沪教版高一英语第三四单元重难点解析.docx

沪教版高一英语第三四单元重难点解析重点句型1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, . you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法2. Say Hi / Hello / Thanks to sb. (for me) 问候的句型3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)5. You should not go rafting unless you know. unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if. not6. By staying at., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句7. She was so surprised that she couldnt move. 结果状语从句8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didnt take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法重点词汇1. means n. 方法；途径2. experience n. 经验3. equipment n. 设备4. successful adj. 成功的5. protect v. 保护6. handle v. 处理7. consider v. 考虑8. benefit n. 利益9. particular adj. 特别的10. effect n. 效果11. combine v. 合并12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的13. advance v. 前进14. seize v. 抓住15. struggle v. 奋斗16. fear v. & n. 害怕17. strike v. 敲打18. destroy v. 毁掉19. publish v. 出版20. naughty adj. 调皮的重点短语1. get away from 逃离2. watch / look out 注意，当心3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游4. as with 正如一样5. see off 为某人送行6. on the other hand 在另一方面7. take care of 照顾8. get close / near to 接近，凑近9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树10. as wall as 也，和一样(好)11. protectfrom 保护不受的伤害12. be surprised at 因而吃惊13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被困住14. take place 发生15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)16. be upon 临近，逼近17. hold on to 紧紧抓住18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息)19. look into 注视的内部；检查，调查20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐交际用语1. Where would you prefer going.?2. How would you like to go to.?3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !4. Well, I must be off.5. Its all right6. Im afraid.7. Come on !8. It scares me.9. Dont worry.10. First., next., then., finally.单词聚焦1. advance的用法构词：advanced adj. 高等的先进的，高深的搭配： in advance 在前头，预先，事先 in advance of 在前面；比进步；超过 on the advance (物价)在上涨【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the _ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased考查目标 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。答案与解析C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。2. before 的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。 (2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。) (3) It wasnt / didnt take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。 It wont be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。3. chance的用法搭配： by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 by chance 偶然，意外地 take a / ones chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the _are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services考查目标 chance的词义。答案与解析 C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。4. consider v. (1) 考虑 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑问词 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 认为 A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 除了consideras表认为外，还有regardas ，look onas，takeas，think ofas5. cost的用法 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的 搭配： cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)牺牲 at all costs 不惜任何代价无论如何 at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价 at the cost of 以为代价，用换来的；丧失；牺牲【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would _ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste考查目标 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。答案与解析 C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的名词而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。6. effect n. 效果；作用have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 无效 (2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行 比较 affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.7. experience的用法构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的搭配: by experience 凭经验；从经验中 from experience 凭经验；从经验中 gain experience in 获得经验 be experienced in 某方面有经验友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。【考例】 (2005山西模拟) _teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents考查目标 experience的意思。答案与解析 C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。8. fear n. & vt. (1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词) His face was growing pale with fear. 忧虑；担心的事(可数) There is no reason for your fears. for fear of 由于怕，以防 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train. for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防 She worried for fear that the child would be hurt. in fear of 害怕；担心 The thief was in fear of the police. (2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron. Cats fear big dogs. 恐惧；害怕，接to do Dont fear to tell the truth. 恐怕；担心，接从句 She feared that she might not find him in his room.构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的搭配： be in fear (of) (为而)提心吊胆 for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是 for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生) have a fear that-clause 担心怕(发生某事) with fear 吓得，怕得 fear (vi.) for. 担心忧虑【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, _ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search考查目标 fear构成的短语的用法和意思。答案与解析C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是。担心”。9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事 (1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩 I only did it for fun. (2) make fun of 开的玩笑；取笑 It is wrong to make fun of a cripple. 比较 (1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑 Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble. (2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑10. means n. 手段；办法 (1) by means of 用；依靠 The water may be carried by means of a pipe. (2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地 Try by all / every means to persuade him to come. (3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by _ of evening job. A. ways B. offers C. means Dhelps考查目标 by means of 短语的意思。答案与解析 C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的 the normal temperature, normal behavior (1) regular 规则的；有规律的 keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息 (2) common普通的；常见的 Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的 have a common interest 有着共同爱好 (3) usual 惯常的；惯例的 Its usual with him to go to the office on foot. (4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress12. once的用法 搭配： all at once 突然；同时 at once 立刻，马上；同时 (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或 for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回 more than once 不止一次，多次 not once 一次也不 once again / more再一次once and again一再，再三 once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔 once too often又(多了)一次 once upon a time从前【考例】(2004上海) _ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless考查目标 连词once的用法和词义。答案与解析 B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。13. prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢 (1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do.rather than do = would rather do . than do. 宁愿而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.14. protect的用法 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止遭受；使免于，保护使不受【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful _. A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection C. self-respect D. self-service考查目标 protect及其派生词的词义。答案与解析B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。15. separate的用法 构词：separation n. U分开，分离 搭配： separate A from B 把A和B分开 A is separated from B by A和B为所分开阻隔 separate sth (up) into 把分成(几分)辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed考查目标 动词separate的词义。答案与解析 A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表示“被隔开；被分隔”。牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)1. The teacher improved the students English by _ of dictation and recitation. (means)2. All the goods _me almost half a million dollars. (cost)3. We must _ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)4. Every baby should be _ after he is horn. (separated)5. None of them _ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in _. (advance)精典题例1. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002春上海) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut【解析】选C 本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。2. Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing _ carried out. A. are still being B. have already been C. are always D. will soon be【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。”3. - When are you leaving? - My plane _ at 10:45.A. takes off B. took off C. is about to take off D. will take off【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。4. - Excuse me, what time is it now? - Sorry, my watch _. It _ at the shop. A. isnt