2019_2020学年高中英语Module6AnimalsinDangerSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版必修.doc

Section Grammar定语从句课前自主预习例句体验1The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father.昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。2She is the girl who lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。3Shes the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.她就是我的班里书法最好的学生。4. This is the pilot by whom my friend was saved.这就是那位救了我朋友的飞行员。5I still remember the days when we stayed in England.我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。6This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。7This is the reason why he was absent.这就是他缺席的原因。 8As is known to us all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。9The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us.运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。10Last week, only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个都不想买。课堂合作探究语法讲座一、定语从句定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句在形式上与主句很松散，它与主句之间一般用逗号隔开。先行词：定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词就是先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词。关系词的作用有三个：一、引导定语从句；二、代替先行词；三、在定语从句中担当一定的成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等。关系副词：when, where, why等。二、关系代词的功能关系代词指代表示人或物的先行词，并在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略，但介词放在关系代词的前面时，其后的关系代词which(指物)和whom(指人)不能省略。1who，whom，that这些关系代词可以用来指人。The boy who/that is standing there is my cousin.站在那儿的那个男孩是我的表弟。Mr Li is the man (who/that/whom) you talked about just now.李先生就是你们刚才谈论过的那个人。名师点津(1)who和that引导定语从句时，不能放在介词的后面，但whom可以，且不能省略。(2)先行词既有人也有物时，只能用that引导。(3)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。若指物，可以与“the名词of which”互换；若指人，可以与“the名词of whom”互换。Help is needed for these families, whose homes were destroyed in the flood, whose effect was great.Help is needed for these families, the homes of whom were destroyed in the flood, the effect of which was great.应该给这些家庭帮助，他们的房子在洪水中被毁了，这次洪水的影响是很大的。3.which, that。(1)这两个词指物，它们在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。作动词宾语时可省略；作介词后的宾语时用which，不能用that。Children like to read books which/that have wonderful pictures.孩子们喜欢读有精美插图的书。The pen (which/that) my uncle gave me is missing.我叔叔给我的那支钢笔不见了。(2)宜用that不用which的情况。a当先行词为不定代词，或被all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, few, little, any, every, each, no, some等修饰时。He told me everything that he knew.他把他知道的一切都告诉我了。b当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。The only thing that I can do is (to) wait.我所能做的唯一的事就是等待。c先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.这是我们学校本学期放映的第三部电影了。d先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。The most important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on.应做的最重要的事就是该如何制止他继续下去。e先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the people and things that they could remember.他们讨论了他们所能记起的人和事。f当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the dress that fits me most?哪一件是最适合我的连衣裙？名师点津(1)which可以位于介词之后，that不可以。(2)which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不能。4.as引导定语从句的用法。as引导限制性定语从句常用于the same/such . as . 结构中。This is the same pen as I lost.这支钢笔和我丢的那支是一样的。(注意：指同一类的两支)He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.他是一个每个人都喜欢的如此聪明的男孩。(注意：as在定语从句中作宾语)As everyone knows, it is hard for a graduate to find a job now.It is hard for a graduate to find a job now, as everyone knows.It is hard for a graduate, as everyone knows, to find a job now.每个人都知道，现在毕业生找工作很难。三、关系副词的功能关系副词所对应的先行词多是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when，where，why在定语从句中分别充当时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。关系副词常可换成“介词which”。Is this the reason why/for which he was late for school?这是他上学迟到的理由吗？The factory where/in which my father works is in the east of the city.我父亲工作的那个工厂在这座城市东面。名师点津(1)当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, occasion(场合)等名词表示情况、方面、处境时，定语从句常用关系副词where引导。(2)表示时间、地点、原因的先行词后究竟是用关系副词还是关系代词引导定语从句，要看从句中所缺成分。Ill never forget the days that/which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的岁月。(that/which指代the days，在从句中作spent的宾语，用关系代词)Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.我永远忘不了我入团的那天。(定语从句中缺少时间状语，when相当于on which，指代on the day，用关系副词)四、介词关系代词或关系副词介词后的关系代词有which(指物)，whom(指人)和关系副词where, when。This is the girl from whom I learned the news.这就是那个女孩，从她那里我知道了此消息。(learn from从获悉)The plane in which we flew to the UK was very comfortable.我们去英国乘坐的那架飞机很舒适。(in the plane在飞机里)Youd better climb up to the top of the hill, from where you can have a good view of the whole city.你最好爬到那个山顶上，从那里你可以好好欣赏全市的美景。名师点津“介词关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词。课堂总结演练单句语法填空1Why cant you realize the part _ they have played in our life?