重庆市主城四区2018-2019学年高一英语下学期学业质量调研抽测试题（含解析）.doc

重庆市主城四区2018-2019学年高一英语下学期学业质量调研抽测试题（含解析）本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷注意事项：1. 答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号填写在答题卡上。2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15. B.9.18. C.9.1 5.答案是C。1. When will the man come back ?A. At 10:20. B. At 10:30. C. At 10:40.2.What is the woman going to do first ?A. Go to the post office. B. Attend a party. C. Go to the cinema.3.Why cant the man get a table ?A. The woman is busy at lunch time.B. There is no free table at the moment.C. There is a traffic jam at the moment.4. What does the woman say about Bob?A. He should find a new job.B. He should choose his own major.C. He will decide to be a chemist.5.Where does the conversation take place?A. At a boat dock. B. At a weather station. C. At an airport.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. What kind of room is the mans favorite?A. Facing the sea. B. Facing the mountain. C. Facing the street.7. Who will meet the man at the airport?A. Nobody from the hotel. B. The woman herself. C. A receptionist from the hotel.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. Whom did the man want to speak to?A. Mrs. Brown. B. Mr. Brown. C. John.9. What job may the womans mother do?A. She may be a teacher.B. She may be a doctor.C. She perhaps works in a bank.10. What is the mans telephone number?A. 8533-2299. B. 8553-3299. C. 8553-2399.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.What did the man want?A. Tyres. B. Tapes. C. Ties.12.Who was the woman?A. The mans friend. B. A shop assistant. C. A customer.13. Where is the product made?A. In Switzerland. B. In France. C. In England.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. What are they talking about?A. A baseball match. B. A basketball match. C. A football match.15. Which team was defeated?A. The Oxford team. B. The London team. C. Neither of the two teams.16. How about one of the Oxford teams best players?A. He played perfectly.B. He was injured and replaced.C. He had got a red.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What can Susie do?A. Drive a car. B. Go shopping. C. Bathe the dog.18. How many languages can Susie teach you to speak?A. Four. B. Three. C. Six.19. How long can Susie run without charging?A. For 4 hours. B. For 10 hours. C. For 14 hours.20. Who is most likely to benefit from Susie?A. Business owners. B. Busy parents. C. Young students.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AI was always pretty independent, but living alone made me even more at peace. Living alone helped me grow as a human being. Caitlin Moscatellohad a similar experience:“I was the queen of my own 400-square-foot-castle for three years, and looking back, I can see that that short stretch of time was crucially important to establish my independence. It started with small things: I negotiated my rent on my own, created a household budget (预算) on my own, hashed out a savings plan on my own. I signed up for half-marathons, and actually ran them. I tried hot yoga, and hated it, but whatever, I tried it. And then, the results had a bigger payoff: I put in late hours at work, because I didnt have anyone asking me Will you be home for dinner? and got promoted. I met a guy on one of many fun, little dates, and he turned out to be the love of my life. I also got gutsier(有勇气的): I traveled abroad alone, several times, without thinking twice about it.”I also think my time alone makes me a better partner now that I share my life (and my space) with another person. The real secret of living alone? Youre not living alone, youre living with yourself. And the better you know yourself what truly makes you happy, melancholy, frustrated or bored the better you can deal with it without depending on others. Which means you wont be putting pressure on other people in your life to do that work for you.Living alone doesnt mean you become a hermit(隐者, 逸士). In fact, youll likely find yourself more excited to see people and go out when your home space is all your own. And studies have shown that single people get out more to social gatherings, community events, volunteering than those who are coupled up. Or asAletheia Luna writes, “Its human nature to take our friends, family and loved ones for granted. Living alone, devoid of the presence of others, helps us to appreciate these people more when