主谓一致三个原则.doc

.Agreement between subject and verb主谓一致主要有以下三个原则：1、语法一致原则（5种情况）2、意义一致原则（10种情况） 3、就近原则语法一致原则1and连接不同的人或事时作主语时,谓语动词用复数；但如果连接的名词指的是同一人或物, 或同一概念时, 谓语要用单数。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. The knife and fork _on the table. 2. 不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important. Collecting stamps is his hobby. 3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you. I, who am a teacher, lack humor.4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：The teacher together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 5. many a, more than one与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。Many a boy has seen it. More than one student is required to redo the homework.意义一致原则1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. All of the apple _rotten. 2. the rest of; half of; part of; the majority of等以及分数、百分比 在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。Half of the students _finished their composition. Half of the water _(pollute). 3. 集合名词作主语，强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, audience, team, government, group。His family _already_(move)to France. His family _all music lovers. 4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。The police_ searching for a thief. The cattle_eating grass on the hill.5. 不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody等Someone is asking for you. 6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses, pants, shorts等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。Here _ a new pair of shoes for you.7 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 8. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.9. 单复数同形的名词, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。Not every means is useful.。 Not all means are useful. 10. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等就近原则either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。应该注意的几个问题:1. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows _（hang）a picture.2.a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词单复数看后面的名词。A large quantity of people _needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Quantities of food (nuts)_ on the table.3. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.4. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel5. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend. No sound and no voice is heard. 请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。1. Three years _ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_ (be) really a long time. 2. _ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?3. My family _ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family _ (be) all party members.4. The whole class _ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.5. The news _ (be) very exciting.6. To learn one or two foreign languages _ (be) very important nowadays.7. The last and most difficult lesson _ (be) Lesson 14.8. I, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you.9. The scientist and engineer _ (have) invented a new machine. 10. Alice，together with her friends，_ (be) punished for having broken the school rules. 11. Every girl and every boy _ (have) the right to join the club. 12. _ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?Neither she nor I_(be).13. Ancient and modern history _ (be) the subjects we are studying.14. Many a scientist _ (have) devoted their lives to science.15. The old _ (be) respected in our country.选择题：1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare C.am Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare C.am Dhave4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare C.am Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book alreadyAhas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 11. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered12. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. was not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 13. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were14. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A . is playing B. have play