答案：which/that2Is this factory the one _ we visited last week?答案：which/that3Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.答案：which4We saw several natives towards our party，and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses.答案：to whom5There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.答案：as6All _ can be eaten has been eaten up.答案：that7In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world.答案：whose8Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.答案：where/in which9Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.答案：about which10Was it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened?答案：which/that; that句型转换(把下面的句子变成含有定语从句的复合句)1He lives in a hotel. It is only five minutes walk from here.He lives in a hotel_.答案：which/that is only five minutes walk from here2The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works.They are known to us.The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _.答案：that are known to us3I didnt like the way. She looked at me in this way.I didnt like the way_.答案：(that/in which) she looked at me4I have seen some plants. Their flowers open at sunrise and close at sunset.I have seen some plants，_.答案：whose flowers open at sunrise and close at sunset5On the train I saw a student. I thought she was your sister.On the train I saw a student，_.答案：who I thought was your sister6Winter is the time of year. During this time the days are short and the nights are long.Winter is the time of year, _.答案：when/during which the days are short and the nights are long7He has three sons. None of them lives with him.He has three sons, _.答案：none of whom lives with him8I dont like the job. I have to do a lot of things in it.I dont like the job _.答案：in which I have to do a lot of things演练通关提升夯实基础知识单句语法填空1I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.答案：that2I visited the farm _ a lot of cows were raised.答案：where3The newlybuilt cafe, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.答案：which4Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.答案：whose5The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.答案：which6Id like to settle down in a place _ the weather is cool and everything is full of life all the year round.答案：where7She was educated at a high school, _ she went on to Beijing University.答案：after which8I bought two ball pens, none of _ writes well.答案：which9I want to use the same tools _ are used in your factory.答案：as10Well put off the picnic until next week，_ the weather may be better.答案：when单句改错1The tree was lying on the building which walls and roof were damaged._答案：whichwhose2Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids._答案：wherewhich/that3I know the reason that she looks so worried._答案：thatwhy4The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten._答案：whenthat/which5The house stands at the place that the two roads meet._答案：thatwhere6We shall visit the college where his father teaches there._答案：去掉there单句写作1他们上个月住过的旅馆离此不远。The hotel _ is not far from here.答案：where/at which they stayed last month2这是今年上演的最好的电影之一。This is one of the best films _ shown this year.答案：that have been3他们到达了一个农舍，农舍前坐着一个小男孩。They arrived at a farmhouse, _ a small boy.答案：in front of which sat4他数学考试又不及格，这使他自己很失望。He failed in the maths exam again, _.答案：which made himself very disappointed5我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。Such machines _ in our workshop are made in China.答案：as are used提升实战能力阅读理解Are African wild dogs really dogs? Whats the difference between African wild dogs and the dogs we know as pets? For one thing, African wild dogs, which live in Africa, only have four toes, while domestic (驯养的) dogs and wolves have five. But you wont want to count for yourself, because they are truly wild animals.“Wild dogs are not somebodys domestic dogs that ran away and didnt come back, although some people used to think that，” explains Dr McNutt, who studies these animals at Wild Dog Research Camp in the African country of Botswana. “They are actually Africas wolves, and just like wolves, they do not make good pets. They need to be out in the wild doing what they are supposed to dofind the food they need to survive and feed their babies.” In fact, they travel so far that researchers have to use radio collars (颈圈) to keep track of them. The collars send out radio signals that tell people where the dogs are. No two wild dogs have the same pattern of coats, so it is easy to tell them apart.African wild dogs are smart and sociable, like pet dogs. Adult dogs, male and female, are willing to take good care of young ones.Millions of domestic dogs live on the planet, but there are probably fewer than 6,000 African wild dogs left. Humans hunt them and farmers who dont want them to go after cows and sheep poison them. Humans are also destroying the wild, natural habitat (栖息地) they need to survive in. Fortunately, today more farmers are finding other ways to protect their cows and sheep from African wild dogs instead of killing the animals.1Which of the following can explain why African wild dogs are different from domestic dogs?AAfrican dogs can live longer than domestic dogs.BAfrican dogs have fewer toes than domestic dogs.CAfrican dogs are much bigger in size than domestic dogs.DAfrican dogs are much more dangerous than domestic dogs.