音标及语音记忆法.doc

音标及语音记忆法 一、前元音 一、音标 二、元音元音跟辅音的显著区别在于元音发声时，气流从口腔发出来时不受任何阻碍。发辅音时，气流从肺部通过声门冲出声带，使声带发出均匀振动，然后振动气流不受阻碍地通过口腔、鼻腔，经过舌、唇的调节发出不同的音。元音分为单元音和双元音，单元音根据发音舌位不同，分为前元音、中元音和后元音。3、 单元音音标（前元音）。1前元音（1）发/i:/时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口型近乎闭合状态，双唇向两边平伸，呈微笑状。发音时声带振动。 发/i:/音的字母与字母组合：e：we heshemeee：seefeet wheelbeeea：teaseabeach easeie：pieceniecebelieve thiefi：kilopolice pizza 读短语和句子：have a sweet dream 做个好梦leave the team 离开团队go to see the sea 去看大海Its a deal.一言为定。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。Its not good to eat too much meat.吃太多肉是没有什么好处的。This can be seen only in the sea.这东西只有在海里才能见到。 模仿下列歌谣。See the breeze, 看那微风，teasing the tree, 她在挑逗树儿，weaving the leaves, 她摇晃着树叶，and shaking them free. 让他们自由飘落。（2）发/I/时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口型处于半合状态，呈扁平状，气流从口腔泄出，双唇向两边平伸，声带振动。 发/I/音的字母与字母组合：i：sit bit pig milke：besideexcuseeraser prettyay：Sunday holiday Monday Tuesdayey：money monkey volley honeyy：study city busy only 读短语和句子：a film ticket 一张电影票pretty women 漂亮的女人们a little bit difficult 有点儿难Business is business.公事公办。Dont cry over spilt milk.覆水难收。Lily lives in a very big city.莉莉住在一个大城市里。My little sister is now six years old.我的小妹妹已经六岁了。It makes me sick to think of it.一想起这件事我就感到很不是滋味。 模仿下列歌谣。A lovely Sunday, 一个有趣的星期天，makes me happy. 让我很开心。Dirty shirts, 一堆脏衣服，makes me busy. 让我很忙碌。（3）发/e/时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口型扁平，处于半开状态，声带振动。发此音时，要注意开头不要太大，上下齿间可以容纳一个食指尖，双唇向两边平伸。 发/e/音的字母与字母组合：e：rest seven else wellea：dead ready head alreadyue：guess guesta：any many 读短语和句子：best friend 最好的朋友pleasant guest 愉快的客人a red letter day 大喜的日子East or west, home is best.金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。Ted is one of my best friends.泰德是我最好的朋友之一。This is their red letter day.今天是他们大喜的日子。I shall never forget the lesson.我永远不会忘记这个教训。Lets get ready for the lecture.咱们准备好去听讲座吧。 模仿下列歌谣。Ted was having bread,happy in his bed. 泰德正在床上高兴地吃着面包。Mum came and said,no bread in the bed. 母亲进来并对他说：不要在床上吃面包。（4）发时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口张大，上下齿之间可以容纳一个食指尖和一个中指尖叠在一起的宽度，双唇向两边平伸，呈扁平形。注意开口要大，但双唇上下位置要保持不变，发音时声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：a：lab happy cab 读短语和句子：as soon as 即刻as a matter of fact 事实上hand in hand 手拉手地A man without money is no man at all.一分钱难倒英雄汉。Let the cat out of the bag.泄露消息。She comes from a very happy family.她出身在一个十分幸福的家庭。That man is said to have married with the left hand.据说那个人与一个左撇子结了婚。Im very glad to know that Jack is back.听说杰克回来了我非常高兴。Dont let the cat out of the bag.不要把这条消息泄露出去。She is very sad to hear of her dads death.她听到父亲去世的消息感到悲伤。 模仿下列歌谣。Jack often comes back, 杰克经常回来，he has a black hat. 他有一顶黑色的帽子。He sits on a mat. 他坐在席子上，Cats in his hat. 猫藏在帽子里。2的发音区别：是两个不同的音素，不是单纯的由加长而成。它们的发音口腔部位不同。读出下列单词并且区分。绕口令：Please eat sweet peas at ease before you sleep.睡前请随便吃点香豌豆。Its a pity its still misty in this city of Italy.很遗憾，意大利这个城市仍然很多雾。3的发音区别：普通话中没有和相似的音，有人往往将发成/e/或者，这点要注意。读出下列单词并且区分/e/和。绕口令：Ten wealthy men met twelve beggars and fed them with fresh eggs and bread.十个富人遇到十二个乞丐，喂他们吃了新鲜的鸡蛋和面包。Can you can a can as a canner can can a can？你能像罐头工一样装罐头吗？