theyarearound.”1. According to the 2nd paragraph, living alone is not good for _.A. making decisionsB. keeping up ones healthC. getting off work on timeD. having ones independence2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Caitlin Moscatello was a queen.B. The writer got married.C. Living alone can avoid feeling sadD. Aletheia Luna is a hermit.3. Whats the meaning of the underlined phrase in the last paragraph “devoid of”?A. full ofB. free ofC. short ofD. because of【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者主要讲述了独居的好处，和读者分享了他的一些个人看法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的And then, the results had a bigger payoff: I put in late hours at work, 结果是一个更大的代价：我在工作中投入了更多的时间，由此可以推知，一个人住不利于准时下班，故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的I also think my time alone makes me a better partner now that I share my life (and my space) with another person. 我也认为独处的时间让我成为一个更好的伴侣，因为我和另一个人分享我的生活(和我的空间)。由此可以看出，作者已经结婚了，故B项正确。【3题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段的Living alone, devoid of the presence of others, helps us to appreciate these people more when they are around.独自生活，没有其他人的存在，帮助我们更欣赏身边的这些人。分析句子结构可知devoid of the presence of others作为插入语用来解释说明Living alone，再结合句意可知，devoid of在此处意为“没有”，语意和“free of”相当，故选B。BScience for KidsThis months most popular books.1. Women in Science by Rachel IgnotofskyPrice $25We all know the story of Marie Curie and her many scientific achievements. But many other brilliant female scientists are far less well known. This book is a great introduction to the lives and works of some of the most important and up-to-now unknown women in science.Recommended for Ages: 12-15 【Order Now 】Special OfferFor this month only, all Besthooks Book Club members will pay 20% less for every book ordered. Join our club for free and save big money!DeliveryWe bring every book you order right to your door within three days. For Bestbooks Book Club members, this is free. Non-members must pay an extra $2 per book.2. First Big Book of How by Jill EsbaumPrice $15An excellent book about sea life for young children. The book is divided into 4 parts, one for each of the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic oceans. It focuses on the different animals found in each of these seas, along with interesting facts and amazing pictures.Ages: 5-10 【Order Now 】3. A Really Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill BrysonPrice $15Bill Bryson takes readers on a very funny and educational trip through the history of modern science-from its unexpected successes to its great failures and everything in between.Ages: 14 and over 【Order Now 】4. National Geographics First Big Book of the World by Jan Carn.Price $20This book is the perfect introduction to the seven continents. It tells young readers about the different animals that live on each of these lands and gives a simple descnption of the peoples history and culture.Ages: 5-12 【Order Now 】4. How are the books on this webpage listed?A. By price.B. By popularity.C. By readers age.D. By writers name.5. How much will a Bestbooks Book Club member pay in total if he orders First Big Book of How and A Really Short History of Nearly Everything today?A. $24.B. $26.C. $30.D. $34.6. A primary school student who needs to write a science report about African elephants should choose _.A. Women In ScienceB. First Big Book of HowC. A Really Short History of Nearly EverythingD. National Geo-graphics First Big Book of the World7. What is the main purpose of this web page?A. To sell books to young readers.B. To attract new book club members.C. To encourage students interest in science.D. To review books young readers might like.【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A【解析】本文是一片应用文。在网页上介绍了4本书，并列出了书的受众、主要内容和售价，以及一些特别优惠。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据Science for Kids部分的This months most popular books.这个月最受欢迎的书，可知这个网页上的书是通过受欢迎程度列出的，故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章可知，First Big Book of How售价15美金，A Really Short History of Nearly Everything售价15美金，再根据Special Offer部分的all Besthooks Book Club members will pay 20% less for every book ordered. 所有的Besthooks图书俱乐部会员每订购一本书将得到20%的折扣。综上，Besthooks图书俱乐部会员如果买First Big Book of How和A Really Short History of Nearly Everything这两本书需要支付($15+$15)*0.8=$24，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据National Geographics First Big Book of the World 部分的This book is the perfect introduction to the seven continents. It tells young readers about the different animals这本书是对七大洲的完美介绍。