专业英语复习提纲.docx

Metal 金属 ferrous metal 黑色金属 nonferrous metal 有色金属strength强度 corrode腐蚀 blow moulding吹塑法compression moulding压型法 foundry铸造 pig iron生铁copper-base alloys 铜基合金 drop forging 落锤锻 furnace炉phrometer高温计 solder焊料 melting point熔点electrode电极 annealing退火 Tempering回火cam凸轮 pulley皮带轮 follower从动件pulley带轮 critical临界点 key键 spring弹簧cantilever悬臂 square key方键 woodruff key半圆键tapered key锥形键 washer垫片 screw螺钉nut螺母stud螺栓 rear-wheel后轮 connecting-rod连杆the transmission变速箱 milling machines铣床 grinding磨削turning车削 planing刨削 surfaceness表面粗糙度surface grinder平面磨床 centerless grinder无心磨床 internal grinder内圆磨床external grinder外圆磨床 cold-working operations冷作加工mould 模具 automatic machinting自动加工 chip 切屑stroke冲程 roughing operation粗加工 trail踪迹finishing operation精加工 solder焊接 melting point熔点quench淬火 machining切削加工 grinding 磨削加工moduluss of elasticity弹性模量 low carbon steel低碳钢 high-speed steel高速钢gears齿轮 spur gear直齿轮 helical gear斜齿轮mesh啮合 lubricant润滑剂 worm gear蜗轮worm蜗杆 lead导程 right-hand threads右手螺旋rear-wheel后轮 connecting-rod连杆 the transmission变速箱bearings轴承 sliding-contact bearings滑动轴承 rolling-contact bearings滚动轴承couplings联轴器 rigidly刚性 inertia 惯性kinetic energy 动能 friction摩擦 linkage连杆hinge铰链 lubricate润滑 spindle box主轴箱tailstock尾架 thread螺纹 tool apron刀座boring镗削 twist drills麻花钻 flank wear后刀面磨损crater wear前刀面磨损 swarf金属屑 tolerance公差upperand lower limits上下极限 limits极限尺寸 jack千斤顶knowledge engineer知识工程师 user interface用户接口Torgue 扭矩Manipulator 控制器Hard automation 刚性自动化Binary 二进制的Random access memory 读写存储器Programmagle controllers 可编程控制器Flexible manufacturing systems 柔性制造系统Computer numerical control 计算机数控Knowledge bases 知识库1.塑料的优缺点：Plastics tend to be resistant to these acids, but can be dissolved or deformed by solvents, Most plasticsare less rigid than metals ，while plastics are very light.Most plastics do not readily conduct heat or electricity readily.Plastics soften slowly and can easily be shaped while they are soft.2.带传动为什么没有精确的传动比？Smooth flat belts and V belts depend on friction on the pulleys and some slippage is inherent in their operation. Therefore, speed ratios are not precise.3.热处理工艺类型： The types of heat treatment: Annealing（退火）: heat the steel above a certain critical temperature and cool it very slowly.(it cause the metal to become more softer than before and much easier to machine) Quench（淬火）: heat the metal to a temperature above the critical temperature and cool it very quickly. Tempering（回火）: After quenching, the metal is heated again to a temperature below the critical temperature, and cool it very slowly.(helps to relieve the internal stress and makes the steel less brittle than before. ) 4.热加工方法：casting，forging5.举例，5.6个机械零件：Gears and Reducers、Worm Gear Sets、Belt drives、Screw、Shafts、Bearings、6.能传递扭矩的健有哪些：square key Tapered key woodruff key7.钢的主要力学性能：Strength强度Stiffness刚度Ductility延伸性Impact strength冲击强度Hardness硬度、Toughness韧性8.金属可分为哪两大类：1) Simple metals： More or less pure chemical elements.2) Alloys Materials： consisting of a simple metal combined with some other elements.9.齿轮的种类：Spur gears、Helical gears、parallel-shaft helical gears、straight bevel gears、spiral bevel gears、hypoid gears 、worm gears平齿轮，螺旋齿轮，平行轴斜齿轮，直齿锥齿轮，螺旋锥齿轮，齿轮，蜗轮10.车床的主要部件：headstock主油箱 tailstock尾座tool-post刀架 cross-slide横向托板11.龙门刨床的构件（5部分）：the bed；the table；the column；the crossrail；the tod head12.尺寸标注的系统有哪几个：1.）unilateral tolerance 单边标注2.）bilateral tolerance双边标注 3.）limit dimensioniny 极限尺寸13.CAD/CAM：Computer-aided design；Computer-aided manufacturing CAD functions: 1. Geometric modeling 2. Engineering analysis 3. Kinematics 4. Automated draftingCAM functions: 1. Numerical control 2. Process planning 3. Robotics 4. Factory management14.FMS柔性系统的主要功能：flexible manufacturing system To creat the cells from which the system is to be constructed15.磨床种类：cutter grinder, surface grinder, centerless grinder, external grinder, internal grinder. 刀具磨床，平面磨床，无心磨床，外圆磨床，内圆磨床。16.铸造工艺包括哪些：1.） making molds 2.）preparing and melting the metal3.）pouring the metal into the molds 4.）cleaning the castings. 17.刀具的磨损类型：Flank wear, crater wear, and notch wear.18.铣床主要部件：1) starting levers; 2) spindle; 3) column; 4) knee; 5) elevating screw; 6) table; 7) index head; 8) speed levers; 9) feed levers; 10) table movement levers; 11) foot stock; 12) arbor yoke.19.主轴箱有哪些部件机构: spindle主轴；driving驱动机构；gear mechanisic齿轮机构；torgue20. 