Readingandvocabulary (2).doc

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧Reading Comprehension学案-How to get the main idea 学校：宜宾市李庄中学 教师：廖义华Step One: Lead-in1.阅读题型第 8 页 共 8 页1. 3. 5. 2. 4. 主旨考例分析(2015安徽)When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How to Run a Corporation B. Strength Comes from PeaceC. How to Achieve a Big Dream D. Family Unity Builds SuccessStep Two: forms of questions1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2) 目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is to The author intends to.3) 标题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might be Step three: Brainstorming:How to get the main idea of a passage? Step 4 Some skills to get the main ideaStep four: How can we find out the topic sentence of a passage?Have a discussion and then give students a sample and then help them get the relative ways to solve each type. Sample 1Sample 1(2015新课标)Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.28.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving DinnerC. Effects of Self-Consciousness. D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。 Sample 2（2016新课标III） Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B .Online News Attracts More PeopleC. Reading Habits Change with the Times D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。 作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。 Sample 3( 2013新课标 ) Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger,faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless ofpositions.39.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe B. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC. The Making of a Good Pilot D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor（3）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.? What is the feature of a topic sentence? 1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but,yet,however,infact,indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。 2)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词： “inbrief/short,above/in/after/allinall,conclusi,in a word”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。 3)如果主题句含有show, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。Sample 4 (2015安徽) Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is acommon human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.75. What is the passage mainly about?A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food.C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture.（4）首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.Sample 5 （2016四川卷） A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. . Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.34.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat, Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health (5) 从段落中寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词Step5 Summary:1.How can we get the main idea of a passage? 2.How and where to find out the topic sentence ？TypeThe position of the topic sentenceInformation wordsStep 6 Practice1.（2016新课标I）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold2.(2015天津)Boldness a willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless.C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little.3.（2014湖北卷）Londons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.58. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps B. The Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectC. The Shard: New Symbol of London? D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?4.(2013天津) Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路)in life that by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But I as quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey-and the best part of yourself.50.What could be the best title for the passage?A. Charm of the Detour B. The Road to Bravery C. Creativity out of Necessity D. Road trip and Country Life Homework阅读理解专项练习主旨大意题英语阅读理解专题主旨大意1【考例分析1】2011广东In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.45. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a new business model. B. To compare two business models.C. To predict a change of the global market. D. To advocate sustainable development.2【考例分析2】2011广东Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success.35. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?A. We should learn to live in harmony. B. We should know more about animals.C. We should live in peace with animals. D. We should learn more body languages.3【考例分析3】2011湖南A recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的 )species The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard University when they were examing the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephantsthe Asian elepphant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.70. Which of the following can be the best tille for the passage?A. Naturalist Beliefs about Elephants B. Amazing Experiments about ElephantsC. An Unexpected Finding ahout Elephants D. A Long Scientifif Debate about Elephants4【考例分析4】2011江苏We know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldnt we know who they are?. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?59. Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 5【考例分析5】2011江苏Shay asked, “Do you think theyll let me play?” Shays father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. Shay didnt make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!70. What to you think is the theme of the story?A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.B. Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled.C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.6【考例分析6】2011山东Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.75. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center B. New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries7【考例分析7】2011江西Winners ClubYou choose to be a winner!The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account（交易账户）where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7 thats 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!65. What is the purpose of this text?A. To set up a club. B. To provide part-time jobs. C. To organize key-cards.D. To introduce a new banking service8【考例分析8】2012新课标Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.63. What can be the best title for the text?A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lovers Helper9【考例分析9】2012福建Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes，accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales (童话）.Henning Noske, the editor of the Braunschweiger Zeitung, said： “Maybe it is an old person who is about to die. We just do not know. ” However, he has told his reporters not to look for the citys hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.59.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Money Is Raised by the Newspaper B.Newspaper Distributes Money toC.Unknown Hero Spreads Love in Envelopes D.Robin Hood Returns to the City10【考例分析10】2012湖南Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells. The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called shrilk. It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Recent Progress in Environmental Protection B. Benefits of Insects in Scientific ResearchC. The Harm of One-time Products D. A Possible Alternative to Plastic11【考例分析11】2012湖南Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which areprobably a mere walk away from your college.Kings Art CentreA day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the mostinteresting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend tees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.You could attend a class teaching you how to learn from the masters or get more creative with paint - free of charge.The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee. .65. What is the passage mainly about?A. Some places for weekend breakB. A way to become creative in art.C. The colourful life in the countryside. D. Unknown stories of Cambridge University.12【考例分析12】2012辽宁 If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. IIed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. . So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. 66. What is the best title for the passge?A. Forgotten Wisdom in America B. Huge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC. Chinese Culture for Westerners D. Old Thinker with a Big Future13【考例分析13】2012广东Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.45. What is the passage mainly about?A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companiesC. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events14【考例分析14】2012天津 The practice of students endlessly copying letters a