高考常见动词短语归纳小结.doc

高考常见动词短语归纳小结look 的常用短语：look up in查找 look sb. up and down 上下打量look back to/ upon回顾 look uponas把 看作 期待浏览; 看穿take a new look呈现新面貌fear的常用短语： in fear害怕地 (be) in fear of 害怕 for fear of/ that担心；生怕concentrate 的常用短语：concentrate on 专心专心于类似的短语：fix ones mind upon focus on put ones heart into focus ones mind onsurprise常用短语：in surprise惊讶地使某人惊讶的是be surprise at/to do/that对某事感到惊讶表示“穿衣”的动作或状态的词和短语1表示动作的有：pull on put on dress dress sb2. 表示状态的有：wear be in be dressed in have on常见表“喜欢”的短语和单词like care for be keen on take delight introuble的常用短语： have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在有/没有困难take great trouble to do不辞辛劳做某事put sb to the trouble of doing 为难某人做某事make trouble捣乱be in (great) trouble 惹麻烦；处在困境中help sb. out of trouble帮某人摆脱困境end的常用短语： come to an end结束 put an end to 结束on end竖起, 连续 in the end终于; 最后end up (by) doing以结束 make both ends meet收支相抵表示“导致”、“由引起”的短语：1. 导致cause sth. (to do) result in lead to 2. 由引起be caused by result from grow out of lie in表“全力以赴”的短语：do / try ones best spare no efforts to dotake great pains to do go all out to do do what somebody can (do) to do do all somebody can (do) to dodirection常用短语： in (the ) direction of.朝方向 under the direction of .在的指导下follow the directions照说明去做far常用短语：far from (being)离要求相差很远 far from +(a place)距离某地很远far away遥远 so far 到目前为止; 那么远as far as sb. knows/sees据某人所知 by far (最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用distance常用短语： in the distance在远处 from/ at a distance从远处keep sb. at a distance 于某人保持一定距离 It is no distance at all.不远use常用短语： used to do过去曾经、常做 be used to doing 习惯于be used to do被用来做 make good/ full use of充分利用come into use开始使用 it is no use doing 干没有用“出了什么事”的几种不同表达Whats wrong with.? Whats the matter with?Whats the trouble with? What happened (to sb.) ?“众所周知”常用表达法：It is known to all that主语从句，that不能省。,定语从句，置于句首We all know (that)后接宾语从句 Everyone knows (that)后接宾语从句, which is known to all.非限定从句，置于句末表“同意某人意见”的常用短语：agree with sb. /what sb. said agree to sth. approve (of) sth. in favour of sth. be agreeable to sth. be for sth. “不同意”disagree with sb./ what sb. said object to sth. disapprove (of) sth. be against sth.sign的常用短语：sign ones name签名 sign to sb (not) to do sth. 示意某人(不)做某事signs of 的迹象would rather 与 prefer 的区别1宁愿做而不做would rather do A than do B prefer A to B prefer to do A rather than do B2. would rather 主语 + 过去式，表示“宁愿”eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主语 + 过去式，表示“比较喜欢”eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.trap常用短语 be caught in a trap落入圈套 be led into a trap中圈套set a trap to do sth.设圈套 be trapped in sth.被.所围困grow常用短语in the grow of在.成长中 grow up长大; 成长grow rich on*. 变富 grow into长成grow out of由.引起/滋生出make常用短语be made up of =consist of 由组成 make up for弥补be made from/ of由造成 make up编造;组成;化妆be made into制成 make fun of取笑; 嘲弄make a living 谋生supply, provide, offer 的区别：1表示“向某人提供某物”supply / provide sb. with sth. supply / provide sth. for sb.supply sth. to sb. offer sb. sth. 2. 表示“主动提出做某事”offer to do sth. 3. 表示“倘使”、“假如”provided / providing that= on condition that=only if4. 表示“满足需要”supply / meet a need.supply的常用短语in short supply 缺乏，不足 medical/military supply医疗/军用品supplies of许多lack的常用短语. 在不足 make up for the lack of 弥补的不足for/by/from/through lack of由于不足,缺乏 have no lack of不缺damage的常用短语do damage/harm to 对有害cause damage to 对造成损害ask for damage要求赔偿die of 与die from 的区别表示“死于病”或冻死、气死，或死于过度悲伤。die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/colddie from表示死于外伤、事故、劳累过度。如：die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrustdie常用短语die for ones country为国捐躯 die down熄灭、平息die off绝种、枯死 die away消逝、静下来die a heroic death英勇牺牲threaten常用短语threaten sb. with sth.