职称英语等级考试卫生AB级模拟试题(五).pdf

本试题摘取于考试吧 职称英语等级考试卫生职称英语等级考试卫生 AB 级模拟试题级模拟试题 五五 一 单选题 词汇选项 第 1 15 题 每题 1 分 共 15 分 下面共有 l5 个句子 每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语 划有底横线 请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语 1 第一部分 词汇选择 第 1 15 题 每题 1 分 共 15 分 下面共有 15 句子 每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线 请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择 一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语 答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上 Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960 A published B challenged C acclaimed D guided 标准答案 c 2 This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction because so many are being killed for their fur A drying up B dying out C being reported D being transplanted 标准答案 b 3 本试题摘取于考试吧 The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase A encouraged B enforced C expected D entitled 标准答案 d 4 I feel regret about what s happened A sorry B disappointed C shameful D disheartened 标准答案 a 5 Evidence exists that hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits A initiated B cured C complicated D lessened 标准答案 d 6 The conclusion can be deduced from the promises A allowed B derived 本试题摘取于考试吧 C permitted D come 标准答案 b 7 Since the Great Depression the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices A slight B surprising C sudden D harmfu 标准答案 d 8 The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician A doctor B professor C physicist D resident 标准答案 a 9 Long before the concert began big crowds of pop fans had assembled in the stadium A concentrated B resembled C gathered D dispersed 本试题摘取于考试吧 标准答案 c 10 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune A overtake B confront C collect D demonstrate 标准答案 c 11 Medicine depends on other fields for basic information particularly some of their specialized branches A conventionally B obviously C especially D inevitably 标准答案 c 12 If wool 羊毛 is put into hot water it tends to shrink A smell B fade C harden D contract 标准答案 d 本试题摘取于考试吧 13 They have a far better yield than any other farm for miles around A expectation B soil C climate D harvest 标准答案 d 14 They are endeavoring to change society as a whole A trying B working C doing D making 标准答案 c 15 The other women seemed contented and they even exhibited their bellies 腹部 with pride A demonstrated B uncovered C spread D showed 标准答案 d 二 匹配题 16 本试题摘取于考试吧 第二部分 阅读判断 每题 1 分 共七分 阅读下面这篇短文 短文后列出了七个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断 如果该句提供 的是正确信息 请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑 如果该句提供的是错误信息 请在答题卡上把 B 涂黑 如果该句的 信息文章中没有提及 请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑 First self contained heart implanted A patient on the brink of death has receive has received the world s first self contained artificial heart a battery powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday The hospital said the patient was awake and responsive Tuesday and resting comfortably It refused personal details The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person s life by only a month But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient s quality of life The new pump called AbioCor is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery out side the body The most famous of those the Jarvec 7 used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of z washing mashing machine I think it s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development said Dr David Fadon president of the American Heart Association However he said the dream of an implantable permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality This is obviously an experimental device whose long term success has to be demonstrated Only about half of the 4 200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year and most of the rest died Some doctors including Robert Higgins chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts A donor hear in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years he said Its going to be hard to replace that with a machine The AbioCor has a 2 pound pumping unit and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body s needs It is powered by a small battery pack worn out side the body that transmits current through the skin 练习 1 The pump of the first implanted self contained heart was made of titanium and plastic A Right 本试题摘取于考试吧 B Wrong C Not mentioned 2 The patient s life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3 There is no difference in structure between the self contained heart and the mechanical heart A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 标准答案 A B B 17 4 The American Heart Association recommended widely using the self contained heart A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5 Dr David Faxon believed that the implantable permanent artificial heart will certainly be developed in the future A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6 Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year A Right 本试题摘取于考试吧 B Wrong C Not mentioned 7 Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 标准答案 B B A A 18 第三部分 概括大意与完成句子 每题 1 分 共 8 分 阅读下面这篇短文 短文后有 2 项测试任务 1 1 4 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2 5 段每段 选择 1 个正确的小标题 2 第 5 8 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项 分别完成每个句子 请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上 Smoke gets in your mind 1 Lung cancer hypertension heart disease birth defects we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking But add to that list a frightening new concern Mental illness According to some controvesial new findings if smoking does not kill you it may quite literally drive you to despair 2 The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and smoothe anxiety But the short term feel good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders panic attacks and depression perhaps even schizophrenia 3 Cigarettes and mental illness have always tened to together An estimated 1 25 billion people smoke worldwide Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke and up to 88 precent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness 4 But the big question is why The usual story is that the illness comes first Mentally ill people take up smoking or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress Even when smoking seems to start before the illness most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the desire to light up But perhaps something more sinister 本试题摘取于考试吧 5 A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety we know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness says Naomi Breslau director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit 6 Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility The hint came from studies published in 1998 which followed a group of just over 1 000 young adults for a five year period The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five year period Smoking it seems could pre date illness 7 At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were sings that smoking perhaps the nicotine itself could somehow affect the brain and cause depression 8 One of these larger studies was led by Goodman a paediatrician She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year The first group of 8704 adolescents were not depressed and might or might not have been smokers while the second group of 6947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour not the depression itself What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non smoking