Lesson2Websites.ppt

Unit3ComputersLearningaboutlanguage Unit3Computers 1Findthewordorexpressionforeachofthefollowingmeaningsfromthetext completechangeinwaysofthinking working etc 2 connectedcomputersystem3 tomakethingseasier4 tofindtheanswerusingnumbers calculate simplify revolution network Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions 5 canbemovedeasilyfromplacetoplace toworkouttheanswertoaproblem totravelaroundanareatofindoutaboutit8 completely9 anyway10 activityofmanagingmoney finance anyhow totally explore solve mobile 2Completethepassagewiththewordsbelow artificialtechnologyintelligentWebapplicationsexplorerealitylogically Mybrotherwasveryinterestedincomputersandenjoyedwritingprogramsofhisown HeusedtodownloadinformationfromtheInternetandmadegooduseofit Helikedto theWorldWide and explore Web usedtheInternettocommunicatewithcomputerprogrammersallovertheworld WhenhewenttouniversityhestudiedIT information anddevelopedaspecialinterestin intelligence Afterdevelopingspecial ofthecomputer hehopestodesignan robotwhichcanthink andlooklikeahumanbeing butin hehasalongwaytogo technology artificial applications intelligent logically reality Lookatthefollowingsentence payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart Examplesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage 1 FirstasaPC personalcomputer andthenasalaptop Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s Discoveringstructures 2 Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat likeanelephant IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold 3 Sincethe1970smanyapplicationshavebeenfoundforme 4 2 Changethefollowingsentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice 1 Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbymyfriend 2 Mycomputerhasbeenrepairedbytheshopveryquickly 3 Mycomputerhasjustbeenattackedbyanunknownvirus 4 Theproblemhavenotbeensolvedbyusyet 5 Thecomputershasbeengivenawaytoalocalschoolbythecompany 6 Akindofintelligentrobothasbeendevelopedbythescientists Grammar ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice Acalculatingmachine replace Acalculatingmachinehasbeenreplacedwiththelaptop Makesentences Thebuildings destroy earthquake Thebuildingshavebeendestroyedinanearthquake 1 现在完成时 have has 过去分词 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去 但它强调的是与现在的关系 用来说明现在的情况 现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用 如 yesterday twoweeksago in1978 whenIgotthere等 现在完成时常与already always often ever never yet not yet just等不表示明确 1 两种时态 的时间副词连用 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用 如 now today thismonth thisyear recently thesefewdays等 不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词 如 be have like love know believe hate等 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况 与现在毫无关系 2 现在完成进行时 have has been 现在分词 1 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are 过去分词 如 Theworkisdoneduringtwodays 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was were 过去分词 2 七种被动语态形式 如 Hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident 3 一般将来时的被动语态 will shall be 过去分词或 begoingto be 过去分词 如 Theworkwillbefinishedsoon 4 现在进行时的被动语态 is am are being 过去分词 如 Thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed 5 现在完成时的被动语态 have has been 过去分词 如 Theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop 6 带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be 过去分词 如 Thiscanbedoneinafewminutes 7 动词不定式的被动式 tobe 过去分词 如 Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响 其构成是 have hasbeen done 如 1 Thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed 脏衣服都已经洗了 2 Theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了 现在完成时的被动语态 3 ThechildhasbeentakencareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears 这些年来 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料 现在完成时被动态 have has been 动词过去分词现在完成进行时 have has been 动词现在分词 它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上 被动态接的是过去分词形式 现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式 1 主语是行为动作的承受者 如 TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt 张飞庙已经过重建 2 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果 如 Thedoorhasbeenlocked 门已经被锁上了 3 动作或状态始于过去 持续到现在 并可能持续下去 如 Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes 有人告诉他这事很多次了 可能还会有人告诉他 我或别人现在进不去 4 用在时间和条件状语从句中 表示将来某时已完成的动作 如 We llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished 工作一完成我们就立即动身 注意 副词的位置often usually always never hardly seldom等副词置于have has和been中间 如 误 Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved 正 Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved 2 并不是所有动词都有被动语态1 happen takeplace breakout belongto cost last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态 如 误 GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978 正 GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978 2 open break drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态 如 误 Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself 正 Thedoorhasopenedofitself 3 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词 如 TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof 4 一些特殊动词 如borrow finish begin buy start return marry open join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 若要表达相应的意思 则需改换动词或时态 如 Mybrotherhashad 不能用hasbought thisbikeforalmostfouryears Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought Howlongagowasthisbookbought 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 如 Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 不知道电脑是谁偷的 Thisbookwaspublishedin1981 这本书出版于1981年 被动语态的用法 2 强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 