用威胁某人 threaten to do威胁做under the threat of在的威胁下speed常用短语加速 at the speed of以.的速度with great speed迅速aim常用短语take aim at瞄准 reach an aim达到目的aim at瞄准、针对permit与allow 的区别表“允许做某事”或“允许某人做某事”用法基本相同。permit/allow doing sth. permit/allow sb. to do sth.permit /allow of sth 一般在独立主格结构中表示“时间、条件等许可”，多用permitTime/Weather permitting, Ill drop in on her.allow 还可以表示“承认”、“考虑到”。例如：1. We allow him to be wronged.2. will take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic delays.means常用短语by means of通过., by this means/ in this way用这种方法by no means/决不 by all means用一切办法keep常用短语keep up with紧跟. keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做keep sb. from doing sth.阻止.做 keep off the grass勿踏草地keep to the point紧扣主题与保持联系mark常用短语make ones mark成功、出名be marked with标明gain/get full marks for 得满分seat常用短语take ones seat坐下 have a seat请坐see/find sb. seated看见/发现某人坐在. be seated就座, 坐着seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在部分 动词+ to + doing 的用法look forward to get down to object to devote topay attention to prefertogive常用短语give up放弃让步屈服give off 散发出 give away赠送、泄漏give rise to 引起 give out 疲劳、用完、散发出fit常用短语be fit for适合 keep fit/keep healthy保持健康be fit to do 适合于. fit in with适应a nice fit合身的衣服 fit sb.某人穿. 合身reach 常用短语reach an agreement达成协议伸手去拿/够within / out of reach够得到/够不着 reach sbs understanding 使某人明白feed常用短语feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用喂养be fed up of/ be tired of/ be bored with 对感到厌倦以为食mercy常用短语without mercy残忍地 have mercy on /upon 对表示怜悯at the mercy of任凭摆布 beg for mercy 乞求饶恕exist常用短语exist in/lie in/consist in存在于 in existence 现存的come into existence/ come into being 形成opinion常用短语in ones opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看来have a high/ low opinion of 对评价高/低give ones opinion on 对谈自己的看法persuade常用短语persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing 说服某人做某事try to persuade sb. to do 试图说服某人做某事persuade sb. to sth. 说服某人同意某事engage 常用短语be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚 be engaged in sth. = be engaged doing sth. 忙于, 从事某事wide 与broad 的区别它们均可以表“宽”和“广阔的”a river 50 feet wide/ broad指身体部位“宽肩、宽背”一般用broad, 表示“睁大眼睛、张大嘴巴”一般用wide。broad shoulders/ back with wide eyes open ones mouth wide wide 还可以作副词，表示“完全、大大地”be wide awake be wide opensure常用短语be sure of/about 对由把握 be sure to do sth. 肯定会make sure + that-clause 务必,一定要make sure of 弄清楚experience 常用短语have experience in 在有经验 be experienced in 在有经验pain 常用短语take great pains to do 努力做某事 spare no pains to do 全力以赴做某事stick 常用短语坚持 stick on 粘贴be stuck in 陷进 stick no bills 请勿张贴spare 常用短语spare money/time for 省出钱，腾出时间 in ones spare time 在某人业余时间spare no efforts to do 不遗余力去做 dont spare the opinions 不要保留意见put down的不同含义put down (ones knife and fork) 放下 pit down the rebellion 镇压put down what sb. says 记下，写下take up 的不同含义 take up a hobby 培养 take up football 开始take up the work 继续 take uptime/space 消耗,占据take up a post 就职 take up a song/ cry 跟着一起habit 常用短语form/get the habit of养成习惯 be in/have the habit of 有.习惯get into the habit of 沾染了恶习get rid of the habit= grow out of the habit= break away from the habit改掉了习惯【考例1】(2006重庆26)Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking【答案解密】误选A。to在学生的记忆中，经常是被用于不定式符号的，不定式加动词原形，考生牢记心中，所以答案选择A理所当然。但是，这里to却是一个介词，get down to doing sth. 开始认真对待某事。所以答案却应该是选择的D。【跳出陷阱】考生在做题时，遇到像to这样既能做不定式又能做介词的词时，要多留一个心眼，多进行一些考虑，不要一看答案就很快地选择，根本不做任何的分析。【考例2】(2006江苏34)A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案解密】误选B。许多考生看到and后，想肯定不是一个人，所以答案B感觉很正确，其实这边是a poet and artist只是代表一个人，这个人既是诗人又是艺术家，当然是用单数，如果改成a poet and an artist那么答案就应该选择B了。【考例3】(2006天津6)We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing.A. load B. hold C. fill D. support【答案解密】误选A、C。