大学英语四级考试模拟试题(四).doc

大学英语四级考试模拟试题(四) Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic TOEFL Internet-Based Test. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 托福考试改为网考；2. 网考的利与弊。 Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage. N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage. NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The climate problem can by and large be solved if the eight to ten largest countries in the world can agree on effective climate measures, says Professor Jon Hovi.One of the themes at a recent climate conference arranged by the Norwegian research program RENERGI was how we can achieve an effective international climate agreement. Professor of political science Jon Hovi at the University of Oslo and CICERO has studied this topic for years. He argues that although the international community faces many obstacles in dealing with the climate problem, solutions are possible.Continue the Kyoto Process?Hovi doubts whether an agreement that would basically extend the Kyoto Protocol for another commitment period is the way to go to achieve more effective climate cooperation.The Kyoto Protocol has been described as a cautious first step, one that will make it possible for others to join in later. But key countries like the United States have little interest in joining an international climate agreement based on the Kyoto Protocol, says Hovi.One suggestion for increasing the interest for other countries to join the climate cooperation is to link the climate issue to other areas of international cooperation, such as technology, trade, or development assistance. But Hovi does not believe that such issue linkage will be reliable. For example, it is not in the best interests of the Kyoto countries to undermine the World Trade Organization (WTO) by introducing trade restrictions against countries that do not participate in Kyoto such as the United States. Moreover, the WTOs nondiscrimination principles make it difficult to introduce trade restrictions against the United States and Australia but not against developing countries, which also do not have binding emissions targets.Besides, history shows that this kind of pressure rarely works on a superpower such as the United States, says Hovi. Another obstacle is that developing countries protect their own economic development. They will not accept binding emissions targets until the United States also reduces its own greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, the United States is unwilling to endanger the competitiveness of its own business and industry, and thus does not wish to participate in an international agreement that does not also include the developing countries. To overcome this particular obstacle, we should focus on climate measures that do not threaten economic development, advises Hovi.The United States is also doubtful about the UN system, and Hovi believes that an alternative international climate agreement should not necessarily be put together within the UN framework, as the Kyoto Protocol is.Point of Departure in American Climate Policy?Hovi believes that in the long run, a way to reengage the United States might be to base a future climate agreement on federal U.S. climate policy.The United States is often more willing to cooperate when it already has a national policy in place. For example, Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in many ways represented an international extension of a regulatory framework that already existed in the United States. Thus U.S. business and industry acted as a pusher in the effort to build an international agreement.But the problem with this policy is that there currently is no similar U.S. climate policy at the federal level. Whatever policy exists is fragmented and formative at best.The Kyoto targets are costly to meet. Kyoto thus depends on effective enforcement. The enforcement mechanism that was introduced through the Marrakesh Accords is primarily based on a system whereby countries that do not meet their targets during the first commitment period are sanctioned by having to reduce even more during the second period. The problem is that there is nothing to stop a nonobedient country from putting off this additional emissions reduction perhaps indefinitely. In addition, innocent third parties suffer when the sanctions are carried out. As a potential buyer of emissions permits and a major exporter of fossil fuels, Norway will be particularly hard hit, because carrying out the punishment will cause the price of fossil fuel to go down and the price of emissions permits to go up. Finally, whereas the compliance system will punish a country that is a member and reduces emissions, but fails to reach its emissions target, it provides no basis for punishing a country that declines to be a member and does nothing to reduce its emissions. Thus, the compliance system is arguably unfair. Hovi thinks that internationally it is politically difficult to achieve an effective enforcement mechanism. For this reason, it may be a good idea to focus on an agreement that does not need enforcement.An Agreement that Everyone Wants to Be Part of? Many of the proposed alternatives to the Kyoto Protocol resemble Kyoto in that they require enforcement. For example, this is true for regional climate agreements, an agreement based on emissions intensity targets, and an agreement based on harmonized carbon taxes. One type of agreement that does not depend on enforcement is an agreement where the parties commit to using emissions- reducing technology. Supplemented with agreements on technology development and transfer, an agreement on the use of emissions-reducing technology can set consistent technology standards in a way that makes it in the best interest of all countries to participate. Assuming that network externalities exist that is, the costs or benefits depend on whether or not other countries also choose the same technology then each country will want to use the same technology as the other countries. In short, the more countries that use a certain technology, the more attractive it will be for others to switch to this technology. An agreement can enable many, or even all, countries to switch to more climate-friendly technology simultaneously.1. The US Government recently held a climate conference with a theme of how an effective international climate agreement could be achieved. 2. The United States has great interest in joining an international climate agreement based on the Kyoto Protocol.3. Developing countries wont accept binding emissions targets until the United States reduces its greenhouse gas emissions. 4. The United States is doubtful about the UN system.5. It is believed that developing countries will benefit most from the Kyoto Protocol. 6. The Kyoto Protocol depends on effective enforcement because of the high costs to meet its targets. 7. Internationally, it is politically difficult to achieve an effective enforcement mechanism. 8. The United States _ when it already has a national policy in place. 