北京理工大学2000年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题.doc

北京理工大学2000年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题Passage OneAstronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career, including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound experience in the summer of 1980, when he participated in the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program Voss, then science teacher at West Point was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Centers propulsion lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump seal on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed, It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seals could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on then.“I worked a bit with NASA engineers,” says Voss, “but I did it mostly by analysis I used a handheld calculator, not a computer, to do a thermodynamic analysis. At the end of the summer, he like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall, summarized his findings in a formal presentation and detailed paper it was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA deepened his desire to fly in space, and intensified his application for astronaut status.It was not an easy process, Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly, and was finally accepted in 1987, participating in three space missions. The 50-year-old Army officer who lives in Houston, is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the international Space Station starting in July 2000.Voss says the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program is wonderful for all involved. “It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of establishes a link with our colleges and universities, Voss explains. “Theres an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important.For the academic side. Voss says the ASEE program also “brings institutions of higher learning more insight into technology, we give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom,71. Why was the problem of “a hydraulic fuel pump seal on the space shuttle” important, according to the passage author?A Because previous seals all failed.B Because it was very complex in running the space program.C Because any crack in the seals would cause disastrous results for the astronauts.D Because great care has to be taken of the hydraulic fuel pump sealing. 72. The great significance of Vosss findings lies in _.1 strengthening his determination to join in NASA programs2 furthering his understanding of NASA3. consolidating his astronaut status in NASA programs A 1 only B 2 only C 1and 2 only D 1,2and 3all include3. How many flights will Voss have finished if his “four-month mission as a crew member on the international Space Station starting in July 2000 end up successfully?A three B two C five D four 4. Which of the following is NOT TURE according to what Voss said on the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program?A Fresh members from the academic world will join in the programB The program will add up new outlooks to NASA space programsC Lot of American colleges and universities will be involved in the program D It is of great significance for the space scientists to exchange information and find new perspectives through this program5. Which of the following four points is the key one that Voss wants to stress from what he says in the last paragraph?A The educational meaning of the programB The academic meaning of the programC The philosophical meaning of the programD The historical meaning of the programPassage Two It was hoped that in the context of rapid globalization and transformation a new state of mind might evolve based on the philosophy of “Smart Partnership”. This hope and call is consistent with the business leaders that the world system is in a crisis of transformation in properly matched to the fast changing and increasingly complex emerging realities.The discussions at the beginning of the 95 dialogue centered around the term of “Smart Partnership”, It thus become clear that the term “partnership” should be singular rather than plural, which would indicate that one is talking of a principle, rather than of entities called “Smart Partnership”. But what about the term itself ?No one objects to the concept of “Partnership”, which really signifies “being part of something greater”. Individuals are obviously parts of organizations, which are in turn parts of the society. Partnership should therefore not be simply regarded as collaboration between business and governmental organizations. The entire society and all its members as well as nature should profit from the gist of partnership as well.“Smart Partnership” was about individuals. Communities and even nation working together aiming to prosper not at the expense of, but together with ,their partners and even their competitors. Collectively a win-win situation could be achieved in which sharing for mutual benefit would mean that if your neighbor grew it offered more opportunities for youA countys efforts to create a competitively efficient and modern economy must be supported and enhanced by ethical business practices. This would help create the particular countrys unique regional ethos placing emphasis on justice and equilibrium that would become the bull mark of an emerging paradigmEthics. Sense of values and the Partnership was a partnership among people where the pursuit of wealth was matched by care and compassion The disappearance of cultural borders required respect for varied cultural and religious heritage and sensitivities and regard for universally accepted ethical values and practices. Diversity needed to become a accepted ethical values and rather than a source of conflict and mutual suspicionSmart Partnership should go beyond the formation of joined ventures and simple agreements between companies as success would be measured not only by profit but also in part by trust, a sense of “values and ethics.”6. According to the first paragraph of the passage, the so-called “smart partnership” can be interpreted as_ A a new philosophical school B a new mind-transformationC a new management spirit of styleD a new approach to ones cooperative demand7. If “Smart Partnership” with its chief supporting newspapers and social forces is enough popularized which of the following will be vanishing as its direct consequence?A religious heritageB regard for the universally accepted values and practicesC care and compassion for the pursuit of wealthD now existing cultural borders between the different areas and different workers8. The sentence in Paragraph Two “smart partnership should go between companies” can best be paraphrased by which of the following_?A More joined ventures or small agreements between companies should be promoted to practice Smart Partnership B It will not be enough just to establish joined ventures or small agreements between companies to carry out Smart PartnershipC The established joined ventures or small agreements between companies should be guided by the spirit of Smart PartnershipD The entire society and all its inhabitants as well as nature and all its components should profit from the Smart Partnership as well 9. According to the passage. The word “ethos” in Line 8.Paragraph 2 can probably mean _A ethics B beauty C morale D codes 10.Which of the following can probably be the best title of this passage?A Win-win Situation is The Utmost Goal Of Smart PartnershipB Smart Partnership-Reflection to the Need of the Ever-Speeding Up the World Universalizing Tendency C Smart Partnership the Philosophical Guide for Future success both in scientific research and in modern productionD Smart Partnership-a Well-Matched Slogan to the Fast Changing And Increasingly Complex Emerging RealitiesPassage Three It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is in its way an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be question we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.11. According to the author, really good science_A Would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment B Will produce results which cannot be foreseenC Will help people to make the right choice in advanceD Will bring about disturbing results12. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_A Thought that they knew a greet deal and could solve most problems of scienceB Were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC Knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD Did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature 13. Which of the following is not mentioned about scientists in earlier times A They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand B They falsely claimed to know all about nature C They did not believe in results from scientific observationD They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand14. What is the authors attitude towards science?A He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientificB He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties in scientific research C He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research D He is delighted because of the glorious scientific findings15. The author believes that_A Man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up B Man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC Sooner or later man can think up all questions concerning nature and answers them D Questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchPassage Four In all the discussion between the information carriers and the government, there was no disagreement about the fact that the information superhighway was to be a multimedia vehicle for transporting both information and entertainment. Although never stated explicitly, it was perhaps the novelty of a single network or set of networks playing the role of todays autocratic and democratic networks that led to some of the suspicion surrounding the American governments intentions. The governments interest in the superhighway lay in its informational possibilities. The carriers were, of course, interested in both information and entertainment. But the cost of the superhighway upgrade, estimated to be in the hundreds of billions of dollars, was not only beyond the government but also out of the carriers unless they were reasonably sure of a market for the services that the superhighway could supply. While in the long term one might expect a demand for broadband information services, in the near term it was clear that only the entertainment possibilities could hope to provide the guaranteed market that could justify such expenditures.Entertainment has two very large advantages over information services in capitalizing on the new superhighway. For one thing, ever since radio broadcasting made is 1920, there has been a love affair between broadcasting and the public that shows no sign of diminishing. While nobody can predict how well any particular new video product will be accepted, it is reasonably clear that publics approval, Just as important is the fact that very little more of the infrastructure than the superhighway itself will be needed to supply all the advanced entertainment services. Information services lack both of these advantages. The earlier discussion makes it clear that providing information services requires much more of the infrastructure than the communications paths. Then, we do not know how popular these services will become. The numbers of people who now obtain information services through the internet or the information service companies is much small than the number of TV viewers. To be sure, there are some very popular cable services such as home shopping that will become even more popular once they become interactive. However, it is not clear how rapidly the public will respond to other forms of information services, and as virtual libraries that are sophisticated in their own right are available. For example, Bob Kahn likens the scenario of “entertainment first” to the way many people were first introduced to the home computer by the allure of games, but turned to more productive applications once they were able to leap the initial hurdle of learning how to use computers. According to this theory once consumers become comfortable with using the high-speed multimedia networks in the pursuit of entertainment, they will be more likely to explore information opportunities. And if these information opportunities are as significant as many people think they are government expenditures to develop them and make them easy to use are of the utmost importance. That is why the high-speed test bed efforts and the newer applications efforts started under the Clinton administration areas do not infringe on the privileges of the carriers and should receive their support.16. Why are the information carriers interested not only in the information possibilities but also in the entertainment possibilities according to the passage?选项看不清17. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?A Clearly providing information services requires much more of the infrastructure than the communication paths B The government is mainly concerned about the informational possibilities the superhighway can bring about C Concerted government and carriers efforts in these areas are needed to promote the progress of the information highway D So far it is still hard to predict the actual advantages the information highways may bring about in entertainment.18. According to the context, the phrase “capitalizing on the new superhighway” can probably mean_A Making fortune through the new superhighway servicesB Turning into of using the new superhighway as its capital for further developmentC Taking advantage of the new superhighway to make profitD Winning the favor of the customers for the new superhighway services19. Which of the following is what the author here means to say by “information services lack both of these advantages” in Paragraph 2?A The publics never-diminishing affection for broadcasting and their positive attitude towards the great varieties and expansions of video program.B The love affair made between the public and broadcasting and that of video program with their watchersC The diminishing love affair between the public and broadcasting and the ever approval of the public for the video programs D The intimate feeling of the public for broadcasting and hardly predictable public interest in the various ever-expanding video programs 20. Which of the following groups of key word can represent the main idea of this passageA Superhighway public interest ;infrastructureB Information superhighway ;information services; entertainment services C Information superhighway; government efforts; carriers interestD The prerogatives of the carriers; concerted government efforts; information services Passage FiveFor many years the automotive research departments of the world have been using laser based analysis system to increase the understanding of the working of the internal combustion engine. The laser has been incorporated into systems to measure drop size, velocity and vibration to name but a few. But few laser-based systems are able to aid the study of all these phenomena with the same system.The Applied Optics Group at Rover Groups Gardon Research &Development Center have