我们经常说，一辆车“装”多少人，所以，很多同学会选择A、C。而事实上，A一般是用来表示装货物的，不能用来装人，而C更多的意思上是表示装满，所以不能选择。事实上是hold有容纳的意思，所以在这里只能选择B。【跳出陷阱】英语单词的意思不能单靠记住书本上的意思，一个单词的意思是很多的。另外这些单词的意思上可能与中文意思接近，但却不能使用。大家在平时记忆单词的时候要特别注意。【考例4】(2006江西22)Im dead tired. I cant walk any farther, Jenny._, Tommy. You can do it!A. No problem B. No hurryC. come on D. Thats OK【答案解密】误选B、D。为什么会选择B和D，因为这是我们中国人的习惯说法。我太累了，走不动了。没关系，别急，你能行的。BD进去，很舒服。但外国人一般是不会这么讲的。根据外国人的文化习惯，一般会给予你鼓励，鼓励你继续做下去，所以是应该用come on。意思是，加油！你一定能行的。【考例5】(2006全国一卷35)Mary, _ hereeverybody else, stay where you are.A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming【答案解密】一个破折号，使得一个很简单的句子变得很复杂，许多同学在想这个句子是什么类型的复合句啊，但很少有同学想到，破折号连接的却是两个非常简单的祁使句。要求Mary做come here这个动作；要求everybody else做stay where you are的动作。一个破折号，让学生根本找不到解题的思路。但这个题目，却是一个非常好的题目。【跳出陷阱】复习时，对标点符合进行简单的复习，至少要知道英语中标点符合大致的用法。特别是和中文的区别。4、插入信息干扰高考的命题人非常喜欢在一个简单的句子里面，插入一些将要的信息，主要是为了干扰学生的正常的思维能力，分散考生的注意力。主要的干扰信息设置在插入语、定语和从句等。对于此类题目，考生可以把这些无用的信息完全的去掉，这样，题目会变得很简单。今年高考中，重庆卷33题，陕西卷12题，辽宁卷27题，四川卷30题就是这一类型的。【考例6】(2006重庆卷33)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A. why B. that C. where D. because【答案解密】乍一看，感觉这个题目是一个很复杂的从句，理解上很困难，其实，把干扰信息去掉后，这个句子就是Nobody believed his reason _ he had to meet his uncle. He had to meet his uncle其实就是reason的一个同位语从句，所以，答案就很容易选择出来是B了。【考例7】(2006安徽卷23)How are you getting on with your cleaning? Do you need my help? _, but I think Im all right.A. No, thanks B. Thats OK C. You are helpful D. Thats very kind of you【答案解密】很多同学会选择A答案。但是，A答案和后面的就不能用but连接了。只有对别人表示感谢或者赞美后，再说我想我能行，这样才行。【跳出陷阱】分析语境，在语境中考虑问题，考虑答案。6、省略答语干扰现在的单项选择题中，经常会出现省略答语的情况。省略后，使得学生不易看清楚句子的结构、意思。对于此类试题，学生只要学会恢复句子就可以选择出正确的答案了。今年高考中，北京卷22题，湖北卷29题即为此类型。【考例8】(2006北京卷22)When do we need to pay the balance? _ September 30.A. In B. By C. During D. Within【答案解密】将答语省略部分恢复，即we need to pay the balance_ September 30.显然，四个选项中，只有B是正确的了。2010高考英语单选及答案1. -I hope he wont get ill during the examinations.-_ . He has been very well recently.A. Certainly B. No C. Not D. Yes2. The movie is_ boring; it is, in fact, rather exciting and interesting.A. anything but B. nothing but C. no more D. all but3. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here through the heavy snow.A. neednt have driven B. cant have drivenC. mustnt have driven D. shouldnt have driven4. The shop manager always says to his assistants, We can never be customers.A. so B. too C. that D. more5. Mr. Smith_ the roll of film as soon as he arrived homeA. got down to wash B. got down to develop C. got down to washing D. got down to developing6. -The two pairs of shoes are _ the same colour.-But they are different _ colour.A. of; from B. of; in C. in; from D. in; in7. The gas tank_ twenty gallons of gas, but now it may_ only three gallons.A. holds; contain B. holds; be containedC. is held; contain D. is held; be contained8. They suggested not only to the party but also give a performance.A. did we go B. should we go C. we should go D. thought9. The president of the country was well of when he was in power.A. praised B. fond C. appreciated D. thought10. -Why has he been staying at home these days? -He _ since a month ago. A. has been out of work B. was out of work C. has lost his work D. had left from his work11. The reason_ their failure you know is they didnt get fully prepared for the experiment.A. why., that B. that., why C. for., that D. why., because12. _ great help, I could get rid of all the difficulty and succeeded.A. Offered B. Having offered C. Being supplied D. Having supplied13. -Jacks won _ holiday in London. -_ lucky fellow !A. a; A B. the; The C. a; The