文化段落汉英对照考试复习.doc

文化段落（文化一瞥）汉英对照供段落翻译（汉译英）考试复习之用1.在许多国家，开始寒暄几句是商务拜访的习俗。但观察家发现，这个习俗在美国却不受欢迎。美国人在生意场上很少进行礼节性交往，他们不会在轻松的环境里悠闲地谈生意，也不会通过打高尔夫球来增进彼此的信任感，他们一般通过工作而不是社交方式来评估了解他人。这是因为美国人深感人生的短暂，他们深深懂得，光阴一去不复返。因此他们会仔细规划时间，尽量让每分钟都过得有意义。Making opening exchanges is the convention of the business call in many countries. But observers find it not welcomed in the States. Americans seldom conduct ritual interaction in business, they dont have leisurely business chat in relaxed surroundings, neither do they play golf to develop a sense of trust. They generally probe and assess their visitors professionally rather than socially. This is because Americans have an acute sense of shortness of lifetime, they know very well time cant be replaced. Consequently, they carefully budget time and want every minute to count2. 春节是中国最具特色的重要传统节日，标志着中国农历新年的开始，从除夕一直持续到正月十五元宵节。春节是家人团圆的节日，这一点和西方的圣诞节很相似。在外地工作的人，都会不远千里回到家里和父母团聚。在除夕之夜，一家人聚在一起包饺子、吃年夜饭，即团圆饭。春节期间家家户户都会贴春联、贴年画。晚上12点左右，家家燃放烟花爆竹，辞旧迎新，希望送走不幸，迎来好运。春节第一天，大家互相拜年，送上最美好的祝愿。春节期间活动丰富多彩，如敲锣、打鼓、走高跷、舞龙舞狮等。The Spring Festival is the most unique and important traditional Chinese holiday. It marks the beginning of the Chinese lunar New Year, lasting from the New Years Eve to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month. Like Christmas in the West, the Spring Festival is a time for family reunion. People working away from home will travel a long distance to come back to join their parents. On New Years Eve, the whole family gets together, making jiaozi and enjoying the meal of the Eve, or family reunion dinner. Every household will paste up Spring Festival couplets and Chinese New Year pictures. Around 12 oclock at night, every family will set off fireworks and firecrackers to greet the new days and send off the old ones, hoping to cast away bad luck and bring forth good luck. On the first day of the Spring Festival, people pay New Years calls, giving best wishes to one another. There are various activities during the Spring Festival, such as beating drums and striking gongs, as well as stilt-walking, dragon and lion dances3. 农历正月十五元宵节是中国人的传统节日。元宵节又称灯节或上元节，是春节后的第一个重要节日，标志着春节的结束。正月是农历的元月，古人称夜为“宵”，而元月十五晚上又是一年中第一个月圆之夜，所以称正月十五为元宵节。元宵节的习俗在全国各地不尽相同，其中赏花灯、猜灯谜、吃元宵等是几项最常见的民间习俗。很多地方举办元宵节灯会，会上设计各异的灯笼吸引人们前来观赏。吃元宵是元宵节的另一项重要内容。据说，吃元宵的习俗起源于汉代，唐宋时期开始流行。元宵有“团圆”之意，因此吃元宵喻示着家庭团圆、和谐幸福。如今，元宵已成为人们的日常饮食之一。在超市一年四季都可以买到。The Yuanxiao Festival in China is a traditional festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month on the lunar calendar. The festival, also known as Lantern Festival or Shangyuan Festival, is the first important festival after the Spring Festival, marking the end of the latter. The first month of the lunar calendar is called the yuan month, and in olden times night was called xiao in Chinese. The fifteenth day of the yuan month sees the first full moon of the lunar year. Therefore, the day is called Yuanxiao Festival. Although customs of the festival vary from region to region, the most common ones include appreciating lantern exhibits, trying to solve riddles written on lanterns, and eating yuanxiao。In many places lantern fairs are held on this day, attracting people to come and appreciate the lanterns of various designs. Eating yuanxiao is another important part of the festival. It is said that the custom of eating yuanxiao originated from the Han Dynasty and became popular during the Tang and Song periods. Yuanxiao has the connotation of “reunion”, thus eating yuanxiao signifies family life. Nowadays, yuanxiao has become a food in peoples daily life, which is available in supermarkets all the year round. 4. 梁山伯与祝英台是中国古代民间传说之一，也是一个在世界上产生了广泛影响的中国民间传说。梁祝的故事家喻户晓，在民间流传已有一千多年，仍经久不衰。从古到今，有无数人被梁山伯与祝英台的凄美爱情所深深感动。有人认为，它是中国古典悲剧之最，完美地表现了东方男女纯洁忠贞的爱情。20世纪50年代，梁祝被谱写成小提琴协奏曲，走上了国际舞台。梁山伯与祝英台被称为中国的罗密欧与朱丽叶。