（广西课标版）2020版高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 专题四 词义猜测课件.pptx

专题四词义猜测 2 词汇复习16 根据汉语提示填入以j开头的单词的适当形式 然后背诵情景 熟记以j开头的课标高频词汇 情景 It snotajoke Yesterdayarobberdressedinajacketandbluejeanswithlotsofjewelryescapedinajetplanebecauseofthetrafficjam Nomatterhowlongthe1 journey 旅程 is thepolice witha2 judge 法官 andsomejuniorjournalists3 joining 加入 inthejob aredeterminedtoarresthim Tooursurprise hejustturned16thisJune andhadneverdrunkjuice 译文 这不是笑话 昨天一个穿着夹克与蓝牛仔裤的抢劫犯 带着许多珠宝 由于交通堵塞而乘坐一架喷气式飞机逃跑了 不管行程多远 警察决定逮捕他 其中 有一位法官 还有一些资历较浅的记者也加入到了这项工作中 令我们吃惊的是 抢劫犯今年六月份刚满16岁 并且从没有喝过果汁 3 高考范文必背 2016 天津卷 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津 一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动 现在 他们即将回国 你将在欢送会上致辞 请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿 1 回顾双方的交流活动 如学习 生活 体育 文艺等方面 2 谈谈收获或感想 3 表达祝愿与期望 注意 1 词数不少于100 2 可适当加入细节 使内容充实 行文连贯 3 开头和结尾已给出 不计入总词数 4 Dearfriends Howtimeflies Thankyou 5 范文 Dearfriends Howtimeflies ItistwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolandyouaregoingtoreturntoEnglandsoon AsthechairmanoftheStudents UnionofChenguangMiddleSchool Iamhonouredtobegivensuchachancetodeliveraspeechtoyou Firstly wewillneverforgetthosehappyscenesofstudyingandlivingtogetherwithyou whichwillbenefitusalotinthefuture Yourperformanceinsportsandartalsohasmadeadeepimpressiononus Secondly notonlyhasthetwo weekcommunicationhelpedusChinesestudentshaveabetterunderstandingaboutBritishculture educationandcustoms italsohasmadeusbecomegoodfriends 6 Finally mayourfriendshiplastforeverandhopeyoucanvisitourschoolnextyear Thankyou 7 词义猜测题考查考生不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力 常见的考查方式有 1 直接猜测某个词的含义 2 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象 3 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义 4 对英语中特有的表达 格言 谚语等进行解释 一 单词或短语意义猜测题词汇量小是制约阅读理解能力的一个重要因素 词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力 这也是一个从 已知 得出 未知 的过程 即利用上下文的已知部分 尤其是该词或短语前后的句子 进行推理 有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义 考查范围涉及单词词义理解 短语意思理解或代词指代对象等 常见的命题形式有 8 Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans Theword it they inthelastparagraphrefersto Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph Theunderlinedword inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby Whatdoesthephrase inParagraph1mean 9 方法突破七种猜词技巧疏通生词渠道1 根据转化 合成 派生等构词法进行判断 掌握一定的构词法 就不难猜测出词义 2 根据上下文解释做出判断 有时文章中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语 下面接着就出现了它的定义或解释 这是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据 3 根据上下文的指代关系进行判断 文章中的代词it that he him或them可以指上文或下文提到的人或物 其中it和that还可以指一件事 有时代词与其指代的对象相隔较远 需要对前面或后面提到的内容进行总结 才能弄清楚代词所指代的内容 4 根据同义词和反义词猜测词义 利用这种方法猜测词义 重点是要抓住文中表示递进 转折或对比意义的词语 10 5 根据因果关系进行判断 根据原因可以预测结果 根据结果也可以找出原因 6 根据转折关系 同位关系或定语从句进行判断 阅读中出现的新词 难词 其后往往会跟着一些表示递进 转折或对比意义的词语 这些词语对考生理解词汇的意义有很大的帮助 如表示转折或对比的otherwise however while insteadof ratherthan although but onthecontrary等 表示并列或递进的and aswellas notonly butalso 等 表示选择的or等 也有些试题需要考生根据句子结构来判断 有时根据定语从句或同位关系进行判断 阅读理解中出现的新词 难词 其后往往会跟一个定语从句或同位语对它进行解释 7 通过例子来猜测词义 考生通过归纳文中所举的例子 可以得出该词或短语的意义 常用来引出所举例子的提示词语有suchas forexample forinstance like等 11 例1 2016 全国 卷 C IamPeterHodes avolunteerstemcellcourier SinceMarch2012 I vedone89trips ofthose 51havebeenabroad Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells 干细胞 inmylittleboxbecauseI vegottwoicepacksandthat showlongtheylast Inall fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor 捐献者 tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient we vegot72hoursatmost SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime 12 29 Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword courier inParagraph1 A providerB deliverymanC collectorD medicaldoctor解析 B词义猜测题 根据第一段第二 三句内容 特别是里面出现的关键词trips和carry可推断 该词指的是 运送者 快递者 13 例2 2017 全国 卷 B Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess youshouldputsomethingback hewithhisNewman sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival PaulandIdidn tseeeachotherallthatregularly butsharingthatbroughtustogether Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago He dbeeninandoutofthehospital HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas andwedidn ttalkaboutit Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn tneedalotofwords 14 26 Whatdoestheunderlinedword that inparagraph3referto A Theirbelief B Theircareforchildren C Theirsuccess D Theirsupportforeachother 解析 A词义猜测题 本段讲的是他们共同的信仰 开头说 Wesharedthebeliefthat 此处又提到 butsharingthatbroughtustogether 由此可知 画线词that指的是他们共同的信仰 belief 15 例3 Infact whenitcomestotheartofwar antshavenoequal Theyarecompletelyfearlessandwillreadilytakeonacreaturemuchlargerthanthemselves attackinginlargegroupsandovercomingtheirtarget Suchistheirdevotiontothecommongoodofthecolonythatnotonlysoldierantsbutalsoworkerantswillsacrificetheirlivestohelpdefeatanenemy 16 Q Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression takeon inParagraph3mean A Accept B Employ C Playwith D Fightagainst 解析 D词义猜测题 根据上一句的描述和本句中的fearless readily attackinginlargegroupsandovercomingtheirtarget可知 它们在战争中无所畏惧 因而会攻击并战胜比它们体型更大的动物 fightagainst 攻击 故选D项 17 演练1WaltDisneyiscreditedforcreatingsuchwonderfulthingsasDonaldDuckandMickeyMouse However hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell lovedcharacters suchasCinderellaandSnowWhite TheyarealmostautomaticallyassociatedwithDisneybecauseDisneyturnedoldfables 寓言 intocartoonmovies Q Whatdoestheunderlinedword They inthefirstparagraphreferto A Suchwonderfulthings B Otherwell lovedcharacters C Oldfables D Cartoonmovies B 解析 代词指代题 依据前文的 However hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell lovedcharacters 可知此处 They 指代上文出现的otherwell lovedcharacters 18 演练2Whilehisapproachwaspeaceful hesometimesranafoulofthelaw OnmorethanoneoccasionhewasarrestedattheCapitolHillinWashingtoninconcertwithgroupsprotestingwhattheyconsideredlaxoversightoftheminingindustrybythefederalgovernment Q Theunderlinedphrase ranafoulof inthepassagemeans A laiddownB carriedoutC wentforD conflictedwith D 解析 词义猜测题 根据此段中的 Whilehisapproachwaspeaceful 及 Onmorethanoneoccasionhewasarrested 可知 他的方法是和平的 然而有时会与法律相抵触 所以不止一次被捕 故选D项 意思是 与法律 规章等 相抵触 有冲突 19 二 句意猜测理解题句意猜测理解题通常需要考生猜测具有概括性的句子或是格言 谚语等的意思 要求通过阅读文章 用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述 常见的命题形式有 Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymean By thewritermeans Bysaying theauthorimpliesthat 20 方法突破句意猜测理解题要使用推理法 即根据文章的前后语境推断出句子的意思 针对此类题 考生首先要理解句子前后的语境 其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断 最后再通过综合归纳 这样试题就很容易解答了 21 例 2017 浙江卷 A BenjaminWest thefatherofAmericanpainting showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone Inthosedays abrushwasmadefromcamel shair Therewerenocamelsnearby Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush Thebrushdidnotlastlong SoonBenjaminneededmorefur Beforelong thecatbegantolookragged 蓬乱 Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing 22 Thecat slotwasabouttoimprove Thatyear oneofBenjamin scousins Mr Pennington cametovisit HewasimpressedwithBenjamin sdrawings Whenhewenthome hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes Healsosentsixengravings 版画 byanartist ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen 23 22 Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest A Thecatwouldbecloselywatched B Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare C Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly D Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon 解析 D句意猜测题 由上文内容可知 本杰明没有画刷就从猫身上割毛制作画刷 由下文内容可知 本杰明的表兄给他带来了画刷和颜料 故画线句子暗示本杰明很快就会有真正的画刷了 故选D项 24 演练3Whengoingthroughmajorlifechanges