D. the; A14. You _think youre clever, but that doesnt give you the right to order me about!A. should B. would C. could D. might15. -Which play shall we go and see?A. Im afraid we cant B. I dont think its interestingC. Yes, I quite agree with you D. Ill leave it to you16. -I didnt know this was a one-way street, officer. _A. Thats all right. B. I dont believe you.C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but thats no excuse.17. The Bunsen Burner is so named because it is thought _ by Robert Bunsen.A. to be invented B. having been inventedC. invented D. to have been invented18. -Im told that John had another car accident this morning. -I believe not. He _so careless.A. shouldnt have been B. wouldnt have beenC. couldnt have been D. mustnt have been19. Could you give me a hand _from the car, please?A. to carry the shopping B. for carrying the shoppingC. and carrying the shopping D. carrying the shopping20. Why havent you finished your homework yet? You_ to have finished it by last Sunday.A. are supposed B. were supposed C. are supposing D. were supposing21. -The news is spreading from mouth to mouth. -Yes, it has become_ talk of_ town.A. a ; a B. the ;不填 C. the ; the D. a ;不填22. Their tent,_ light as a feather, remained firm in the storm last night.A. as if B. even C. though D. if 23. The amount of money for the seriously sick child was soon collected.A. to need B. needed C. needing D. which needed24. -_ was it_ they discovered the entrance to the underground place? -Totally by chance.A. How; that B. What ; that C. When; when D. Where; that25. It is usually not quite cold in this area in March, but sometimes temperature be very low.A. should B. can C. must D. shall26. After you have used the dictionary, please just put it back it belongs.A. where B. to which C. what D. that27. -You went late the stadium yesterday evening, didnt you? -Yes, my wife was a little late _ the supper.A. to ; with B. for; with C. for; for D. at ; for28. -Do you know when the Chinese custom_ from? -Its hard to say. But its characteristics_ the Tang Period.A. began ; prove B. started ; showC. is ; appear D. dates ; suggest29. All the preparations, were ready to start.A. made B. being made C. having made D. have been made30. -Did Mary come to your birthday party? -No. I _ her, but she was away on business. A. would like to invite B. would have liked to inviteC. must have invited D. could invite答案详解：1B否定回答用no，而不是not，此题回答是省略的，原为No，he wont2A anything but表示“根本不”的含义。3A neednt have done意为“本来不需要”；D为“本来不应该”。4B tooto固定词组搭配，意为“太以至于”，含有否定的意思。5D此题考查的是固定词组，get down to后可直接接名词或动词-ing形式。6B of the same接名词用作表语，意为“同样的颜色”；be different in接名词，表示在某方面不同。7A此题考查动词的语态知识。hold表示“容纳”，contain表示“装着”时都用主动形式。8B suggest意为“建议”，后接的宾语从句中用should+动词，should可以省略。9D think of用于被动为be thou曲t of，B项be fond of后须接名词或代词；A、C项后不用接of。10A答语中有since引导的时间状语，限定了句中的动词为持续性动词。11C此题关键是their failure为名词词组，A项why后须接句子。12A此题考查的是省略的用法。前面的分句省略的主语为I，所以动词要用被动。13C此题考查冠词的用法。前空为泛指，后空为特指。14D此题意为“你也许认为自己弄明白了，但这并不表明你有权力命令我。”所以A、B、C项都不符合题干的意思。15D问句意为“我们去看哪部戏?”A、B、c项答非所问。D项意为“由你决定”。16D此题考查日常交际用语知识，题干中问句是“长官，我不知道这是一条单行线”，所以回答“对不起，没有任何借口”，A、B、c项都不符合问句所提供的信息。17D本句考查动词的被动语态和时态，it+is+动词ed形式，to do是固定的搭配用法。而Bunsen Burner的发明是过去发生的动作，所以用完成时态。18C本题考查时态的掌握情况，问句是“有人告诉我约翰今天早晨出了交通事故”，答句应为“我不相信，他不可能这么不小心。”只有c项为此意思，shouldnt have done表示“本来不应该”，mustnt have done表示“禁止做”。19A此题为固定的动词词组用法。give sba hand to do something意思与help sb(to)do一样。20B本题考查的是be supposed to的用法。题意为“你为什么还没完成作业?你上个周日就应该完成了。”在本题中be supposed to have finished相当于should have finished，意为“本来应该完成而实际上没有”。 21C本题考查冠词的用法。题中后一空为两者都知道，特指，故用the；前一空受到of引导的短语的修饰，所以也用the。22C本题考查省略的