1、 中元音一、Revision1复习四个前元音音标的发音：2朗读下列短语：green leaf deep sea eat meat clean streeta big ship fifty pigs a happy family an interesting filmvery well my best friend seven pence went to Americablack cat mad man matter of fact bad bag3朗读下列句子：（1）She was happy to eat cheese.（2）He needs to eat peas and beans for his meal.（3）Dick lives in a big city.（4）A pig lives in a big pit.（5）He sells the best hens eggs every Wednesday.（6）The man ran back to get his cap and bag.（7）Jim gives a speech in the meeting.（8）Jack has a very bad bed.二、单元音音标：中元音1中元音（1）发时，舌身后缩至口腔中部，舌中部稍抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿，口型处于半开状态，呈半圆形，双唇向两边平伸。声带振动，声音短促而含糊。 发音的字母与字母组合：o：comesome nothing otheru：bus butter sun umbrellaoo：flood bloodou：double young rough enough 读短语和句子：much money 很多的钱build up the funds 筹集资金courage under pressure 临危不惧Well begun, half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。A mothers love is above that of another.母爱高于一切。She loves nothing but money.她就爱钱。You must come to supper with us and join the fun.你必须来和我们共进晚餐并享受欢乐。Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。It is fun to run and jump in the sun.在阳光下跑和跳很好玩。 模仿下列歌谣。When your work is done. 如果你的功课已做完。Lets play in the sun. 让我们在阳光下玩。Singing one by one. 一个一个接着唱。Weve a lot of fun. 我们玩得多欢畅。（2）发时，口型自然张开，舌身平放，舌尖轻抵下齿，发音时舌中部略抬高。口型处于半合状态，双唇轻松向两边平伸。声带振动，注意该音为长元音，发音不宜太短。 发音的字母与字母组合：ir：first bird girl thirdur：nurse hurt fur churchor：work worker worst worder：her term person serveear：early earth search learn 读短语和句子：learn new words 学习生词her third birthday 她的第三个生日Early bird gets the worm. 捷足先登。A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。Im learning to put first things first.我正在学习怎么让重要的事情先做好。I urge you to be firm.我希望你能坚定下来。He learned the first English word at school.他在学校学到第一个英语单词。The girl gave her a purse.女孩给了她一个钱包。 模仿下列歌谣。In the third tree, 第三棵树上，There are thirty thirsty birds. 有三十只口渴的鸟。（3）发时，舌尖轻触下齿，舌侧最高点在舌中部，口型处于半开状态，双唇略向两边伸。总是在弱读音节中出现。在词首或词中时发得较模糊，但在词尾时，应该适当延长，发音时声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：a：ago about again China husbando：today polite tomorrowe：seven happen Stevener：river ruler mother over sister or：doctor monitor labor forgeture：pleasure measure picture 读短语和句子：brothers and sisters 兄弟姐妹a doctors teacher 一位医生的老师a readers advice 一位读者的建议A little help is worth a deal of pity.一点帮助胜于一车同情。My father was a conjuror.我父亲是一个魔术师。Well, there are thirty of them, have another.好，那有三十个了，再来一个。I leant to love rough seas in summer.我开始爱夏日波涛汹涌的大海了。The teachers will get together tomorrow.老师们明天会集合。 模仿下列歌谣。Little Tucker, 小塔克，Whats for supper？ 晚饭吃什么？Rice, bread, 米饭，面包，milk and butter. 牛奶喝黄油。2和的发音区别：和是两个不同的音素，发音的口腔部位不同，牙床、长度等也有所不同。读出下列单词并且区分和。绕口令：The murmur and chirp of the early bird is heard by the earthworm.蚯蚓听到早起的鸟儿或低或高地鸣叫。The bottom of the butter bucket is the buttered bucket bottom.黄油桶底是抹上了黄油的桶底。2、 后元音一、Revision1复习三个中元音音标的发音：2朗读下列短语：much money hurry up trust us love each otherearly bird thirsty girl turn over a useful persona cup of water a book about china brothers and sisters a moral person3朗读下列句子：She loves nothing but money.You must come to have supper with us and join the fun.Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.Im learning to put first things first.The girl gave her a purse.The teachers will get together tomorrow.