likechangingcareers IwouldchangethepeoplewithwhomIspentthemosttime We veallgonethroughperiodswhenthepeopleinourliveshavechanged graduation movingtoanewcity gettinganewjob joininganewclub etc Idon tthinkIneedtoconvinceyoujusthowmuchinfluenceotherpeoplecanhaveoveryouridentity Ifyou veeverexperiencedamajorswitchinyourpeopleenvironment thenyouknowthatyouchangeaswell Mostpeopledon tmakethesechoicesconsciously 意识到地 though Youmightconsciouslydecidetospendmoretimewithacertainfriend oryoumayasksomeoneoutonadatetobeginanewrelationship Butfewpeoplechoosetheirexistingfriendshipsdeliberately 25 There sno gettingridofpeople Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother slives Associationsgrowintofriendships andfriendshipsfadeintoassociations Youdon tgetridofanyone Thetruthisthatinordertomakeroomfornewpeopleandnewexperiences youmayneedtoloosenupsomeofyourexistingconnections 26 Q WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean A Everyonehasatleastonefriend B Itisunnecessarytomakenewfriends C Friendshipstillexiststhoughtherearefewerconnections D Yououghttotreatyouroldandnewfriendsequally C 解析 句意猜测题 根据画线句后的 Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother slives Associationsgrowintofriendships andfriendshipsfadeintoassociations Youdon tgetridofanyone youmayneedtoloosenupsomeofyourexistingconnections 可知 尽管人们之间的联系少了 但友谊依然存在 故选C项 27 A B C VolunteeringIsFunOneafternoonIwassittingathomefeelingsobored Insteadoffeelingsorryformyself IwantedtomeetpeopleandhavenewexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering IsearchedonmycomputerandfoundawebsitewhereIcouldvolunteeronafarminFrance Mytimeworkingonafarmwasanewexperienceforme Itwasbasicallyafreeholidayasfoodandaccommodationwereprovided However itwasnotyourtypicalholidayasIhadtolookafterfifteenhorsesandsleepatthetopofatowerinacastle IwasanawfulfarmerbutitdidnotmatterbecauseImadesomegreatfriends 28 A B C However youdonotneedtogoabroadtovolunteer Ihavehadplentyofadventuresathomeasvolunteeringcanbecomeahobby Forexample IlovesingingsoIhadagoodlaughwavingmyarmsinanattempttoconductmylocalchoir Ididslowlyimproveanditfeltgreattoconductthechoirinaconcert Atuniversity Iorganisedaconcertforcharitywithmyfriends Itwasreallyfunfindingbandsandraisingmoneyforacausewebelievein Itistruethatyoufeelgoodvolunteeringbuttherearealsootheradvantages Ioncevolunteeredasaserveratacharitysportseventwheretheorganizersgavemecupcakestothankmeformyservices IalsovolunteeredinacharityshopsoIfoundloadsofnicecheapclothestoupdatemywardrobe 衣柜 29 A B C Whilethisisallfun myfavouriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories Myterribleattemptsatfarminghavegivenmehilariousstoriestotell Talkingtovolunteersfromdifferentcountriesandbackgroundshasalsohelpedmelearnmoreabouttheworld Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering 语篇导读 作者是一个喜欢从事志愿活动的人 他参与了各种各样的志愿者活动 既锻炼了自己的社交能力 也交到了很多朋友 并从中受益良多 30 A B C 1 Whydidtheauthorwanttovolunteer A Hewantedtogoabroad B Hefeltashamedofhimself C Hewantedtobeafarmer D Hewantedtotastenewlifeandmakefriends D 解析 推理判断题 根据第一段第二句中的 IwantedtomeetpeopleandhavenewexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering 可知 作者想接触更多的人 并且有新的经历 所以他决定参与志愿者活动 31 A B C 2 Theunderlinedword hilarious inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto A funnyB negativeC awfulD sad A 解析 词义猜测题 根据本文的标题和本段第一句中的 Whilethisisallfun 可知 作者在从事志愿者活动的过程中有很多有趣的故事 虽然期间也有一些不好的方面 但是更多的是有趣的故事 32 A B C 3 Whatvolunteeringworkdidtheauthordo A Helpinginacharityshop B Conductingachoirinasportsevent C HelpinginanItalianfarm D Takingcareofsheep A 解析 细节理解题 根据第四段最后一句中的 volunteeredinacharityshop 可知 作者曾经在一家慈善商店里面做过志愿者 charityshop指的是为弱势群体专门设立的商店 里面的东西物美价廉 33 A B C 4 Howdoestheauthorfeelaccordingtothelastparagraph A Curious B Anxious C Grateful