如 ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike 窗户是迈克打破的 Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim 这本书是他写的 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 把谓语变成被动结构 be 过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式 主动语态变被动语态的方法 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 如 Allthepeoplelaughedathim Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople Theymakethebikesinthefactory Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory 歌诀是 宾变主 主变宾 by短语后面跟 谓语动词变被动 be后 过分 来使用 4 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个保留不动 主动 Ihavegivenhimthekey 被动 Hehasbeengiventhekey 被动 Thekeyhasbeengiven to him 5 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时 只能将宾语变为主语 原来的宾补保留不动 改称主语补足语 主动 Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou 被动 Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou 1 现在完成时被动语态肯定句主语 has havebeen P P P P 动词的过去分词形式 Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen 她的摩托车被盗了 Alltheofficeshavebeenlinkedbycomputer 所有的售票处由计算机联网工作 句型 2 现在完成时被动语态否定句主语 has have not been P P Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet 任务尚未完成 Manyskilledworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany 这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人 3 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句Hashe she it 单数名词 been P P Hasanewcomputerbeenbought 买了一台新电脑吗 HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEng lish 他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗 4 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句疑问词 have has 主语 been P P WhathasbeenboughtbyTom 汤姆已经买了什么东西 Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer 谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助 Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool 这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼 Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired 这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了 1 Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit 北京2007 A hasruinedB hadruinedC hasbeenruinedD hadbeenruined C 高考链接 2 ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture butwhenandwhere yet 浙江2007 A hasn tbeendecidedB haven tdecidedC isn tbeingdecidedD aren tdecided A 3 IfNewtonlivedtoday hewouldbesurprisedbywhat inscienceandtechnology 天津2007 A haddiscoveredB hadbeendiscoveredC hasdiscoveredD hasbeendiscovered D 4 CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool whereshe Englishforayear 湖南2007 A studiesB studiedC isstudyingD hasbeenstudying D 5 Withthehelpofhightechnology moreandmorenewsubstances inthepastyears 上海2007 A discoveredB havediscoveredC hadbeendiscoveredD havebeendiscovered D 6 Whenyougetthepaperback payspecialattentiontowhat 四川2007 A havemarkedB havebeenmarkedC hadmarkedD hadbeenmarked B 一 单项选择 1 Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat inmyhometown A hassetupB hasbeensetupC wassetupD issetup 2 thesportsmeetwillbeputoff A I vebeentoldB I vetoldC I mtoldD Itold B A 3 Allthepreparationforthetask andwe rereadytostart A completedB completeC hadbeencompletedD havebeendone D 4 Howlong atthisjob Since1990 A wereyouemployedB haveyoubeenemployedC hadyoubeenemployedD willyoubeemployed B 5 Whenandwheretogofortheon salaryholiday yet A arenotdecidedB havenotbeendecidedC isnotbeingdecidedD hasnotbeendecided D 6 Betty injuredsincelastSaturday A hasbeenB wasC isD has A 7 Thatbook intoatleast20foreignlanguages A hassaidtobetranslated B hasbeensaidtohavetranslated C issaidthatithadbeentranslated D issaidtohavebeentranslated 注 该句的句型是 Itissaidthat people they saidthat thatbookissaidto 根据句意是已经被译成了20多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态 D 8 Hi Tom youlooktired Ofcourse I thelivingroomallday A hadpaintedB painted C havebeenpaintedD havebeenpainting D 9 Didyoumoveintothenewhouse No Therooms yet A werebeingpaintedB arepaintingC havenotpaintedD havenotbeenpainted D 10 Greatchanges inmyhometownandalotoffactories A havebeentakenplace arebeingsetupB havetakenplace havebeensetupC aretakenplace hadbeensetupD tookplace willsetup B 11 It ssaidthatthisbook intoChinese A hadtranslatedB hastranslatedC wastranslatedD hasbeentranslated 12 Youcan tmovein Thehouse A ispaintingB isbeingpaintedC haspaintedD hasbeenpainted D B 13 Millionsofpounds worthofdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight 2005重庆 A hasbeencausedB hadbeencausedC willbecausedD willhavebeencause A 14 Haveyouever totheexhibitionwhich forthreeweeks A gone hasbeenshownB visited shownC been hasbeenonshowD went lasted C 15 Howlongago theseeggs Perhaps15days A will hatchB did hatchC were hatchedD have beenhatched C 二 改错 1 Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus 2 Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer 3 APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted 4 Ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheinternet Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet 5 Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit 6 Alotofe mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years Alotofe mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years 三 用动词正确形式填空 1 FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop I use inofficesandhomessincethe1970s 2 Overtimemymemory develop somuchthat likeanelephant IneverforgetanythingI told 3 Sincethe1970smanynewapplications find forme havebeenused hasdeveloped havebeentold havebeenfound 4 Ihavealso put intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas help withmedicaloperations 5 I put intos