9. Many of the proposed alternatives to the Kyoto Protocol resemble Kyoto _.10. The more countries that _, the more attractive it will be for others to switch to this technology.Part III Listening Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(35minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choice smarked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.11. A) At 9:15. B) At 8:45. C) At 9:00. D) At 8:15.12. A) A new dress. B) A new department store.C) A new car. D) A new house.13. A) In a doctors office.B) In a shoe shop.C) In an office.D) In a hotel.14. A) Its not as good as it used to be.B) Its better than it used to be.C) Its very bad now.D) Its even worse than what people say.15. A) He will find a part-time job.B) He wont find a part-time job.C) He has a lot of pocket money.D) He doesnt want to make money.16. A) In the hospital.B) In the theatre. C) On the bus.D) On the taxi.17. A) He didnt know there would be heavy snow. B) He didnt know there would be so many cats and dogs in the street.C) He didnt think it would rain so heavily.D) He knew there would be a lot of cats and dogs in the street.18. A) She didnt want to move.B) She didnt mind moving.C) She didnt reply directly.D) She didnt understand what the man said.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) A villa.B) An apartment. C) A hotel.D) A local family.20. A) About 14 days. B) About 5 days. C) About 4 days.D) About 3 days.21. A) In July.B) In June. C) In May.D) In April.22. A) Think over the price.B) Think about the place.C) Discuss with her friends.D) Ask for another travel agency.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Send him the information on after-sales service.B) Send him the booklet about the newest computers.C) Send him a list of software products.D) Send him the computers.24. A) 2:30. B) 3:30. C) 4:30. D) 5:30.25. A) 560-1287. B) 560-1288.C) 560-1278. D) 560-2188.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Americans. B) Europeans.C) Asians. D) Africans.27. A) Bars. B) Nightclubs.C) Some restaurants. D) Buses.28. A) Get lawful permission.B) Show proof of age.C) Pretend to be old enough.D) None of the above.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Close to coral reefs.B) Near the surface.C) In the deep waters. D) In the Dead Sea.30. A) The white great shark.B) The whale shark.C) The dog shark. D) The spiny shark.31. A) 20 feet. B) 26 feet.C) 18 feet. D) 15 feet.32. A) Use their eyes. B) Move in groups.C) Fight against sharks.D) Fly through the water.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) By educating its citizens.B) By careful design.C) By developing TV programs.D) By chance.34. A) Probably in 1951.B) Probably in 1961.C) Probably in 1971.D) Probably in 1981.35. A) Many Third World countries havent paid enough attention to birth control.B) The increase in the birth rate will promote consumption.C) The desire for consumption helps reduce the birth rate.D) Soap operas played a less useful role than family planning in birth control.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In a foreign country, youre a foreigner. (36)_ to their ways. (37)_ is everything. Enjoy the differences. That is why you travel. Dont (38)_ if something in your plan goes wrong. Theres always a way to get problems solved. Keep your sense of (39)_.You can usually find some-one to help you or you can help yourself, (40)_ when you dont get too upset. Experience each place for what it is. These cities and towns arent just here for (41)_; youll see factories and areas that arent always attractive. Dont (42)_ a place for not living up to your fantasies. Dont expect Europe to look like your country, and get (43)_ when you find the things there are strange to you. (44)_.You should know that dinner will be served later, that not everyone will respect a queue, and that service may be slower. You should be prepared to go with the flow. Remember that when we travel abroad, everyone of us is an ambassador for our own country. (45)_. Therefore, you should not show them the ugly & rudeChinese. (46) _. Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Over 1,000 people 47 struck by lightning every year in the United States, and over 100 of them die as a result of the strike. Lightning is a very dangerous force that can even 48 you indoors if youre in contact with the telephone or plumbing. 49 lightning strikes the phone line outside your house, the strike will 50 to every phone on the line and potentially to you if you are holding the phone. So, if you are indoors during a lightning storm, 51 off the phone. If you must call someone, use a cordless or cell phone that way, youre not in contact with any wires that 52 out-doors. Stay away from plumbing pipes like your bathtub or shower as well. Lightning has the 53 to strike a house and pass an electrical charge to the metal pipes 54 for plumbing. If youre touching those pipes or anything 55 to those pipes, that electrical charge has a path to you. This 56 is not as great as it used to be, because PVC (聚氯乙烯) is often used for indoor plumbing these days. If you are not sure what your pipes are made of, wait it out. A) run I) usedB) operate J) reachC) stay K) worked D) connected L) howE) get M) IfF) threaten N) abilityG) way O) travelH) threatSection B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Some people describe American society as a salad bowl, while others see it as a melting pot. In a sense both are correct, depending upon ones point of view. This ethnic multiplicity is a result of the history of immigration. Until the Immigration Law of 1924, the country was a melting pot of nations. In a bowl of freshly tossed salad, all the ingredients are mixed together. Yet they never lose their shape, form or identity. Together, however, the ingredients have a unity. They may be covered with the same dressing, but the green vegetables, tomatoes, lettuce and eggs can all be seen for what they are.From this point of view, America is very much like a salad bowl where individual ethnic groups blend together, yet maintain their cultural uniqueness. They may work together during the day at similar jobs and in identical companies, but at night they may return to their ethnic communities where the flavor of their individual culture dominates their way of life. This is perhaps why there is so much diversity within America. Each ethnic group has its own special interests, language, food, customs and traditions to protect and defend. This idea of the salad bowl is referred to by sociologists as cultural pluralism. The other concept which is also used to describe American society is that of the melting pot. In this usage, society is like a pot of stew or a cauldron(大锅)of porridge(粥). All of the ingredients mix and blend together, losing their identity, and yield a bit of what they were to become a new reality. A pot of stew is very different from a bowl of salad. Within the stew, the meat and vegetables in the cooking process give to each other a bit of their own flavor. The longer the stew is allowed to simmer, the better the taste and the more likely it will be for the mixture to dissolve.In this sense America can surely be seen as a melting pot where people from all over the world come to live and work together forming one nation. In such a culture there are dozens of shared symbols which serve to develop all of the various ethnic groups to create a larger unified culture. The flag, the national anthem and the Pledge of Allegiance all serve to break down the walls which isolate ethnic groups. The melting pot evokes another image: that of the colonial quilt