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，非洲野狗只有四个脚趾，而家养的狗和狼有五个脚趾，由此可知B项正确。2In Dr McNutts view, African wild dogs _.Aare a kind of wolvesBcan be trained as pet dogsCactually are missing domestic dogsDgenerally are not used to living in groups答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，Dr McNutt认为，非洲野狗不是那些跑了却没有回来的家养狗，尽管有些人过去常常这么想。他们实际上是非洲的狼群，由此可知在Dr McNutt看来，非洲野狗就是一种非洲狼，故选A项。3Whats the researchers purpose of using radio collars?ATo know where African wild dogs go.BTo play games with African wild dogs.CTo tell African wild dogs apart from other dogs.DTo prevent African wild dogs from traveling too far.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In fact, they travel so far that researchers have to use radio collars (颈圈) to keep track of them.” 可知，研究人员必须使用无线电项圈来跟踪野狗。跟踪它们，就是想知道它们去哪儿，故选A项。4What suggestion does the author give in the last paragraph?AFarmers should use domestic dogs to fight against wild dogs.BAfrican wild dogs should be protected instead of being killed.CFarmers should take responsibility for feeding African wild dogs.DAfrican wild dogs should be used to protect farmers cows and sheep.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，幸运的是，今天更多的农民正在寻找其他方法来保护他们的牛羊免受非洲野狗的伤害，而不是杀死这些动物。由此可推知，我们人类应保护这些数量并不多的非洲野狗，故选B项。5Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage?AHow to keep wild dogsBHow to train domestic dogsCAn introduction to African wild dogsDDifferences between domestic dogs and wild dogs答案：C标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要对非洲野狗的现状作了介绍。分析选项A.How to keep wild dogs “如何饲养野狗”；B.How to train domestic dogs “如何驯养家养犬”；C.An introduction to African wild dogs “介绍非洲野狗”；D.Differences between domestic dogs and wild dogs “家养犬与野狗的区别”可知，最好的题目应当是C(介绍非洲野狗)，故选C项。七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Changing your life can come in small, easy steps. You can transform yourself and live a better life by making positive changes along the way. Here are some choices that will lead to your transformation.Choose to change bad habitsSome bad habits seem to stick around without us even realizing it. _1_ You can overcome them, find better alternatives, and get through your struggle to become a better you! Do it for yourself more than anything.Choose to growIts easy to get stuck in a fixed way of life. _2_ In choosing to grow, you build character, develop your strengths, become aware of what needs improvement, and turn into the wellrounded person you need to be to succeed.Choose to seek a balanced lifeWhere do you need balance? Are you all work, no play? Or the opposite? _3_ If youre spending too much time working or locked away alone, find the time for social interaction and having fun. If you havent committed to a schedule in a while, make the decision to start following one._4_This is vital to human existence. We need the loving bonds created by family members and friends. Personal relationships are key to emotional growth and social stability.Choose to live your passionWhatever your dream is, you can have it. The person you wish to be and the things you wish to achieve are within you. Make the choice to pursue those passions at whatever cost. It may mean clearing out your schedule or doing something youve never done. _5_AChoose to spend time with those you loveBChoose to organize your schedule flexiblyCMake the choice today that you wont be ruled by them.DNeither extremes will lead you to a pleasant life for very long.EHowever, with reevaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom.FIts good to change, and youve only got so many years to refresh yourself.GHowever, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it.1C上文提示“一些坏习惯似乎一直存在，我们甚至没有意识到这一点。”再根据下文提示“你可以克服它们，找到更好的选择，并通过你的奋斗成为一个更好的你！”C项“Make the choice today that you wont be ruled by them.(今天就作出选择吧，你就不会被它们所统治。)”符合语境，故选C。2E上文提示“人们很容易陷入固定的生活方式中。”再根据下文提示“在选择成长的过程中，你培养个性，发展自我潜能，意识到什么需要改进，并成为一个为了成功而全面发展的人。”E项“However, with reevaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom.(然而，随着重新评价和成长，带来了美好的自由。)”符合语境。该项中的growth与下文的grow相吻合，故选E。3D上文提示“你在哪里需要平衡？你们都在工作，不玩耍吗？或者相反？”下文提示“如果你花太多的时间工作或单独关起来，那就找时间进