二、单元音音标：后元音1后元音（1）发时，舌头置于口腔底部，舌后部略微抬高，口腔完全张开，但不呈圆形，口腔肌肉绷紧，发长音，这是音标中所需口型最大的音标，发音时停顿稍长，声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：a：ask lastglassgrassar：car far smartal：calf behalfhalfau：laugh 读短语和句子：start the bargain 开始议价do harm to the heart 对心脏有害He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。Work hard and play hard.工作的时候要拼命干，而娱乐的时候要尽情玩。The park is far from the farm.公园离农场很远。Its hard to start the car.这辆车很难发动。Last week, I went to see my father after the party.上周晚会后我去见了父亲。I like to pass through the garden park.我喜欢穿过公园的园林。 模仿下列歌谣。Farmer on the farm, 农民站在农田里，waves his arms. 挥舞着双臂。Barber in the park, 理发师坐在公园里，holds his cup. 拿着他的杯子。（2）发时，舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起，口型处于半开状态，双唇收圆，向前突出，舌尖不抵下齿，发音时声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：or：short sport corn moreal：talk volleyball small callar：warm wharfquarterwarau：autumn author Paulaw：paw law draw 读短语和句子：all thoughts 所有的想法from door to door 挨家挨户地on the fourth floor 在第四层Look before you leap. 三思而后行。Four eyes see more than two. 集思广益。He was born on August the fourth.他生于八月四日。He is only four, but he can walk and talk.他只有四岁，但能走会说。 模仿下列歌谣。What is the short dooron the first floor for？在一楼的那个小门是做什么的？Open it and see what its for. 将门打开看看是做什么用的。Oh, its for a store! 噢，是用来储存东西的。（3）发时，先将舌位调整至发音时的状态，然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩，双唇稍稍收圆但不要向前突出，短促发出声音即为，声带需振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：o：hot dog sorrya：want whatwater 读短语和句子：a popular shop 一家受欢迎的商店lost the job 丢掉了工作knock down a robber 击倒一个强盗Barking dogs do not bite.吠犬不咬人。My boss has got a pot of hot water.我老板有了一壶热水。The dog is standing in the shop.狗站在商店里。Look at the frog on the log.看那圆木上的青蛙。The coffee is of top quality.这咖啡的质量极高。模仿下列歌谣。There is a cock.beside the dog, 在狗的旁边有一只公鸡，wearing a sock,watching the clock. 公鸡戴着帽子看着钟表。（4）发时，舌身后缩至口腔中部，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌尖离开下齿，双唇收圆收小，口型近乎闭合状态，声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：o：prove who do moveu：ruler rule June truthoo：food cool school zooue：blue clue glue trueou：group soup youth 读短语和句子：bring food to school 带食物去学校prove it to be true 证明它是真的remove the rule 废除这项规定see a movie at noon 在中午看场电影One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。I choose blue shoes to take to school to you.我帮你带蓝色的鞋到学校。Drink fruit juice when you have the flu.当你感冒的时候喝点果汁就会好些。Do not move during June and July.六七月间不要太运动。I have just bought a new blue suit.我刚买了一套蓝色新西装。You should choose between the two.你得在两个中间挑一个。 模仿下列歌谣。Blue eyes, 蓝眼睛，babys got blue eyes, 宝贝有一双蓝眼睛。Like a deep blue sea, 像深蓝色的海洋，on a blue day. 在蔚蓝的天空中。（5）发时，舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌尖离开下齿，双唇收圆，向前突出，口型处于半合状态。舌头放松，声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：u：push pull pudding putoo：foot look good woodoul：could would should 读短语和句子：a good book 一本好书by hook or by crook 不折手段A good wife makes a good husband.成功的男人背后必定有位好妻子。Books and friends should be few but good.读书如交友，应求少而精。At noon, I took a good book and sat by the pool in the wood.中午我带上一本好书，坐在林子里的池塘边。 模仿下列歌谣。I have a book. 我有一本书。Its very good. 它很好。I have a boot. 我有一双靴子。Best for my foot. 很合我的脚。2区别和比较（1）的发音区别： 这两个发音有相同的地方，都与中文的“啊”有一定的联系，但是发音较长，发音较短促有力，所以在读音中要注意。读下列单词，并注意和的区别：（2）和的发音区别： 和的发音部位不同，所以不是单纯地由加长而成。读下列单词，并且区分和。