它向年轻的读者讲述了生活在这些土地上的不同动物，由此可知，一名小学生需要写一篇关于非洲象的科学报告可以选择National Geo-graphics First Big Book of the World，故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。浏览全文可知，这4本书的推荐读者是5-15岁的年轻读者，并列出了书的主要内容和售价，以及一些特别优惠Special Offer，由此可以推知这个网页的主要目的是把书卖给年轻的读者。故选A。CPeople made wings and strapped them to their arms. They flapped their arms but couldnt fly. They built gliders(滑翔机), light aircraft with wings. Some didnt work, but some did.The gliders that worked had special wings. These wings were arched on both the top and the bottom. The air pulled the wings from above and pushed the wings from below. When the wings went up, so did the glider! Arched wings help create a force called lift. Lift is the force that keeps the gliders in the air.Most gliders have long, thin wings. The wings create enough lift to carry the aircraft and its passengers. Gliders usually ride currents of air the same way a hawk soars(飞翔).Gliders are very light, and long wings and air currents can give them enough lift to fly. But to carry more than just a passenger or two, an aircraft needs a lot more lift. The question is: How do you create more lift?The engine is the answer!The engine is a machine that changes energy into movement. The forward movement that an airplane needs to fly is called thrust. More thrust makes an airplane move forward faster. Moving faster creates more lift. And with more lift, an airplane can carry more weight so an aircraft with an engine can carry passengers or cargo.In 1903 the Wright brothers figured out how to get wings and an engine to work together in order to give an airplane enough thrust to fly. They made the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.Since then people have made airplanes that can fly faster than sound can travel. They have made airplanes that can fly all the way around the world without stopping.Today, thousands of people travel in airplanes every day. People really have learned how to fly!8. If a flyer wants to stay in the air, it needs enough _.A. liftB. thrustC. wingsD. engines9. What made the flyers moving forward in the sky?A. The air.B. The lift.C. The thrust.D. The wind.10. An airplane can carry heavy weight and fly very fast mostly because of _.A. the liftB. the thrustC. the soundD. the engine11. The whole passage mainly tells us _.A. how gliders were builtB. how important the engine wasC. how people learned to flyD. how the first airplane was made【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要告诉人们是怎样学会飞行的。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的Lift is the force that keeps the gliders in the air. 升力是使滑翔机保持在空中的力。由此可知，如果一个飞行器想要停留在空中，它需要足够的升力，故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段的The forward movement that an airplane needs to fly is called thrust. 飞机飞行所需要的向前运动叫做推力，由此可知，推力使飞行器在空中向前移动，故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段的And with more lift, an airplane can carry more weight so an aircraft with an engine can carry passengers or cargo. 随着升力的增加，飞机可以承载更多的重量，所以有引擎的飞机可以承载乘客或货物。由此可知，一架飞机能够携带重物并且飞得很快，这主要是因为它的发动机，故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。浏览全文以及文章最后一段的People really have learned how to fly人们真的学会了飞行，可知本文主要告诉人们是怎样学会飞行的，故选C。【点睛】做细节题时，用题干直接在文章中进行定位，与题干意思相符的原文或是在原文附近就是答案的位置。如第二题，根据题干What made the flyers moving forward in the sky?可定位在原文的第六段的The forward movement that an airplane needs to fly is called thrust.既是答案所在。DHow much sleep do we need? Its a fundamental question about a basic human function weve been practicing for long, but theres still no simple answer. But whether youre a morning or evening person could be guided by your genes. That said, your sleeping pattern will change naturally with age, which is also reflected in the National Sleep Foundation recommendations: it suggests 14-17 hours of shuteye a day for newborn babies and only 7-8 hours for over-65s.But scientists said its about more than simple duration. Teens and people in their early 20s do want to go to bed later and get up later too, something researchers suggest might be to do with changing hormones(荷尔蒙). “On average, theres about a two-hour difference in preferred sleep times of somebody in their late teens or early twenties to somebody in their late 50s or early 60s,” he said. “So asking a teenager to get up at 7 o clock in the morning is the equivalent of asking a 55-year-old to get up