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Integrated Circuit Temperature Transducer and Its Application A collection of one or more gates fabricated on a single silicon chip is called an integrated circuit(IC).Large ICs with tens of millions of transistors may be half an inch or more on a side, while small ICs may be less than one-tenth of an inch on a side. Regardless of its size, an IC is initially part of a much larger, circular wafer, up to ten inches in diameter, containing dozens to hundreds of the same IC. All of the IC chips on the wafer are fabricated at the same time, like pizzas that are eventually sold by the slice ,except in the case, each piece (IC chip)is called a die. In the early days of integrated circuits, ICs were classified by size-small, medium, or large-according to how many gates they contained. The simplest type of commercially available ICs is still called small scale integration (SSI). Although SSI ICs are still sometimes used as “glue” to tie together larger-scale elements in complex systems, they have been largely supplanted by programmable logic devices (PLDs ). Integrated circuit temperature transducer has excellent linearity, stable performance, high sensitivity, without required compensation, heat capacity of small, anti-jamming ability, and can be remote temperature measurement and Is easy. Can be widely used in a variety of refrigerators, air conditioners, granary, industrial equipment and various ancillary temperature measurement and control and other fields. AD590 is one of the often using integrated circuit temperature transducer.FEATURESLinear current output: 1mA/K，wide range: 558C to +1508C，probe compatible ceramic sensor package，two terminal device: voltage In/current Out，laser trimmed to 60.58C calibration accuracy (AD590M)，excellent linearity: 60.38C over full range (AD590M),wide power supply range: +4 V to +30 V，sensor isolation from case，and low cost。PIN DESIGNATIONSInformation furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices.PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONThe AD590 is a two-terminal integrated circuit temperature transducer that produces an output current proportional to absolute temperature. For supply voltages between +4 V and +30 V the device acts as a high impedance, constant current regulator passing 1 mA/K. Laser trimming of the chips thin-film resistors is used to calibrate the device to 298.2 mA output at 298.2K (+25C).The AD590 should be used in any temperature sensing application below +150C in which conventional electrical temperature sensors are currently employed. The inherent low cost of a monolithic integrated circuit combined with the elimination of support circuitry makes the AD590 an attractive alternative for many temperature measurement situations. Linearization circuitry, precision voltage amplifiers, resistance measuring circuitry and cold junction compensation are not needed in applying the AD590.In addition to temperature measurement, applications include temperature compensation or correction of discrete components, biasing proportional to absolute temperature, flow rate measurement, level detection of fluids and anemometry.The AD590 is available in chip form making, it suitable for hybrid circuits and fast temperature measurements in protected environments.The AD590 is particularly useful in remote sensing applications.The device is insensitive to voltage drops over long lines due to its high impedance current output. Any well insulated twisted pair is sufficient for operation hundreds of feet from the receiving circuitry. The output characteristics also make the AD590 easy to multiplex: the current can be switched by a CMOS multiplexer or the supply voltage can be switched by a logic gate output.PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS1. The AD590 is a calibrated two terminal temperature sensor requiring only a dc voltage supply (+4 V to +30 V). Costly transmitters, filters, lead wire compensation and linearization circuits are all unnecessary in applying the device.2. State-of-the-art laser trimming at the wafer level in conjunction with extensive final testing ensures that AD590 units are easily interchangeable.3. Superior interface rejection results from the output being a current rather than a voltage. In addition, power requirements are low (1.5 m Ws 5 V +25C.) These features make the AD590 easy to apply as a remote sensor.4. The high output impedance (10 MW) provides excellent rejection of supply voltage drift and ripple. For instance, changing the power supply from 5V to 10V results in only a 1 mA maximum current change, or 1C equivalent error.5. The AD590 is electrically durable: it will withstand a forward voltage up to 44 V and a reverse voltage of 20 V. Hence, supply irregularities or pin reversal will not damage the device. The 590H has 60u inches of gold plating on its Kovar leads and Kovar header. A