（3）的发音区别：是两个不同的音素，不是单纯地由加长而成。普通话中没有和相同的音，不要将误发成。读下列单词并且区分和。绕口令：Give two true tools to the troops.给军队两个真正的工具。Mr. Cook said to a cook, “Look at this cook-book. Its very good.”库克先生对一个厨师说：“你来看一下这本烹饪书，非常好。”3、 双元音音标（1）一、Revision1复习五个后元音音标的发音：2朗读下列短语：fast car a dark hall heart transplant a large parka short story talk horse more or less four ballscotton socks borrow a clock a pocket watch hot coffeea tooth for a tooth at noon too good to be true choose twogood cook full of wool look at the foot push the wood3朗读下列句子：（1）Give papa a cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup.（2）Do not pour the water on the floor.（3）He got a job in the printing shop.（4）Use a ruler as you do at school.（5）The bush was full of good wood.二、双元音音标：1发音时，由/e/向/I/快速滑动，发音过程中下颚向上合拢，舌位也随之稍稍抬高。 发音的字母与字母组合：a：late same place snakeai：mail wait train aimay：play say pay bayeigh：weight eightheight 读短语和句子：hate to be late 讨厌迟到in the same way 以同样的方式make a mistake 犯了一个错误No pains, no gains.没有付出，就没有收获。Call a spade a spade.直言不讳，有啥说啥。他成名于20世纪80年代末。Can you stay and play another game？你能留下来再玩个游戏吗？ 模仿下列歌谣。Rain rain, go away. 雨，雨，走开。I want a sunny day. 我想要一个晴天。Rain rain, go away. 雨，雨，走开。Little puppy wants to play. 小狗儿想去玩。2发音时，由向/I/快速滑动，和普通话“啊”相似，但舌位更靠前，发音清晰，持续时间稍长。 发音的字母与字母组合：i：nice biketime tigery：why by cry tryie：die pie lie tieigh：nightlight sight fight 读短语和句子：my life 我的生活bright sunshine 明媚的阳光ride a bike 骑自行车arrive at nine 九点钟抵达Like father, like son.有其父必有其子。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。I drove five miles with Mike on Friday night.周五晚上我和迈克开车开了五英里。The kite is flying high in the sky.风筝高高地飞在空中。 模仿下列歌谣。Bike bike, ride. 自行车，自行车，骑呀骑。Kite kite, fly. 风筝，风筝，飞呀飞。Night night, light. 黑夜，黑夜，需要光。Light light, bright. 灯光，灯光，好明亮。3发时，首先发单元音/，在/的基础上将口型略为收缩，由单元音/很自然地过渡到单元音/I/。双唇逐渐由圆变扁，口型由开到合。 发音的字母与字母组合：oi：oil soilcoin voiceoy：toy joy enjoy destroy 读短语和句子：boiled oil 熟油an annoying boy 一个讨厌的男孩Boys will be boys.孩子总归是孩子。I enjoy the boys voice.我喜欢听这男孩的声音。 模仿下列歌谣。Boys, boys, boys. 男孩们，男孩们，男孩们。Dont make noise! 不要吵闹！Boys, boys, boys. 男孩们，男孩们，男孩们。Play with toys. 去跟玩具玩。4发时，由不圆唇的出发，向圆唇的滑动，双唇收小收圆，舌位由半低到高。注意第一部分发音稍长，滑动的过程稍短些。 发音的字母与字母组合：o：go rose broke homeoa：road coat load coalow：show yellow slow snowoe：toe Joe foe 读短语和句子：go home 回家follow ones nose 听某人的指示have no hope 没有希望All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。Go and open the window.去打开窗户。A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。 模仿下列歌谣。Coat coat, boat. 大衣，大衣，船舶。Coat in the boat. 大衣放在船舶里。Goat goat, road. 羔羊，羔羊，小路。Goat on the road. 羔羊走在小路上。 双元音音标(2)一、Revision1复习前四个双元音音标的发音：2朗读下列短语：3朗读下列句子：（1）I am sorry for coming late again.（2）Mikes wife likes her life in the countryside.（3）East or west, home is the best.（4）I enjoy the boys voice.二、双元音音标：1发音时，由向滑动，滑动时双唇逐渐收拢收圆，舌位由低到高，注意将音发足，避免一开始就把双唇收圆。发音时，声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：ou：southabout loud outow：cowhow flower crowd 读短语和句子：outside the house 在房子外面from mouth to mouth 广泛流传like a drowned mouse 像只落水老鼠似的An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。They found it around the house.他们在房子周围找到它。Sound in body, sound in mind.有健全的体魄，才有健全的精神。She is out of town every now and then.她时不时会出城去。 模仿下列歌谣。Look at the mouse, 看看那只老鼠，opening its mouth. 张着大嘴。