2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第三套.doc

2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第三套第1部分：词汇选项1 These are their motives for doing itA reasons B excuses C answers D plans2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twists B stretches C broadens D bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuse B flavor C temptation D consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people.A natural B fatal C tiny D enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintain B improve C assess D protect6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA cooperating B competing C combining D arguing7 He is determined to consolidate his powerA strengthen B control C abandon D exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA solving C settling B exploring D handling9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA removed B cured C worsened D relieved10 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functions C motions B faults D parts11 The food is insufficient for three people.A instant B infinite C inexpensive D inadequate12 Thousands of people perished in the storm.A died B suffered C floated D scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedly B certainly C ultimately D necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.A strange B complex C personal D funny15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A evaluation B efficiency C production D publicity参考答案：A C C D B A A B D B D A C B A第2部分：阅读判断ComputersBefore the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a companys activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.16 Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shopA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned参考答案：16. A17. B18. B19. A20. B 21. C第3部分：概括大意与完成句子1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word radar, in fact, gets its name from the term radio detection (检测) and ranging. Ranging is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.23 Paragraph 2_.24 Paragraph 3_.25 Paragraph 4_.26 Paragraph 5_.AStudy of Sound BHighway Police CWorking PrinciplesDEarly Use of Radar EUseful Tools FDiscovery by Chance27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to_.28 Ultrasonic device were used to_.29 Police use radar on highways to_.30 Radar helps pilots to_.Adetect nearby objects Bdetermine the depth of the ocean waterCdecide how fast you drive Dstop passing shipsEmap the ocean floor Fobserve water flow参考答案：23. D24. F25. C26. B 27. E28. B29. C30. A第4部分：阅读理解Ocean Noise PollutionSome scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in. oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed (出血) and become infected (感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?A The sound of a car. B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution. D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPTA sounds made by animals themselves. B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes. D the breaking of ice fields.,33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?A They wont be confused by noises. B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.参考答案：31. C32. B33. A34. D35. BLifetime Employment in Japanese CompaniesIn most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to ones company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firms interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the company - the consequence of lifetime employment - may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employeeAleaves his company only when business is bad.Bgets a job soon after he leaves school or university.Ccan work there throughout his career,Dcan have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?AFamily and company interests are equally importantBThe Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.COnes future is guaranteed through hard work.DDevotion to ones company is encouraged38 Lifetime employment influences onesAachievements at work. Bperformance at work.Ccareer options. Dattitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his companys products because ofAhis marriage with the daughter of the president.Bthe close link between him and his company.Chis willingness to work overtime.Dhis active participation in quality control,40 The passage mainly discussesAhow lifetime employment works in Japan.Bwhat benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.Cwhat lifetime employment is.Dhow lifetime employment is viewed.参考答案：36. C37. A38. D39. B40. ADreams of FlightThe story of mans dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself. According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly. He and his son had been kept on an island. In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (2) into which he stuck bird feathers. During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax. He was drowned in the sea. The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly. But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death. The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone. It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century. He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water. Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight. He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres (空心球). ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter (直径) and made of very thin copper. But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped (摆动) their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same. So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented. Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines. It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed - man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life becauseA he flew too far. B he flew too high. C he fell to the ground, D he was hit by a stone.43 The first scientific air flight was designed byA a Greek. B an Englishman. C a Chinese. D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat becauseA he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific. C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed45 According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines becauseA he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal. D they were made of light feathers.参考答案：41. D42. C43. D44. D45. A第5部分：补全短文The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. _(46) There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the Step pyramid and the Bent pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings._(47). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever._(48). However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves._(49)Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build._(50) You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.C The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.参考答案：46. F47. A48. B49. D50. C第6部分：完形填空TransportationFor many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation (运输). Before the(51) of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and E