职称英语等级考试理工AB模拟试题.doc

职称英语等级考试理工AB模拟试题2005-11-17 00:00【大中小】【我要纠错】 第1部分 词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分， 建议10分钟以内完成） 下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The committeecomprisesfive persons. A) absorbs B)concerns C) excludes D)involves 2. Wederive(B)knowledge mainly from books A)deprive (B) B) obtain C) descend D)trace 3. The room wasfurnished (B)with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table A)supplied B) gathered C)grasped D)made 4. The local government decided tomerge(B)the two firms into a big one. A)motivate B) combine C)compact D)nominate 5. He emphasized afeasible(B)plan which can be accepted by the both sides. A)favorable B) possible C)formal D)genuine 6. When does the next traindepart(B)? A)pull up B) pull down C)pull out D)pull in 7. Becauseadministering(B)the whole company, he sometimes has to work around the clock. A)adjusting B) evaluating C)engaging D)managing 8. The town isnotable(A)for its beautiful scenery in winter. A)similar B) prompt C)profound (B) D)famous 9.He is assigned tooversee(A)the production of the assembly lines. A)supervise B) watch C)suspect D)predict 10.Soldiers have toobey (A)orders. A)reply to B) apply for C)abide with (A) D)comply with (A) 11. The advertising company was surprised by theadverse(A)public reaction to the poster. A) delayed B)quick C) positive D) unfavorable 12. It is said that the house along the street will soon bedemolished(A). A) pulled down B) rebuilt C) renovated D) whitewashed 13. In his two-hour-long lecture he made anexhaustive(A)analysis of the issue. A) extremely thorough B) long and strong C) crazy D) unconvincing 14. These are ourmotive(B)for doing it. A) reasons B) arguments C) targets D) stimulus (A) 15. Do you think there is anylikelihood(A)of his agreeing to it? A) respect B) occasion C) prospect D) anticipation 第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共7分，建议12分钟以内完成） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑 El Nino （厄尔尼诺现象） While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advanceThat would be good news for governments，farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperaturesThe results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan CWearea meteorologist at the University of California, Davis，who was not involved in the work，said it“suggestsE1 Nino is indeed predictable” “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods”said WeareHe added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importanceThe 1997 El Nino，for example，caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide，offset by beneficial effects in other areas，said David Anderson，of the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts in Reading EnglandThe 1877 El Nino，meanwhile，coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and Cmpting the development of seasonal forecasting，Anderson said When El Nino hit in 199 1 and 1997200 million people were affected by flooding in China aloneaccording to a 2002 United Nations report While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains trickythe ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and FebruaryThe warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible E1 Nino n厄尔尼诺现象 Equatorial adj赤道的 Occurrence n发生 Meteorologist n气象学家 Offset v抵销 Lead adj提前的 Monsoon n季风 Tricky adj难以捉摸的 练习： 1The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and seasurface temperatures ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 4. Weares contribution in predicting E1 Nino，was highly praised by other meteorologists ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 5. According to a Chinese report，the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese people Aright BWrong CNot mentioned 6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak Aright BWrong CNot mentioned 7. A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分，建议10分钟以内完成） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1-4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 难度BA级 Blasts from the past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient historyNot because they were bigger,butbecause the carbon dioxide they released wiped out 1ife with greater ease 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcaniceruptions and mass extinctionsNot a11 volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals，but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rockTo his surprise，the older the massive volcanic eruptions were，the more damage they seemed to do 3 Wignall calculated the“ killing efficiency ”for these volcanoes by comparing theproportion ion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they producedHe found that size for size，older eruptions were at least 1 0 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals 4 The Permian extinction，for example，which happened 250 million years ago，is markedby floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western EuropeThose volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxideThe global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time。And it took 5 million years for the planet to recover 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount ofvolcanic activity and global warming butIo mass extinctionSome animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years，“The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all。” Wignall saysHe ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous，。65 million years ago，because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a roleAs the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocksThis would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans。increasing me amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere 7 Vincent Courtillot director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France，says thatWignalls idea is provocativeBut he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculationsHe points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lastedAnd it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years。 8 Courtillot also adds t11at it is difficult to estimate how much 1ava prehistoric volcanoes produced , and that 1ava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions 练习： 1Paragraph 2 2Paragraph 3 3Paragraph 4 4Paragraph 5 A Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions B Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic Eruptions C Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions D A Mass Extinction E V_0lcanic Eruptions That Caused no Mass Extinction F Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions 5Older eruptions were more devastating 6The Permian extinction is used to illustrate 7The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs 8Courtillot rejects A than more recent ones B the killing efficiency for older eruptions C has remained controversial D Wignalls calculations as acceptable E has been known to us all F his ideas 第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分，建议40分钟以内完成） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 难度BC级 Inspecting a used car The scariest part of buying a used car is not being completely sure of what condition its inA car thats been in a major accident is always a bigger risk，but sellers often try to hide this informationAndrew Bleakley, evaluator-inspector, runs a mobile vehicle inspection service