Wearing its blouse, 穿着衬衫，hiding in the house. 躲在房子里。2发音时，由/I/向快速滑动，发/I/时注意用扁平唇，嘴不要张得太大，迅速由/I/向滑动。发音时，声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：ea：area idea theatreear：ear hear deareer：beer peer deerere：here severe mere 读短语和句子：be all ears 全神贯注year in and year out 一年到头So near and yet so far. 咫尺天涯。In at one ear and out at the other.左耳进右耳出。My dear deer drinks beer.我亲爱的小鹿喝啤酒。I fear we cant hear him clearly.我恐怕我们不能听清楚他说话。You are serious but sincere, my dear.亲爱的，你虽严肃但很忠诚。 模仿下列歌谣。Touch your ears. 摸摸你耳朵。Touch your nose. 摸摸你鼻子。Touch your mouth. 摸摸你嘴巴。Touch your eyes. 摸摸你眼睛。3发时，舌头从前元音/e/向中元音 滑动，靠近时停止，嘴唇自然张开。舌尖下垂，开口程度稍稍收小。发音时，声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：are：hare dare care shareair：hair fair pair chairear：pear wear bearere：where there 读短语和句子：spare some time 抽出一些时间Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Thats a rare pair of shoes for a female to wear.那是一双很适合女性穿的鞋子。This affair is unfair compared to that one.与那件事相比，这事不公平。Its over there on the chair.它在那边的椅子上。 模仿下列歌谣。Looking at the hare, 看那只野兔，sitting on a chair. 坐在一张椅子上。Holding a pear, 它举着一个梨子，and combing its hair. 在梳它的头发。4发时，从后元音向中元音滑动，靠近时停止，唇形从圆变为正常，发音时力求过渡自然。发音时，声带振动。 发音的字母与字母组合：ure：sure surely assureoor：poor moor boorour：tour tourist detour 读短语和句子：a poor lady 一个贫困的女士a wonderful tour 一次很棒的旅行Im sure this is newer and purer.我确信这个更新更纯。Are you sure you can endure such a long tour？你确定你能忍受这次长途旅行？I will tour this European country as usual.我会像往常一样浏览这个欧洲国家。 模仿下列歌谣。I am not sure, 我不确定，whether Bruce is poor, 布鲁斯是否穷，but not long ago he had a tour. 但是前不久他去旅游了。三、双元音比较训练1读单词beardbared carecure baitbite raiserisetiletoil nowno loudload milemailshowshareshy theythoughthere bearbeerbay2读句子（1）They will offer help as they said.他们会如所说的一样提供帮助。（2）The old goat can no longer walk.老山羊再不能走了。（3）Im sure the poor farmer is curious about this tour.我肯定那可怜的农民对这次旅行很好奇。（4）I want the whole world to hear my voice.我希望全世界听到我的声音。（5）I will tour the city this summer holiday.这个暑假我将游览那座城市。辅音音标（1）一、复习20个元音音标的发音：二、辅音音标：爆破音1爆破音/p/和/b/。（1）发/p/音时，双唇要紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。/p/为清辅音，要送气（如果拿一张纸放在嘴边，纸会颤动），声带不振动。 发/p/音的字母与字母组合：p：pen lip ship peoplepp：applehappy appear pepper 读短语和句子：a pretty present 一件漂亮的礼物a piece of paper 一张纸the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。I put the book on the CD player.我把书放在CD机的上面。Plenty of people are coming to this place.许多人将来这地方。（2）发/b/音时，双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。/b/为浊辅音，发音时不送气，但声带振动。 发/b/音的字母与字母组合：b：big bus box cab tablebb：rabbit rabble rubber cabbage stubborn 读短语和句子：bank book 存折baked beef 烤牛肉black and blue 青一块紫一块Beauty and Beast 美女与野兽The rubber ball is on the table.橡皮球在桌上。Bring back your beautiful blue bike.去把你那辆漂亮的蓝色自行车拿回来。2爆破音/t/和/d/。（1）发/t/音时，双唇微开，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然下降，气流冲出口腔。/t/为清辅音，声带不振动。 发/t/音的字母与字母组合：t：tell tall time fat sporttt：little attack pretty written bottle 读短语和句子：at times 有时not at all 一点也不write a letter 写一封信Tom and Ted are taller than their parents.汤姆和特德比他们的父母高。He is too young to tell the time.他太小了，还不会认时间。（2）发/d/音时，舌尖抵住上齿，堵住气流，然后快速放下，发出爆破音。发音位置与/t/音相同，但/d/音为浊辅音，声带振动。 发/d/音的字母与字母组合：d：dad day red card dogdd：daddy middle add muddy sudden 读短语和句子：a cold day 寒冷的天气depend on