllable-iateverbasphyxiate, deviateStress on previous syllable-ibleadjcapable, can do (same as -able)incredible, terrible, visible-iblyadvincredibly, responsibly, terriblyStress on previous syllable-icadj(adjective)neurotic, electronic, historicStress on previous syllable-icaladjhistorical, phonological, economicalStress on previous syllable-icsnounthe study ofPhysics,Aerodynamics,Forensics, economicsStress on previous syllable-idadj(categorical) property (aspect) ofhominid, tepid, candid, fervid (compare -al)-iencynounexpedienyStress on previous syllable-ientadjsalient, sentient, expedientStress on previous syllable-iernouncashier, financier, gondolierStress on previous syllableify, fyverbto become, makeclarify, specify, basify, vilifyStress on previous syllable-ileadjtactile, facile, volatileNeutral-illionlarge numbersmillion, billion-iousadjdelicious, ambitious, religious, vivaciousStress on previous syllable-ingnounnoun from verb, in the process ofdoing, actingNeutral-ingnounbedding, stuffing, roofingNeutral-ionnounaction, companion-ishadjadjective from noun; sort of; approximatelyfoolish, selfish, greenish, tallishStress on previous syllable-ishadj, nounnationality, languageSpanish, Turkish, EnglishStress on previous syllable-ismnoundoctrine, act, practice, conditionProtestantism, alcoholism, Buddhism, southernismNeutral-istnounpersondentist, socialist, cellistNeutral-istaadeptfashionista Condista-itenounmember of a groupsocialite, CarmeliteNeutral-itisnoundisease, inflammationhepatitis, gingivitisStressed suffix-itiveadjsensitiveNeutral-itudenounattitude, gratitude, BeatitudeStress on previous syllable-itynounexpressing state or conditionnormality, formality, banalityStress on previous syllable-iumnounmetallic element (exception: helium)sodium, CalciumStress on previous syllable-iveadjmake the noun an adjectivedefensive, aggressive, passiveNeutral-ization/-isationnounorganization/organisation, categorization/categorisationNeutral-ize/-iseverbto cause, to be, to becomematerialize/materialise, idolize/idolis