in MontrealFor about$80 he will perform a full, unbiased inspection on a used vehicleIn his 10 years as a professional inspector, Bleakley has seen a lotHe warns, “Watch out for dealer demonstration vehicles which are usednot newThey may have been in a collision”He adds mat it is not uncommon in Ontario and Quebec especially for unscrupulous sellers to roll back the odometer or to even disengage itBleakley has special tools to check for this Blealdey always recommends hiring an independent technician to inspect the condition of a used car before you buy itThe problem is finding someone qualified to do the inspection，which he says generally doesnt mean just any mechanic，A thorough mechanical inspection includes checking the compression，all major systems，including the engine，electrical and charging systems，transmission and drive line，fluids，brakes，suspension，and steeringEssential，too，is all inspection of the cars body and finally a road testThere are，however a few things everyone can do before buying a used car： Do a visual check of the carLook at the right rear door hingesIf they are very wornOr the door doesnt close well，the car may have been used as a taxiHoles in the roof could mean the car was used for deliveries Check for oil 1eaks on the pavementNote that 1eaks are not necessarily a significantproblemit depends on the cause Dont assume that new-looking brake and accelerator pedals mean the car hasnt beendriven muchResellers know people check these details and call buy new Pads for around $6. Copy down the vehicle identification number(VlN), a 17-character combination ofnumbers and letters，from the vehicles dashboardIn Ontario，ask the dealer or seller for the Used Vehicle Information Packagethis gives details of previous owners，any outstanding liens on the car, and the fair market value of the vehicle 练习： 1. According to the passage，in buying a second-hand vehicle it is most important to know A)how long it has been used B)what color it is. C)whether it has been in a collision D)whether it leaks oil 2. All of the following are mentioned as tricks which dishonest second-hand Car dealers may play upon their customers EXCEPT A)To re-Paint the car B)To roll back the odometer C)T0 replace the old pedal D)T0 disengage the odometer 3. “An independent technician” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means A)a technician who checks a car free of charge B)a technician who learned his trade all by himself C)a technician who works for a particular car-dealer D)a technician who runs his own inspection service 4.According to Bleakley, before buying a used Car all the inspection work Can A)be done by a mechanic together with the dealer B)only be done by a qualified mechanic C)be done by the buyer himself D)be done by a qualified mechanic together with the buyer 5. According to the passage，from which of the following Call the buyer obtain reliableinformation of the previous owner? A)The vehicle identification number B)The unbiased inspector C)The secondhand car dealer D)The Used Vehicle Information Package 难度BA级Kasparov：Chess Computers BeatableFor Now Humans will continue to beat computers for yearsbut the machines are 1ikely to dominate in matches played over several games，according to the worlds top chess player “We will not see a machine replacing a human being in our lifetimeMan will be able to beat a computer in at least one game for a very long time，”Kasparov told a press conference in Moscow a week after settling for a draw in a sixgame match with the computer Deep Junior in New YorkBut while human intuition can provide an advantage in individual games“Man will never be able to play 8 or 10 games in a row to an equal level，”Kasparov saidHe gradually declines for a variety of external factors：the weather，a headache，family strains or whatever” In his Man vsMachine contest in the United States，Kasparov won the first game，but lost the third after committing a midgame blunderHe then adopted a safetyfirst strategy, and in the sixth game passed up a chance to win by accepting a draw in a position some analysts said was favourable Kasparovwatchers believe he was determined above all not to lose to Deep Junior because he was still smarting from a defeat to another computer, Deep Bluein 1997That 10ss clearly rankled Kasparov, and he said at the time that the computer had been receiving assistance from its human operators The Russian，who has reigned undisputedly as the worlds top player since 1985，said he was“satisfied overall”with his result against Deep Junioralthough“if Id been in better shape and had more time to prepare the result might have been different”He stressed the importance of psychology in chess between one human player and another, and described the “psychological discomfort”involved in adapting to a confrontation with a machineIn chess with humans “youre always attempting to impose your decisions on the personality of your rivalA game is always an exchange of errors，of imprecisionIts psychologyTheres never complete exactitude or purity in a game of chess，”he said“But playing against a machine，beyond a certain point，to win or even to save the game you have to play will absolute exactitudewhich is not a human qualityKnowing this specificity of your rival creates a psychological discomfort which is very difficult to overcome” Kasparov was at pains to stress that his l 997 defeat was an aberration：“The main thing was to show that what happened then had nothing to do with the fight between man and machineAny impartial specialist can see that Deep Junior is much stronger than Deep BlueThe real battle begins now” 练习： 1.According to Kasparov， A)humans can beat computers in individual games B)computers will never take the place of human beings in games C)human beings can never beat computers in individual or series games D)human intuition plays an important role in games 2.In the contest with Deep Junior in the United States，Kasparov A)lost the game B)won the game C)settled for a draw D)left the game unfinished 3.Which of the following statements is true about KasparovS contest with Deep Blue in 19977 A)He made up his mind to win Deep Blue B)He was smart enough to have beaten Deep Blue C)Deep Blue received human assistance D)Kasparov was unwilling to admit his defeat by Deep Blue 4.According to Kasparov, a human VS machine chess game may involve all the following qualities EXCEPT that A)it involves psychological discomfort in the mind of the human player B) it demands the human player of absolute exactitude C)it creates an exchange of errors between man and machine D)it is difficult to overcome psychological discomfort 5.Kasparovs remarks on his 1997 defeat imply that A) man was no match to computer in intelligence B)Deep Blue was unbeatable C)Deep Blue also made blunders D)if he had made no blunders，he should have beaten Deep Blue 难度BA级 Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific Scientists watched closely last spring as a haze of pollution, which had been tracked by satellite as it crossed the Pacific Ocean，settled over a large swath of North America from Calgary, Canada，into ArizonaNow it appears that，for the first time, researchers on both sides of the Pacific took detailed measurements of the same plume，a cloud that contained Gobi desert dust as well as hydrocarbons from industrial pollution Heather Price，a University of Washington doctoral student in chemi