热加工类型：cold working、Hot working：Hot working of metals takes place above the recrystallization or work-hardening range.Types of metals：simple metals: more or less pure chemical elements. Alloys materials: consisting of simple metals combined with some other elements.The definition of ore矿石：a ore is a mineral consisting of metal combined with some impurities. Advantages of plastics: plastics tend to be resistent to inorganic acid; plastics are very light,with a specific gravity normally between 0.9-1.8;most plastic do not readily conduct heat or elctricity; plastics soften slowly and can be easily shaped while they are soft. Disadvantage of plastics: can be dissovlved or deformed by solventsThe technique employed in fabricating plastic production该技术用于制造塑料制品生产: injection molding, compression molding, vaccum molding, blow molding. Foundry process铸造工艺: consisting of making molds, preparing and melting the metal, pouring the metal into the molds , and cleaning the castings. The advantages of iron used in casting铸造用铁等优点: low melting point, low price and ease of control.The definition of foundry铸造: a place where the metals are cast.Two kinds of molds模具: sand molds and metal molds.The definition of soldering焊接:Soldering is a process of joining two metals by a third metal to be applied in the molten state. The types of heat treatment热处理: Annealing: heat the steel above a certain critical temperature and cool it very slowly.(it cause the metal to become more softer than before and much easier to machine) Quench: heat the metal to a temperature above the critical temperature and cool it very quickly. Tempering: After quenching, the metal is heated again to a temperature below the critical temperature, and cool it very slowly.(helps to relieve the internal stress and makes the steel less brittle than before. ) The types of stee钢 : carbon steel( contains only carbon and iron) and alloy steel(contains some other alloying elements)The definition of mechanical propertities机械性能: mechanical propertities are the characteristic responses to the applied forces. Mechanical propertities of steel: strength, stiffness, toughness, impact strength, ductility.The imprecision of belt drives不精确的皮带驱动: Smooth flat belts and V belts depend on friction on the pulleys and some slippage is inherent in their operation.Keys: Keys are the most common machinery parts that are used to prevent relative motion between a shaft and machine elements by transmitting torques.The components of lathe车床的组成部分: The main components of the lathe are the headstock and tailstock at opposite ends of a bed, and a tool-post between them which holds the cutting tool. The components of planer刨床: The main parts of the planer include the bed, the table that moves back and forth, the column, the crossrail which moves up and down on the column, and the tool heads that are fastened to the crossrail. The types of grinding machines研磨机: cutter grinder,surface grinder,centerless grinder, external grinder, internal grinder. The principal parts of a plain grinding machine: base, tables, headstock and tailstock, wheel headThree types of tool wear刀具磨损: Flank wear, crater wear,and notch wearFour factors to describe the tool-cutting relationships: tool geometry,cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut.Five mechanisms which contribute to the production of a surface : the basic geometry of cutting process; the efficiency of cutting operation; the stability of machine tool; the effectiveness of removing swarf; the effective clearance angle (后角) on the cutting tool. The definition of a milling machine铣床: The milling machine is a machine that removes metal from work with a revolving milling cutter as the work is fed against it. Dimentioning system: Unilateral tolerancing system and bilateral tolerancing systemCAD/CAM use digital computers, with their high speed and accuracy,as integrating force through the entire process from engineering design to product manufacture.The various computerized functions under CAD/CAM fall into three general areas各种计算机功能的辅助一般分为三个方面 1. Design/drafting, or computer-aided engineering.2. Planning/scheduling, or management information systems.3. Fabrication, or manufacturing automation.CAD functions: 1. Geometric modeling 2. Engineering analysis 3. Kinematics 4. Automated draftingCAM functions: 1