D Cautious C 解析 推理判断题 根据最后一段最后一句中的 Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeople 可知 作者在从事这些活动的过程中 对生活更加感恩 34 2016 云南昆明七校调研 Forthefirsttime researchershavediscoveredthatsomeplantscankillinsectsinordertogetadditionalnutrients Newresearchshowsthattheycatchandkillsmallinsectswiththeirownstickyhairsneartherootsandthenabsorbnutrientsthroughtheirrootswhentheinsectsarekilledandfalltotheground ProfessorMarkChase ofKewandQueenMaryUniversityofLondon said Thecultivated 栽培的 tomatoesandpotatoesstillhavethehairs Tomatoesinparticulararecoveredwiththesestickyhairs Theydotrapsmallinsectsonaregularbasis Theydokillinsects A B C 35 Thenumberofthesecarnivorousplantsisthoughttohavecomeupto50percentandmanyofthemhaveuntilnowbeenwronglyregardedasamongthemostharmlessplants Amongthemarespeciesofpetunias 矮牵牛 somespecialtobaccoplantsandcabbages somevarietiesofpotatoesandtomatoes etc ResearchersatRoyalBotanicGardens Kew whichcarriedoutthestudy nowbelievetherearehundredsmorekillerplantsthantheypreviouslyrealized Itisthoughtthatthetechniquewasdevelopedinthewildtogetnecessarynutrientsinpoorqualitysoil andevenvariousplantsgrowninyourvegetablegardenstillhavetheability A B C 36 Theresearchers publishingtheirfindingintheBotanicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety said Wemaybesurroundedbymanymoremurderousplantsthanwethink Weareaccustomedtothinkingofplantsasbeingharmless andthereissomethingdeeplyfrighteningaboutthethoughtofmeat eatingplants theyadded 语篇导读 本文是一篇说明文 研究报告表明 一些植物为了获取额外的营养会杀死昆虫 而这种能力是它们在自然界中为了生存而进化得来的 A B C 37 1 Tomatoesandpotatoeskillinsectsto A getmorestickyhairsB makethemselvesgrowbetterC maketheirrootsstrongerD avoidfallingdowntotheground B 解析 推理判断题 根据第一段的第一句 Forthefirsttime researchershavediscoveredthatsomeplantscankillinsectsinordertogetadditionalnutrients 可推知 一些植物为了得到额外的营养会杀死昆虫 从而可以让它们自己长得更好 且第三段中提到 西红柿和土豆就是这种植物 A B C 38 2 Theword carnivorous inParagraph3mostprobablyrefersto A fast growingB rareC insect killingD nutritious C 解析 词义猜测题 根据第二段中的 Theydokillinsects 可推知 这些植物会杀死昆虫 所以画线词的意思与C项最接近 意为 杀虫的 即食肉植物 A B C 39 3 Thetechniqueforvegetablestotrapinsectsismostprobablydevelopedthrough A evolutionofspeciesB helpsfromothergardenplantsC artificialcultivationD nutrientspreservedinrichsoil A 解析 推理判断题 根据第四段的 Itisthoughtthatthetechniquewasdevelopedinthewildtogetnecessarynutrientsinpoorqualitysoil 可推知 植物捕杀昆虫的能力是它们在自然界中为了生存而进化得来的 A B C 40 4 Thetextisprobablytakenfrom A astudentbookB sciencefictionC ascientificreportD abiologytextbook C 解析 推理判断题 根据第一段的第一句 Forthefirsttime researchershavediscoveredthatsomeplantscankillinsectsinordertogetadditionalnutrients 可推知 本文是一篇科研报告 A B C 41 A B C Alotofsmallbusinessownersputthemselvesinanembarrassedpositionintheirowncompanies Considerthisscene thecompanyownerwhohasthirtyindividualsworkingforhiminthebusinessdoesallthework Stoptheactualwrongbeliefthatyou retheonlyonewhocandothejob Youareanindividual Arobotormachinemustrest orbechanged Thebestwaytoreplaceyourselfisnotthroughsomeoneelse butwithasystem Asystemorprogramdoesn talwaysmakereferencetosomethinghigh tech It smoreabouttheactualadministrationprocessflowthatgetsissuesrunningsmoothly 42 Systemizingyourbusinessisvitallyimportantforthesuccessofthecompany About80 ofwhat scompletedinyourbusinesscanbesystemized Takeamomenttodeterminealloftheroutinethingsthataredoneinyourcompany Nowrecordthebestwaytoachievetheseduties However creatingsystemsisn tenough Youhavetoensurethatthemethodsaresimpletofollow andeasytocomplete Ifyoudonotallowittobeeasy itwon tbedone oratbestitwon tbeconsistent Withsystemsandprocessesinposition it ssimplyusingafewpeopletooperateindividualsystems Agreatnumberofcompaniesthatpossessestablishedsystemshavemadegreatachievementsthroughtheyears BurgerKingisagoodactuallifeexample A B C 43 Toconstructa