The Butterfly Lovers, one of the ancient Chinese folk legends, has a wide impact around the world. Widely known and spread as it has been for over 1,000 years among the folk people, the story of The Butterfly Lovers still endures today. Since ancient times, there have been countless people who are deeply moved by the tragic love of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, the lovers in the story. Some people regard it as the best of the classical Chinese tragedies and the perfect expression of pure and faithful love between oriental men and women. In the 1950s, The Butterfly Lovers was composed into violin concerto, thus making it onto the international stage. The Butterfly Lovers is known as Chinas Romeo and Juliet.5. 每年农历七月初七的七夕节，简称七夕，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。传说每年的七月初七是牛郎、织女相会的日子。在这一天，人间的喜鹊（magpie）要飞到天上去，为牛郎和织女搭一座鹊桥，好让二人渡过天河相见。在这一天的晚上，如果静静地躲在葡萄架下，就能听到牛郎、织女说的悄悄话。The Double-Seventh Festival, called Qixi in Chinese, falls on the seventh day of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. It is a traditional Chinese festival full of romance. According to the legend, Niu lang(Cowherd) and Zhinv(Weaver Maid) get together on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, all the magpies will fly into the heaven and form a bridge so that these two lovers can meet each other. People can hear their loving whispers if they hide quietly under the grape trellis6.北京烤鸭（Peking duck）是北京最受欢迎的菜肴之一。北京烤鸭的起源可以追溯到大约600年前的明朝。那时候，来自中国各地的厨师前往北京为皇帝下厨。直到清朝统治期间，北京烤鸭才在社会的不同阶层得到享用。一整只烤鸭会被放在餐桌上，服务员会把它片成薄片儿。做北京烤鸭的方法是先把宰杀过的鸭子放入开水中浸泡，然后挂在烤箱里烤上好几小时。最终吃法是配上酱汁和饼皮。Peking duck is one of the most popular dishes in Beijing. The origin of the Peking duck dates back to the Ming Dynasty, about 600 years ago. Cooks from all over China traveled to Beijing to cook for the Emperor. Until the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the Peking duck became widely appreciated among different classes. The whole roasted duck is kept on the dining table where the restaurant staff slices it thinly. The method of making Peking duck is firstly to soak the duck killed in boiling water and then hang it in an oven for many hours. It is finally served with a choice of sauces or traditional pancakes.7. 昆明是云南省省会，中国首批历史文化名称之一。昆明夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，年温差为全国最小，四级气候宜人，故被称为“春城”。昆明的旅游景点很多，最著名的是石林、滇池和世博园。引人入胜的石林明朝以来就有“天下第一奇观”之城。石林位于石林彝族自治县，包括大小石林和许多其他景点。滇池是云南省最大的淡水湖，有“高原明珠”之称。1988年，滇池被列入国家级风景名胜区名单。世博园是昆明的另一个重要人文景观，这里是1999年昆明世界园艺博览会会址。 Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, is one of the first historic and cultural cities in China. Neither very hot in summer nor very cold in winter, Kunming boasts the minimum difference in annual temperature in China and a comfortable climate all the year round, hence its alternative name “Spring City”. Among the abundant tourist attractions in the city, the most famous are the Stone Forest, the Dianchi Lake, and the Kunming Expo Garden. The enchanting Stone Forest has been known as the “First Wonder of the World” since the Ming Dynasty. Located in Shilin Yi Nationality Autonomous County, the attraction includes both large and small stone forests as well as many other scenic spots. Dianchi Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan, is called the “the Pearl of the Plateau”. In 1988, Dianchi was listed as a national-level site of scenic beauty and historic interest. The Expo Garden, another cultural attraction of significance in Kunming, is the site of the 1999 Kunming World Horticulture Exposition. 8. 筷子是广泛适用于东亚各国的传统餐具。筷子的历史起源于中国古代，最早可以追溯到商代。筷子通常由竹子、塑料、木材或不锈钢制成。第一双筷子可能用于烹饪，拨火而不是作为饮食器具。直到汉代，筷子才开始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才开始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃饭。然后它们被取名“筷子”，并拥有了今天的形状。 Chopsticks are the traditional eating utensils in East Asian countries. Chopsticks originated in ancient China and dates back to as early as the Shang Dynasty. They are commonly made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless steel. The first chopsticks were probably used for cooking, stirring the fire and not as eating utensils. Chopsticks began to be used as eating utensils during the Han Dynasty. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that chopsticks were widely used for both serving and eating. They then acquired the name kuaizi and the present shape. 9. 中国有几千年的文明史，文化宝藏光辉灿烂。其中有四部著名的古典长篇小说放射着耀眼的光芒，它们是西游记、水浒传、三国演义和红楼梦。这四部作品在中国家