resistance welder is used to seal the nickel cap to the header. The AD590 chip is eutectically mounted to the header and ultrasonically bonded to with 1 MIL aluminum wire. Kovar composition: 53% iron nominal; 29% 1% nickel;17% 1% cobalt; 0.65% manganese max; 0.20% silicon max;0.10% aluminum max; 0.10% magnesium max; 0.10% zirconium max; 0.10% titanium max; 0.06% carbon max. The 590F is a ceramic package with gold plating on its Kovar leads, Kovar lid, and chip cavity. Solder of 80/20 Au/Sn composition is used for the 1.5 mil thick solder ring under the lid.The chip cavity has a nickel underlay between the metallization and the gold plating. The AD590 chip is eutectically mounted in the chip cavity at 410C and ultrasonically bonded to with 1 mil aluminum wire. Note that the chip is in direct contact with the ceramic base, not the metal lid. When using the AD590 in die form, the chip substrate must be kept electrically isolated,(floating), for correct circuit operation.CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONThe AD590 uses a fundamental property of the silicon transistors from which it is made to realize its temperature proportional characteristic: if two identical transistors are operated at a constant ratio of collector current densities, r, then the difference in their base-emitter voltage will be (kT/q)(In r). Since both k, Boltzmans constant and q, the charge of an electron,are constant, the resulting voltage is directly proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT).In the AD590, this PTAT voltage is converted to a PTAT current by low temperature coefficient thin-film resistors. The total current of the device is then forced to be a multiple of this PTAT current. Referring to Figure 1, the schematic diagram of the AD590, Q8 and Q11 are the transistors that produce the PTAT voltage. R5 and R6 convert the voltage to current. Q10, whose collector current tracks the colletor currents in Q9 and Q11, supplies all the bias and substrate leakage current for the rest of the circuit, forcing the total current to be PTAT. R5 and R6 are laser trimmed on the wafer to calibrate the device at +25C. Figure 2 shows the typical VI characteristic of the circuit at +25C and the temperature extremes.EXPLANATION OF TEMPERATURE SENSORSPECIFICATIONSThe way in which the AD590 is specified makes it easy to apply in a wide variety of different applications. It is important to understand the meaning of the various specifications and the effects of supply voltage and thermal environment on accuracy. The AD590 is basically a PTAT (proportional to absolutetemperature) current regulator. That is, the output current is equal to a scale factor times the temperature of the sensor in degrees Kelvin. This scale factor is trimmed to 1 mA/K at the factory, by adjusting the indicated temperature (i.e., the output current) to agree with the actual temperature. This is done with 5 V across the device at a temperature within a few degrees of +25C (298.2K). The device is then packaged and tested for accuracy over temperature.Temperature sensor covers a wide range of applications, it is not only widely used .In daily life, but also applies to substantial automation and the process of seizure Measurement control system. Many different types of temperature sensors, according to site conditions, the election Optional appropriate sensor type can ensure accurate and reliable measurement and At the same time increase the service life and reduce costs.集成温度传感器及其应用单个硅片上的一个或多个门电路的集合体，就叫做集成电路（Integrated Circuit, IC）。含有成千上万个晶体管的大型IC可能只有半英寸大小，小的IC则可能只有十分之一英寸。不管现在它的大小如何，最初IC只是一个大得多的圆形晶片（wafer，单晶硅片）的一部分。这个晶片的直径大约有0.254m(10英寸)，在它上面含有几十到几百个相同的IC晶片。晶片（IC芯片）叫做模片（die）。早期的集成电路，根据IC含有多少门电路，把它们按规模大小分为大、中、小三类。最简单的商用IC称为小规模集成（small-scale integration ,SSI）,虽然SSI有时在复杂系统中作为胶水去粘合大规模集成器件，但是它们大部分已被可编程逻辑元件（PLD）替代，具有线性优良、性能稳定、灵敏度高、无需补偿、热容量小、抗干扰能力强、可远距离测温且使用方便等优点。可广泛应用于各种冰箱、空调器、粮仓、工业仪器配套和各种温度的测量和控制等领域。AD590便是集成温度传感器中常用的一种。芯片特征线性电流输出：1 mA/K，最大范围：-558 C1508 C Probe ，相兼容的陶瓷传感器包，两终端装置：电压输入/电流输出，激光对60.58 C校准被调整，精确度(AD590M)，最好线性调整： 在充分的范围(AD590M)60.38 C ，电源范围：+4V+30V，来自情况的传感器隔离，价格廉价。芯片描述AD590是产生与绝对温度成正比的输出电流的一台两末端集成电路温度转换器。电源电压在4 V 和30 V之间时该装置作为高阻抗，恒定电流调节器通过1mA/K，芯片薄膜电阻的激光微调用来校验设备使它在298.2 K(25C)时产生298.2 m A。在常规电子温度传感器被普遍使用的情况下AD590 应该被使用在低于+150C下任一个温度感觉运用中。一个整体集成电路的固有低成本与支持电路的排除结合了AD590 一个有吸引力的选择为许多温度测量情况。线性化电路、精确电压放大器、抵抗测量的电路和冷接点补偿在AD590的应用中都不必要。除温度测量之外, 应用包括温度报偿或更正, 偏心比例与绝对温度, 流速测量、流体的平实侦查和风力测定 。AD590 是有用的芯片, 它适合为混合电路并且在被保护的环境中快速的测量温度。AD590在遥感应用中是特别有用的。由于它有很高的全电阻输出电流，使它对过长的压降很迟钝。任一个好的绝缘双铰线对电路中运作的上百只脚是充足的。输出特性同样使AD590 容易多元化: 电流由CMOS 多路复用器转换或电源电压由逻辑门输出转换。芯片聚焦1、 AD590 是一个被校准的二个终端温度传感器，它只要有一个直流电源电压 (4 V 30 V) 。昂贵的发射机、过滤器、主角导线报偿和线性化电路是所有多余的在应用设备。2、在镜片水平艺术级的激光微调与广泛的最后测试保证协力, AD590 单位容易互换。3、 优越接口拒绝由输出是电流而不是电压产生。另外, 功率需要量很低(1.5 mWs 5 V 25.C 。) 这些特点使AD590 容易被作为一个遥远的传感器。4、 高输出阻抗(10 MW) 提供电源电压漂泊和波纹的极好拒绝。例如, 改变电源从5 V 到10 V 仅导致1 mA的 最大电流变动, 或1C的 等值错误。5、AD590 电力持久: 它将承受44 V 的快速上升电压和20 V的反向电压。因此, 供应不规则性或管脚逆转都不会损坏设备。590H