AppendixIIIGrammarglossary.ppt

Unit2 Unit2Theuniversallanguage GrammarandusageEllipsis Lookatthissentence aretheresomewordsthatareleftoutinthissentence Inordertoavoidmarriage shesaysthatanypotentialhusbandmustanswerthreeriddlescorrectlyordie Ellipsis省略 orhemustdie Howisyourcousintoday Sheismuchbetter Muchbetter Itsoundsfinetome Soundsfinetome Isthereanythingwrong Anythingwrong Ellipsisisusedwhenwedonotwanttorepeatwordsorphrasesthatareobvious Somewordsofasentencecanbeleftoutwhilethemeaningcanstillbeunderstood 1 为避免重复而进行的省略当一个句子中有两个或更多的相同的词 短语出现时 其中的第一个须保留 其余的往往 以避免重复 使句子简练 省略 尤其要注意的是 当时间状语从句 地点状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句 条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语 并含有 时 往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一起省略 一致 be 句子中常可省略的成分如下 1 省掉主语 如 Thankyouforyourhelp Seeyoutomorrow 2 省掉谓语动词 如 SomeofusstudyRussian othersEnglish HegotupearlierthanItoday others后省掉study 前面省掉主语I 前面省掉主语I I后省掉gotup 3 省掉系动词 如 MaLinisabusdriver hiswifeaconductor Goldismoreexpensivethansilver hiswife后省掉is silver后省掉is 4 同时省掉句子的几个成分 如 InwinteritiscolderinBeijingthaninGuangzhou Hashegoneornot Hashegoneorhashenotgone than后省略itis Whendidyoureadtheplay Longago HaveyoueverbeentoXinjiang Never Ihaveneverbeenthere Ireaditlongago 在if when though as asif等连词引导的从句中 如果主从句的主语一致 又含有be动词时 常把从句中的主语和be动词 e g Whenyoudothisexercise makechangesinthesentencestructurewhennecessary when后省掉itis 省略 Heisverygoodatpainting thoughveryyoung Theboylookedasifafraidofnothing thoughheisveryyoung asifhewereafraidofnothing 在下面的句子中 动词不定式to的后面省去了动词原形及其以后的部分 e g Youmaygowiththemifyouwantto Willyoubeabletocome I dloveto ButI mbusy to后省去gowiththem to后省掉come e g Heistwelveyearsold Iwalkedfortenmiles 2 语法上允许的省略 有些成分的被省略是出于语法上的允许 以显得表述更为简明 Heistwelve Iwalkedtenmiles 3 习惯用法上允许的省略 有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法 尤其是在口语中 例如在问句中be常常省略 有时连主语一起省略 e g Veryeasy 很简单吗 Whynot 为什么不 4 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中 newspaperheadlines Turandotonstage图兰朵将要上演signsandlabels Nosmoking禁止吸烟 instructions DonotbendpostcardsanddiariesHavenothadtimetowritediarynotesOperaOK costumesgreat Itwasarealopportunityformetobecast IthadalwaysbeenoneofmystrongestdesirestohaveapartinTurandot JaneinterviewedoneofthesingersinTurandot Underlinethewordsyoucouldleaveoutsoastomakethedialoguemoreconcise Howwereyouhiredforthejob Oneday Isawaposterputupbytheproductioncompany sPersonnelDepartment sayingtheywerelookingforsingers Iappliedforthejob andtheysentmeaninvitationtotryoutforapartinthechorus Wasitdifficulttotryout Yes itwasdifficult ThebestpartwasvisitingBeijingbecausetheperformancewasstagedintheForbiddenCity Yes IwouldliketovisitBeijingagain Ithankyouforyourtime Readthefollowingusesofellipsis Choosethecategoryeachonebelongsto Foreachoftheexamplesbelowwritethecompletesentence apostcards diariesbnewspaperheadlinescsigns labelsdinstructionsenotes 1 Popstardies 2 Stagedoor 3 Performancelastnightnotasgoodasexpected BobJames apopstar diesofdrugabuse b Thisisthedoortothestage c Theperformancelastnightwasnotasgoodasexpected a 4 Handlewithcare 5 Turandot wonderfulperformance settingfantastic Pleasehandlethiswithcare d Turandotwasreallyawonderfulperformance andthesettingwasalsofantastic e 例题解析 考例1 Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless everyday A wateredB wateringC waterD towater 选A when if unless though等引导状语从句时 如果主从句的主语一致 又含有be动词时 常把从句中的主语和be动词省略 此处应为unlesstheyarewatered 考例2 Everyeveningafterdinner ifnot fromwork Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog A beingtiredB tiringC tiredD tobetired 考例3 Although myopinion theoldprofessordidn tcomeupwithhisown A againstB onC forD in 选A 句意为 尽管老教授反对我的意见 可他也没提出自己的看法 完整的从句应为 Althoughhewasagainstmyopinion 句子省略了从句中的主语和be动词 againstone sopinion意为 反对某人的见解 介词on不与opinion搭配 forone sopinion意为 同意某人的见解 inone sopinion意为 在某人看来 ArethereanyEnglishstorybooksforusstudentsinthelibrary Thereareonlyafew A ifanyB ifthere C ifsomeD ifhas 2 Wouldyouliketogowithus Yes A I dB I dlikeC I dliketoD I dliketodo 3 Wouldyouliketohaveatryonceagain A Yes IlikeB No Idon tlikeitC Yes IwantverymuchD Yes I dliketo 4 WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset herbicycle A AsshelostB LostC LosingD Becauseoflosing 5 Whendidtheygetdowntothejob A UntiltheyleftB TilltheyarrivedC SincetheyfinisheditD Notuntiltheyturnedtome 6 Areyouangry Yes Heshouldatleastanswerwhen A speakingB spokentoC spokenD speakingto 根据汉语意思完成下面对话 每空一词 Jacob I mgoingtothemuseumtovisitanexhibition Eve 1 和谁 Jacob 2 我的朋友迈克 Eve Hashearrivedalready Jacob 3 还没有 Withwhom MyfriendMike Notyet Eve Whenwillhecome Jacob