peers Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens Current cigarette use is however a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms 9 Breslau too finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer term panic disorder than non smokers It s a hard message to get across because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit not when they smoke But Breslau says that this is a short lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that in general smokers have higher anxiety levels than non smokers or ex smokers 1 Paragraph 3 2 Paragraph 4 3 Paragraph 6 4 Paragraph 8 A Doubt about the usual belief 本试题摘取于考试吧 B Researcher s opinions divided C Positive effects of smoking as advertised D close association between depression and smoking E Breslau s conclusion supported by another larger study F Effect of smoking on mental health initially proved 标准答案 D A F E 19 5 Nowadays many doctors have become aware that smoking is not only a Hazard to people s physical health 6 The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety 7 Breslau s study than Goodman s but lasted longer 8 To contradict Breslau s conclusion many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke A have been proved to be misleading B but to their mental health as well C taking up smoking D involved fewer people E they started to smoke at an early age F But their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking 标准答案 B A D F 20 第四部分 阅读理解 每题 3 分 共 45 分 下面有 3 篇短文 每篇短文后有 5 道题 每道题后面有 4 个选项 请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其 后面的问题 从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上 第一篇 本试题摘取于考试吧 Global cancer rates to rise 50 by 2020 The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50 by the year 2020 But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action The World Cancer Report released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC part of the World Health Organization shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as affluent ones Overall cancer was responsible for 12 of all heaths in 2000 But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000 and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020 Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time matching its effect in industrialized countries says researcher Paul Kleihues MD director of IARA in a news release Once considered a Western disease the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world s cancer burden in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths already occurs in developing countries The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less developed ones However the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries where 80 of cancer patients already have late stage incurable tumors at the time of diagnosis Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco occupational carcinogens and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle As less developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous they tend to adopt the high fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West which increase cancer rates 练习 1 According to a new report healthier lifestyles and public health action could help reduce about A 50 of new cancers B 33 of new cancers C 12 of new cancers D 80 of new cancers 本试题摘取于考试吧 2 Which of the following statements in NOT correct a There were 10 million cancer patients worldwide in 2000 b Cancer accounted for 12 of all deaths in 2000 c Cancer is the cause of over 25 of all deaths in many countries d Global cancer rates are expected to rise 50 by 2020 3 According to the passage cancer was once considered a an incurable disease b a mysterious disease c a western disease d a world disease 标准答案 B A C 21 4 The risk of dying from cancer in developed countries is a double that in developing countries b much higher than that in developing countries c the same as that in developing countries d much lower than that in developing countries 5 All the following factors may increase cancer rates EXCEPT a occupational carcinogens b lack of access to tobacco c unhealthy habits d aging populations 标准答案 D A 本试题摘取于考试吧 22 第二篇 New attempts to eradicate AIDS virus A high profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise But researchers won t know for a year or more whether it will work scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections This is a study that s in progress says Ho head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center New York The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease within 90 days of their infections They ve been treated for up to 18 months Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients And in the latest development scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there Ho says Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent Ho says Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses at least from known reservoirs throughout the body in two to three years But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back On Wednesday Ho said he wouldn t ask any patient to consider that step before 2 1 2 years of treatment And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early aggressive treatment outside of trials No one knows the long term risks But other scientists are looking at similar experiments A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California San Diego Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more he says 练习 1 According to the passage the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus A continues to be hopeful B will be successful in a year 本试题摘取于考试吧 C will be successful in future D will stop being hopeful 2 Which is NOT true about the study A There are 20 patients involved in the study B The patients have used several anti HIV drugs C The patients have been treated for up to 18 months D 16 patients did not go through the whole study 3 What do Ho s words Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent mean A AIDS virus can exist in the blood without being detected B AIDS virus is undetectable in the blood C No AIDS virus can be detected in the blood D No virus found in the blood means no AIDS 标准答案 A D A 23 4 How could we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses A By using up all the drugs at once B By waiting for the virus to die slowly C By asking the patients feeling about the disease D By stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back 5 Other scientists are looking at experiments that are similar in that they are A costly B economical C traditional D bold 本试题摘取于考试吧 标准答案 D D 24 第三篇 DNA fingerprinting DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things In mammals the stands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes With the exception of identical siblings as in identical twins the complete DNA of each individual is unique DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair blood or saliva The sample is then segmented using enzymes and the segments are arranged by size The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X ray film where they form a pattern of black bars the DNA fingerprint If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match the two samples probably came from the same person DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985 Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs The first criminal conviction base on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1998 In criminal investigations DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to th