初中易混动词及词组.doc

易混动词及词组1. accept 和receive 均可表示“接受”， 但是用法不同。 （1） accept “接受” 指当事人的态度，同意或不同意采纳He asked Lucy to marry him and she accepted his proposal. （2） receive “接到” 指客观事实， 不含是否愿意接受的意思She received an invitation but couldnt accept it.2. add to, add.to. 和add up to 均可表示“加， 添”，但用法不同。 （1） add to = increase “增加，增添” add在此处为不及物动词，to 是介词，一起构成短语动词，作及物动词用，主语通常是物。The bad weather only added to our difficulties. （2） add.to. “把.加到.上” 主语通常是人，可用于主动语态和被动语态。Will you please add a few notes to the essay?(请你给这篇散文加一些注释好吗？） （3） add up to “总计，共达”These numbers add up to 100.3. arrive, get和reach 均可表示“到达”，但用法不同。 （1）arrive 是不及物动词，常见用法 A: “ arrive in +大地点” B: “arrive at +小地点”When will you arrive in Shanghai ?We arrived at the restaurant at six in the evening. （2）get 是不及物动词，常见用法 “ get to +地点名词”How do you usually get to school every day? （3）reach 是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。When she reached the office, the secretary gave her an urgent letter from America at once.4. borrow, lend 和 keep 均可表示“借”，但用法不同。 （1） borrow “借”，是终止性动词，表示主语 “借入”某物 如 borrow sth from sb 表示 “从某人处借了某物”I borrowed a novel from the school library. （2）lend “借给” 是终止性动词，表示主语 “借出”某物 如 lend sb. sth或 lend sth to sb 均表示“把某物借给了某人”Could you lend me a bike? （3）keep “保存，借” 是持续动词，表示“借入之后长时间地保留某物” 如 keep sth for +时间 表示“已经借了多长时间”How long can i keep the book?5. care about 和care for 均含care,但用法不同 （1）care about “在乎，在意” 常用于否定句，指主语无所谓的态度He didnt care about anything people might say. （2）care for “照料，尊重，喜欢”The little boy is well cared for in the nursery.6. look, see, watch 和read 均可表示 “看”，但用法不同 （1）look “看” 表示动作，是不及物动词，后面需要加介词at 才能跟宾语。Look！There is a plan in the sky.Look at the picture carefully. （2） see “看见” 强调看到的结果，后面可直接跟宾语I can see the girl who is hiding behind the table. （3） watch “观看” 尤指 观看比赛， 电视等Its not good for children to watch TV for a long time. （4） read “读，看（书，报），表示阅读，后面可直接跟宾语。Dont read books in the sun. It will hurt your eyes.7. listen to 与hear 均可表示 “听”，但用法不同 （1）listen 是不及物动词，与to 构成固定搭配，listen to “听.”, 强调听的动作Listen！ Whats that noise?He likes listening to music. （2）hear “听到” ，强调听到的结果She heard footsteps behind her.8. say, speak, talk和tell 均可表示“说”，但用法不同 （1） say “说”， 作为及物动词使用，其后常跟直接引语和间接引语He said he would come tonight.“Good night,” she said. （2） speak “讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，有时作为及物动词 speak+各种语言May i speak to John, please?Do you speak English? （3）talk “谈话”，是不及物动词， talk about 表示“谈论关于.” talk to/with 表示“和.讲话”Mr. Thompson is talking with my father in the office now, please wait here for a moment.What are you talking about? （4） tell “告诉，讲述”，是及物动词，可带双宾语和复合宾语，常用结构， tell sb sth/that从句；tell sb to do sth.The teacher told us an interesting story yesterday.She told us that we would have an English exam the next week.9. bring，take，fetch和carry 均可表示“拿，取”，但用法不同。 （1）bring “带来，拿来” 只把某物和某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来，或者可以说是由远及近Bring me you dictionary tomorrow.（2）take “带走” 指把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去， 也可以说是“由近及远”，常和介词to 搭配Can you help me take the book to the classroom?（3）carry “提，扛，搬，携带” 意思较多，没有方向性He is carrying water.（4） fetch “去拿，去取”， 表示往返取物She went to fetch the kids.10.look for, search for和find均可表示“寻找”，但用法不同。 (1)look for “寻找”强调寻找的过程。I am looking for the key. Do you see it? (2)search for “寻找，搜寻” 其对象多是一个或一批人或物，如找矿，找资料，找文件，找工作等。它强调寻找的行为，不着重结果。They are searching for the missing child. (3)find “找到” 强调寻找的结果。Can you find my shoes?11. cost, pay,spend,和take 均可表示“花费”，但用法不同 （1）cost “花费（时间或金钱）”，后面直接跟时间和金钱，但主语是物The book cost me 120 yuan. （2）pay “支付” 词组 “pay+金钱+for sth ”表示“为某物花了多少钱”，主语是人I paid 25 dollars for the dress. （3）spend “花费（时间和金钱）” 常用结构“spend+时间或金钱+on sth 或spend +时间或金钱+(in)doing sth” 主语是人Mary spent 1,000dollars on the trip to the beach.She spent an hour dressing up her little sister. （4）take “花费（时间或金钱) 固定结构： It takes(各种时态）+sb+时间或金钱+to do sthIt took me half a day to get there.12. dress, put on,wear和in 均可表示“穿”，但用法不同 （1）dress常见用法有：dress sb 和dress sb up。 dress sb “给某人穿衣服” dress sb up “打扮某人”The boy dress himself quickly.My mother is dressing up my brother and they are going to a party. （2）put on “穿上，戴上”，表示动作After putting on his coat,Jim went out to play with his classmates. （3）wear “穿着，戴着” 表示状态Bob is wearing a red shirt today. （4）in 表示穿着 后面加衣服的颜色The man in a black shirt is my father.13. fail和lose 均可表示“失败”，但用法不同。 （1）fail “失败” 可作不及物动词，常见用法：fail to do sth，表示“做某事失败，没能做成某事”Jimmy failed to pass the exam. （2）lose “输” 后面可直接借比赛，战斗等，表示输掉比赛或战斗，也可用于lose to sb，表示输给某人Iam so sorry that you lose the game.14. beat和win 均可表示“打败”，但用法不同 （1）beat “打败” 常见用法: beat+某人或某支队伍， 表示“打败某人或某队”Look! They are fighting. I think Tom will Li Lei but before that happens, stop them. （3）win “赢得”，如是赢得荣誉，比赛，地位等，表示某人经过努力和全力拼搏胜过其他人，不一定有正面对抗。She is glad to see that her husband won the game.15. attend, join, join in 和take part in 均可表示“参加”，但用法不同 （1）attend “出席”，指出席会议Our mother attended the meeting this morning. （2）join “参加，加入”，一般指加入某组织并成为其中的一员，如参军，入党等I dont know whether he has joined the army or not. （3）join in sth/ doing sth“参加”后面接一般表示竞赛，娱乐，游戏等活动的名词或V-ingThey all join in sing the song. （4）take part in “参加” 指参加某种活动，如聚会，运动会等Would you like to take part in the sports meeting next week?16. lay和lie （1）lay表示“放置；铺；产（蛋，卵)”时，过去式和过去分词是不规则变化：lay-laid-laidLay the books down and you can go. （2）lie 表示“说谎”时，可做及物动词和不及物动词，过去式和过去分词是规则变化：lie-lied-liedI cant believed he lied to me.（3） lie 表示“躺，位于”时为不及物动词，过去式和过去分词是不规则变化：lie-lay-lainI need to lie down for a while.Thirty years ago,the house lay in the southwest corner of the city.17.used to do sth, be/get used to doing sth 和be used to do sth (1)used to do sth 固定搭配，表示“过去常常做某事”I used to get up early in the morning. (2)