2008年职称英语等级考试试题及答案-卫生类A级.doc

2008年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1With immense relief, I stopped running. A some Benormous Clittle D extensive 2The scientists began to accumulate data. Acollect Bhandle Canalyze D investigate 3Jack eventually overtook the last truck. Ah-l Bpassed Creached D led 4Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A possible Bprofitable Ceasy D wise 5The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. Afact Bmystery Cstatement D game 6That guy is really witty. Asmart Bugly Chonorable D popular 7The world champion, suffered a sensational defeat. Areasonable Bdramatic Chumiliating D horrifying 8It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job. Aprepared Btrained Cqualified D guided 9This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. Apraises Bwrites Cimitates D describes10 The meaning is still obscure. Avague Btransparent Calien D significant11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies. Adestroy Bdecrease Cdelay D pollute12 ne theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. Aassumes Bexpects Cpredicts D considers13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. Aremember Bfollow Cunderstand D learn14 I hope that l didnt do anything absurd last night. Aawkward Bstrange Cstupid D awful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. Aforbid Badvocate Cinherit D withdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题, 每题l分, 共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及， 请选择C。Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good nights rest. Its a huge quality-oflife problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults. Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent（固有的）part of aging, said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics（老年病学）and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Its pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have sleep fragmentation. meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University. They also seem to get less REM sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added. Its unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a persons quality of life, Bloom said. What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep. he said. And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause. Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses. including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea（呼吸暂停）and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations, said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washingtons Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and hypersomnia, or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.Despite the prevalence（流行）of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients arent getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia（失眠）, restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are under -diagnosed and undertreated. Bloom said. 16Sleep problems can seriously affect ones quality of life. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned17It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned18Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned19 The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 20 Sleep fragmentationrefers to a marked lack ofREMsleep. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned21 The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned22 Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems：A Right BWrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题, 每题l分, 共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第l4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Depression and the Elderly1We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects ones thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible they have no Interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility. 2Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes（发作）of the illness during much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset（起病）in late life-even for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. 3Many older people and their families dont recognize the symptoms of depression, arent aware that it is a medical illness, and dont know how it is treated. Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia（痴呆）. Also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw（缺陷）and are worried about being stigmatized（给带来耻辱）, so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed（羞耻的）to get help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly. 4Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and nonsuicide mortality（死亡率）. The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help-20see a doctor the day they die. 40the week they die。and 70in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed. 23Paragraph l24Paragraph 225Paragraph 326Paragraph 4A How common is depression in later life?B What is depression?C What relieves depression in older people?D Why does depression in older people often go untreated?E Can depression in older people be treated?F What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people?27Clinical depression is different from.28Depression in older people is strongly linked with. 29Depression is regarded by many older people as. 30Many older people commit suicide as a result of. Aa character flawBnormal sadness and griefCa definite possibilityDdependency；and disabilityEa significant risk factorFunrecognized and untreated depression第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere. Squares, plazas（广场）and arcades（拱廊）form the heart of Europes cities. Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco-a beautiful square surrounded by shops, Churches restaurants and cafes in Barcelona. Spain. La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats（杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant（有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, Social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently, The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes. said Garreau, Those have all been removed. Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to peoples homes. Today the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos（浓咖啡）and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafs and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops. and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. 31It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe Ahas many large squares. Bhas many very magnificent sky-scrapers. Cdraws tourists in large numbers every year。 Dhas a center where tourists meet their spouses. 32Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? A It is crowded with people. B It is located in London. C It is filled with stalls. D It is surrounded by shops, Churches restaurants and cafes. 33Why do people think that Venice is so great? ABecause it is a famous tourist attraction. BBecause you can reach anywhere by boat. C Because it is wellknown for its merchants. D Because all the mistakes have been removed. 34What are Parisians famous for? ATheir pursuit of independence. BTheir enthusiasm for conversation. CTheir ability to keep the city flourishin9. DTheir devotion to developing a multiple culture. 35The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that Athere is a tight link between church and society. Ball churches are magnificent. Cold churches are very popular. Dhigh-rise churches are impressive. 第二篇Mental Retardation（智力迟钝） Mental retardation is a condition in which people have lower than normal intelligence and are unable to function at the level expected for their age. People with mental retardation are usually born with it, or it develops early in their lire. They may also have some difficulty with daily living skills such as learning to read and write and caring for themselves. Doctors and other professionals determine that a person has mental retardation based on their intelligence and how well they can do everyday activities. Intelligence is the ability to learn and understand. Levels of intelligence are measured by special tests called intelligence tests. The score a person gets on one of these tests gives a numerical（数字的）measure of a persons intelligence. This is called an intelligence quotient（智商）or IQ. An average score on an IQ test is about 90 to 110. A person with mental retardation will usually score below 75 on an IQ test. The IQ test alone does not determine whether someone is mentally retarded. A person must also have trouble with everyday activities such as getting dressed, eating, washing, or learning basic reading Writing and arithmetic skills. Mental retardation is not a disease itself. It cannot be cured and its not contagious（传染的）. This condition can be caused by several things that injure the brain or dont allow the brain to develop normally. Many times we dont know why a person has mental retardation. Sometimes it may be caused by genes. Genes are chemical units found in every cell. They carry the instructions telling cells what to do. Sometimes, children receive abnormal genes from their parents. A defective gene may also develop spontaneously. Neither parent would have passed on the gene, but the gene changes before the baby develops. Some other problems that can cause mental retardation also happen before a child is born. It is important for the brain to develop properly if a child is to have normal intelligence. Planning a pregnancy is the most important decision most of us will make in our lifetime. A healthy lifestyle and good medical care should begin before a woman becomes pregnant and continue throughout the pregnancy, says Jodi Rucquoi, a genetic counselor from Connecticut. If a woman abuses alcohol or drugs or doesnt eat well, there is a risk to the developing baby. Also, a premature birth or problems during childbirth can sometimes harm the babys developing brain. While premature babies are generally fine. There is a greater chance that they may have mental retardation. In some cases, a young child can develop mental retardation after being sick with a serious infection or other illness, or after suffering a bad head injury. 36A child can be taken as mentally retarded If he or sheA was born prematurely. B has lower than normal intelligence. C has low intelligence and low daily living skills. D has normal intelligence but difficulties In learning. 37A person of high intelligence will probably score Aabove 110 on an IQ test. B110 on an IQ test. C90 on an IQ test. Dbelow 75 on an IQ test. 38Which of the following is NOT true of mental retardation? A It is not curable. B Its victims are usually born with it. C Its causes are not fully identified yet. D It can spread among family members.39Which is NOT a possible cause of mental retardation? A Alcohol or drug abuse. BAbnormal genes from the parents. C A well-planned pregnancy. . DProblems during childbirth. 40The word While in Line 4 from the bottom Call best be replaced byAUnless. B Because. CSince. D Although. 第三篇 Many Older Doctors Plan to Phase out Their PracticeThe results of a new survey indicate that 48 percent of physicians between 50 and 65 years of age are planning to reduce or end their clinical practice in the next 1 to 3 years. The findings also suggest that many older physicians believe that their younger counterparts do not have the work ethic they do. The survey, which was conducted by Merritt Hawkins & Associates, a Texas-based physician search and consulting firm, suggests that many older physicians are simply unhappy with the changes that have taken place in medicine over the years. When Baby Boom doctors entered medicine they had control over how they practiced and the fee they charged. But the rules changed on them in mid-stream and now many are looking for a ticket out. Mark Smith, executive vice president of Merritt Hawkins & Associates, said in a statement. Our study is the only one I am aware of that examines the career plans of physicians in the 50-to-65 age group. This age group represents more than one-third of all physicians in the U. S. if they stop working in the coming years. it will have a significant impact On the overall supply of physicians, Smith told Reuters Health. The results of the survey, which included l,170 respondents（调查对象）, show that 24 percent of older physicians are planning to leave clinical practice altogether in the next l to 3 years. Specifically, 14 percent said they were planning on retiring, 7 percent said they were looking for a medical job in a non-patient care setting, and 3 percent said they were seeking a job in a non-medical field. For those physicians not leaving clinical practice, many said they would make changes to reduce the number of patients they treat. For instance, 12 percent said they would begin working part-time, 8 percent said they planned to stop taking new patients or markedly reduce their patient load, and 4 percent expressed a desire to work on a temporary basis. When asked about the work ethic of physicians entering practice today, 68 percent of the respondents said that these younger doctors are not as dedicated or as hard working as physicians who entered practice 20 to 30 years ago. Fifty-seven percent of older physicians said they would not recommend medicine as a career to their own children. Similarly, 44 percent said they would not select medicine as a ca