at five in the morning.”At the end of the day, the best way to measure how much sleep you each need is to listen to your own body. Do you rely on an alarm clock to wake up? Do you take a long time to feel awake? Are you dependent on coffee drinks to keep you focused during the day? Are you overly impulsive(冲动的) or do you find yourself running a lot of traffic lights, for instance? All these could be signs that youre not getting enough sleep.And that, we know today, is bad. The environment can affect your sleep preferences but your genes stay. Scientists said that the understanding of the importance of sleep was “one of the great achievements of modern neuroscience(神经科学),” and that society was moving away from the all-nighter culture to respect the need for sleep.12. Whats the writers intention of writing the passage?A. To report his research results.B. To express the importance of sleep.C. To list some sleeping patterns.D. To persuade people to have enough sleep.13. What would not change according to the passage?A. Age.B. Genes.C. Hormones.D. Sleeping pattern.14. What does the underlined word “that in the last paragraph refer to?A. Not getting enough sleep.B. Listening to your own body.C. Running a lot of traffic lights.D. Not understanding of the importance of sleep.15. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Sleeping PatternsB. The Importance of SleepC. A Great Achievement of NeuroscienceD. Different People Need Different Amounts of Sleep【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要内容是介绍了不同的人需要不同的睡眠时间。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句All these could be signs that youre not getting enough sleep.和最后一段的And that, we know today, is bad.所有这些都可能是你睡眠不足的迹象，睡眠不足是不好的，由此可推知，作者写此篇文章的意图是去说服人们有足够的睡眠，故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的The environment can affect your sleep preferences but your genes stay. 环境会影响你的睡眠偏好，但你的基因不会改变。由此可知，你的基因是不会改变的，故选B。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句All these could be signs that youre not getting enough sleep.和最后一段的And that, we know today, is bad.所有这些都可能是你睡眠不足的迹象，睡眠不足是不好的，由此可知that用来指代前文事物，表示特指，故此处that指代前文的not getting enough sleep，故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。浏览全文以及文章第一段的That said, your sleeping pattern will change naturally with age,it suggests 14-17 hours of shuteye a day for newborn babies and only 7-8 hours for over-65s. 你的睡眠模式会随着年龄的增长而自然改变，新生儿每天要睡14-17个小时，65岁以上的人每天只睡7-8个小时。由此可知，不同的人需要不同的睡眠时间，因此故D选项能作为文章标题，故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Break a Bad HabitI used to have a roommate named Heather who wanted to stop smoking. I told her one tip Id learned from a smoker who had stopped successfully: “_16_”She stocked.Replacing a bad habit with a good one is possibleif youre willing. Heres how to do it successfully:Make sure the decision isyours._17_Its even worse (impossible, really) when change is someone elses idea. You have to be the one to want it. Youre far more likely to be successful if you make the decision for yourself (not your mother, or doctor). What doyoumost feel ready to change about you right now?_18_I used to go to AA with my dad and I remember something often repeated there: “If you dont want to slip, dont go where its slippery.” This meant: Enjoy “dry” places and activities, like a walk in the woods.Find some friends who you can spend a little more time with who doesnt share the habit youre hoping to reduce.Distract(分散注意力) yourself.Favourite food is alluring(诱人的) no matter how full we are, am I right? My Favourite food is pancakes. _19_A great technique(技巧) when you arent hungry but want to give in is to distract your mind. Instead of opening your fridge, leave the kitchen and start doing something in your bedroom, for example.Remember to reward yourself.Rewarding ourselves matters. _20_If youve stopped sugar, for example, you can treat yourself to a nice haircut or even a weekend away.A. Be around the right people.B. Dont make any change right now.C. Change isnt the easiest thing on earth.D Replace an unwanted habit with a good habit.E. I can even eat them after a five-course dinner.F. Help yourself to the food that you like most now.G. It is best if it has nothing to do with the unhealthy habit.【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. G【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是介绍如何摆脱坏习惯的几种方法。【16题详解】根据第二段的Replacing a bad habit with a good one is possible用