2012年职称英语理工类B级模拟试题练习.docx

2012年职称英语理工类B级模拟试题练习(1)每组词汇学习有15道小题。在每道题的句子里都有一个加底线的词或短语，请在四个选项中找出与加底线的词或短语意义最相近的一项。1.Philip Roth was hailed as a major author in 1960.A)published B)challenged C)acclaimed D)guided2.He was one of the principal organizers of the association.A)planners B)employees C)actors D)recipients3.It is postulated that population increase has strong effect on economic fluctuations.A)challenged B)assumed C)deducted D)decreed4.This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur.A)drying up B)dying outC)being exported D)being transplanted5.The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A)slow B)noisy C)sudden D)jumpy6.During the Second World War, all important resources in the U.S. were allocated by the Federal Government.A)nationalized B)commandeered C)taxed D)distributed7.The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A)very strong B)very long C)very great D)very fast8.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A)elegantly B)genuinely C)intentionally D)thoroughly9.The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continue to increase.A)encouraged B)enforced C)expected D)entitled10.Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A)stated firmly B)argued light mindedlyC)thought seriously D)announced regrettably11.Smoking is not permitted in the office.A)probable B)possible C)admitted D)allowed12.The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.A)stated B)declared C)suggested D)announced13.I feel regret about whats happened.A)sorry B)disappointed C)shameful D)disheartened14.She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.A)lived on B)depended on C)lived off D)believed in15.John removed his overcoat.A)took away B)left aside C)took off D)washed off第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys，his colleagues thought he was unrealisticToday，his discovery of light-emitting diodes，or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airportsDozens of his students have continued his work，developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technologyOn April 23，2004, Holonyak received the $500，000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in WashingtonThis marks the 1Oth year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology fMIT has given the award to prominent inventors“Anytime you get an awardbig or littleits always a surprise”Holonyrak saidHolonyak, 75，was a student of John Bardeen，an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950sAfter graduate school, Holonyak worked at Ben LabsHe later went to General Electric，where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switchesLater, Holonyak started 1ooking into how semiconductors could be used to generate 1ightBut while his colleagues were 1ooking at how to generate invisible light，he wanted to generate visible lightThe LEDS he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effectiveHolonyak，now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois，said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today，but didnt realize how many uses they would have“You dont know in the beginningYOU think youre doing something importantyou think its worth doing，but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be，and when，and howYou just dont know，”he saidThe LemelsonMIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen，75，with the$1 00，000Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of“molecular sieves，”that can separate molecules by size词汇：semiconductor n半导体alloy n合金diode n二极管incandescent adj白炽的bulb n灯泡commonplace adj普通的molecular adj分子的sieve n筛练习：1Holonyaks colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started itARight BWrong CNot mentioned2Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the LemelsonMIT Prize sooner or laterA。Right BWrong CNot mentioned3Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950sARight BWrong CNot mentioned4Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the futureARight BWrong CNot mentioned5Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested inARight BWrong CNot mentioned6 Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDsARight BWrong CNot mentioned7The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 yearsAright BWrong CNot mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1-4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Soot and Snow：a Hot Combinationl New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snowAccording to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white backgroundDark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate changeAls0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said DrJames Hansen，a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrostSoot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon，”Hansen saidSoots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbondioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted6 Hansen cautionedalthough the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past centurySuch gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudesThese observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight词汇：soot n煤烟，煤灰emission n释放，散发，排放simulation v模拟latitude n纬度glacier n冰川，冰河albedo n反照率permafrost n永冻层forcing n温室作用dioxide n二氧化物magnitude n量，大小练习：1Paragraph 3_2Paragraph 4_3Paragraph 6_4Paragraph 7_5In the twentieth century，soot_6Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases_7. Black soot covered snow and ice_8A soot forcing is unusually effective，which_第1篇Storms Sink ShipsRescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters inBangladeshThe accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21Hundreds more are missing or feared deadThe two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian countryThe government has since banned a11 ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season One of the ferries，MV Mitali，was carrying far more people than it was supposed toAbout 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300，police saidThe second ferry carried about 1 00 passengers“The number of deaths is certain to rise”said an official in charge of the rescue work“No one really knows how many people were on boardthe ferry or how many of them survivedFerries in Bangladesh dont always keep passenger lists，making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on boardBesides the ferry accidents，at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikesfalling houses and trees and the sinking of small boatsStorms are common this time of year in Bangladesh，as are boating accidentsFerrydisasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million peopleOfficials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measurestoo many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditionsFerries are a common means of transport in BangladeshIt is a country covered by about 230 riversSome 20，000 ferries use the nations Waterways every yearAnd many of them are dangerously overcrowdedSince 1977, more than 3000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents词汇：ferry n渡船waterway n水路，水道Bangladesh：孟加拉国，位于南亚练习：1How many people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters?A、Over 130B、At least 40C、About 400D) Over 3，0002The two ferry disasters occurredA)at noonB)in the morningC) at nightD)In the afternoon3How many passengers was MV Mitali designed to carry?A)500B)100C)400D)3004Officials attribute boating accident toA)strong windsB)bad weather conditionsC)the blockages of waterwaysD)the lack of safety measures5hich of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters?A)They were overcrowdedB)They sank on April 2IC1 The exact number of deaths could be easily determinedD)They sank somewhere near DhakaSnow RangerThe two things snow and mountains which are needed for a ski area are the two things that cause avalanches, large mass of snow and ice crushing down the side of a mountainoften called White Death.It was the threat of the avalanche and its record as a killer of man in the western mountains that created the snow ranger. He first started on avalanche control work in the winter of 1937 38 at Alta, Utah, in Wasatch National Forest.This mountain valley was becoming well known to skiers. It was dangerous. In fact, more than 120 persons had lost their lives in 1936 and another 200 died in 1937 as a result of avalanches before it became a major ski area.Thus, development of Alta and other major ski resorts in the west was dependent upon controlling the avalanche. The Forest Service set out to do it, and did, with its corps of snow rangers.It takes many things to make a snow ranger. The snow ranger must be in excellent physical condition. He must be a good skier and a skilled mountain climber He should have at least a high school education, and the more college courses in geology, physics, and related fields he has, the better.He studies snow, terrain, wind, and weather. He learns the conditions that produce avalanches. He learns to forecast avalanches and to bring them roaring on down the mountainsides to reduce their killing strength. . The snow ranger learns to do this by using artillery, by blasting with TNT, and by the difficult and skillful art of skiing avalanches down.The snow ranger, dressed in a green parka which has a bright yellow shoulder patch, means safety for people on ski slopes. He pulls the trigger on a 75 mm. Recoilless rifle, skis waist deep in powder testing snow stability, or talks with the ski areas operator as he goes about his work to protect the public from the hazards of deep snow on steep mountain slopes.1. The snow rangers are employees ofA) the Forest Service.B) the Resource Bureau.C) the Tourist Board.D) the Sports Bureau.2.A snow ranger himself must beA) a college graduate.B) a physicist.C) a geologist.D) a mountaineer.3. A snow ranger uses very powerful gunsA) to warn skiers of an approaching avalanche.B) to signal for help in an emergency.C) to create an avalanche.D) to communicate with the ski area operator.4. What is the primary duty of the snow ranger?A) To make sure ski area operators are following safety rules.B) To predict and control avalanches in mountainous areas.C) To check skis and repair them.D) To forecast the weather.5.The passage implies that a snow rangerA) knows how to use a pistol.B) must write lengthy reports on his work.C) may travel many miles when he is on duty.D) has a long working day.第3篇Live with ComputerAfter too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriends Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes indecipherable after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretarys tone seems more rejecting than Id imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days.For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer, I have done much of my work as a telecommuter. I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in U.K.; so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries.But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though Ive merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. We have become the Net opponents worst nightmare.What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction, coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.41. Compared to the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent becomes _.A. unidentifiableB. unbearableC. unrealD. misleading42. The passage implies that the author and her boyfriend live in _.A. different cities in EnglandB. different countriesC. the same cityD. the same country43. The author feels her life unreal because _.A. she has become a machineB. she has to deal with dataC. she loses the interest in social lifeD. she often has nightmares44. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. To live with computer is luxury.B. To care about your appearance has become an avoidanceC. We should not be controlled by computers and the Internet.D. Having computers, people do not need human contact anymore.45. What is the authors attitude to the computer?.A. She likes it because it is a very important means of communication.B. She likes it because it is very convenient.C. She dislikes it because TV is more attractive.D. She dislikes it because it makes her life monotonous and boring第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。Dont rely on plankton to save the planetEncouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. _1_.Adding iron to patched of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. _2_.Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyze how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160,000 square kilometers of ocean were seeded with iron for a month. _3_.In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilizing the ocean removes 1 million tons of carbon from the atmosphere- just 0.2 percent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month.Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. _4_ Says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. But the take-home message is the same. _5_.A. Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.B. Its opponents fear that will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.C. As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.D. They found that 100 years later only between 2 and 11 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.E. These are newer and better models,F. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming.六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has _1_ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the b