高三复习语法教学设计.doc

教案题目：高三英语语法复习教案科目：英语一、教学内容：高三英语第十单元的语法是复习动词的时态和语态主要是通过举例，说明，对比，练习使动词的时态和语态简单易懂，明白容易掌握。每年高考的单选题测试时态和语态的题目所占的比重较大，它们都不同程度地测试了时态和被动语态的基本问题。因此，应牢记各种时态的构成以及各种时态所反映出的被动语态的构成。时态通过be/do表现出来，被动语态由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。要特别注意在非谓语动词中考查被动语态的情况以及时态和语态的综合考查。二、教学目标 1、知识目标 ( Knowledge objectives ) 动词的时态和语态2、能力目标 ( ability objectives )帮助学生掌握动词的时态和语态三、教学难重点 ( Teaching important and difficult points )： 1、帮助学生了解动词的时态和语态 2、帮助学生掌握动词的时态和语态3、怎样使用动词的时态和语态四、教法选择 （Teaching methods）：以任务型教学活动为主，兼顾情景和视听教学法。根据本课特点确定采用这种教法来有效组织课堂教学，这样切实体现了学生的主体地位，能充分调动学生学习的积极性和主动性。同时又能面向全体学生，通过设置任务的难易使不同的学生都有所得，对学习有困难的又及时给予帮助。提高学生的学习兴趣。五、教学过程（ Teaching procedures）: (一)动词时态与用法1一般现在时一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示：(1)表示现状、性质、状态；表示经常或习惯性的动作，且常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如：John sometimes gets up very late.(2)表示客观事实或普遍现象，如：Water boils at 100.(3)用于条件、时间等状语从句中，例如由if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once引导的条件从句，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，如：If it rains tomorrow, well put off the basketball match.(4)少数动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, begin等有时也用一般现在时代替一般将来时。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，如：School begins on September 1.(5)当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，用一般现在时表示将来时，如：Its Sunday tomorrow, you know.在here和there引导的句子中，用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：Look, here comes your boyfriend.2一般将来时一般将来时表示单纯的将来事实。(1)表示即将要发生的动作或状态。Where is the telephone book?I will get it for you. (3)常用进行时表将来的动词有come, go, fly, leave, arrive等，表示不易改变的动作。3现在进行时表示此时此刻或现阶段进行的动作。它具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示：(1)说话时发生或进行着的动作。I am writing a letter now.(2)现阶段正在进行的动作。He is preparing for the exam.(3)go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take off等可用进行时态代替将来时态，如：We are leaving on Friday.(4)副词always, constantly, forever, repeatedly等与进行时连用表示一种感情色彩。You are always saying that sort of things.4过去完成时过去完成时指：过去的过去。具体类型有：(1)第一种类型是：过去完成时before/by the time/when一般过去时。第二种类型是：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely hadSPPwhen/than/before一般过去时。第三种类型是：I had thought/expected/meant/wanted.表示过去未曾实现的希望或计划。第四种类型是：动作发生的顺序是：过去的过去。5过去将来时(1)was/were going to do sth.表示过去将来，或表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。Where is the bus？ I asked myself. I was going to be late and the manager wasnt going to be pleased.(2)come, go, leave, arrive等用过去进行时表示过去将来时含义，如：Mr. Smith telephoned home to tell his wife that John was coming for supper.(3)was/were to do sth.表示过去将来，如：A knock on the door made him look up. He was to go on the stage in the second scene.6现在完成时现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或对现在造成的结果，以及表示过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。具体可表示：持续(多使用持续性动词，短暂性动词用否定形式)I have studied English for ten years.I havent seen you for ages.另外，还应注意以下几点：(1)现在完成时除可以和for, since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months, weeks), in recent years。如：In recent years a number of communication satellites have been put into the orbit of the earth.(2)现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：It is/has been一段时间since从句That/This/It is the first time that.That/This/It is the only.That/This/It is the best/finest/most interesting, etc.例如：This is the first time that I have heard her sing.7过去进行时过去进行时是比较重要的时态，它是用来表示在过去特定的某一时刻正在发生的事情，或者过去某一段时间内持续发生的事情。主要从点和段上来强调动作的过去进行。表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，用一般过去时态，如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute，如：The moment he came in, he hurried to tell me what had happened to her.用于委婉语气或虚拟语气等特定的结构中。(1)一般过去时态的常用句型，如：I forgot to tell you I had been there before.I didnt recognize her.(2)注意：一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别时间上的差异凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如：含有ago, last year, just now等。I received the letter yesterday.(right)I have received the letter yesterday.(wrong)结果上的差异现在完成时强调的是对现在的影响或结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时态强调的是动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。(二)动词的被动语态动词的语态考核点集中在被动语态的含义及其用法上，掌握被动语态要注意以下几点：1被动语态的构成方式：be过去分词，也常使用get/become过去分词表示结果。应特别注意完成时、进行时、将来时的被动语态的应用。The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。How long has the machine been used?这机器使用有多久了？注意： beunder/in等介词名词结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。如：The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论。The telephone is in use (is being used) now.这部电话正在使用中。2主动形式表示被动意义(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等系动词后面接形容词时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink等表示某种性质时且带状语修饰语时；当动词表示开始、结束、关、停、转、启动等意义时，如：The fish smells good.鱼闻起来很香。These cups clean easily.这些杯子很容易洗。下面的短语经常使用主动语态：come out, come into being, go off, run out, give out, give in。(2)want, require, need, worth后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，如：These flowers want/require/need watering.这些花需要浇水。These books are worth reading.这些书值得读。(被读)(3)在beadj.to do中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。如：He isnt easy to get along with.3被动形式表示主动意义be seated, be hidden, be lost, be drunk, be dressed, be devoted, be determined, be compared等表状态。He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)他坐在凳子上。She was lost in the woods.她在森林里迷路了。注意：主语从句由主动形式变成被动形式，如：He says that he has been there three times.It is said that he has been there three times.He is said to have been there three times.常见的结构有：It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.有人相信被动语态与系表结构的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或所处的状态，如：The book was written by a young writer.(被动语态)The book is well written.(系表结构)(三)Homework1 Over the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.A. had decreased B. decreasedC. has been decreasing D. is decreasing2Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry. _.A. Its repaired B. It has been repairedC. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired3Ann is in hospital.Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her.A. didnt; am going to B. dont; wouldC. dont; will D. didnt; will4 My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A. live B. livedC. were living D. will live5 Daniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A. are enjoying B. are to enjoyC. will enjoy D. will be enjoying1C。考查动词的时态。从前面的Over the past decades可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在并将持续下去。2C。考查动词的时态与语态。从答话中的Sorry可知电脑不能用了，正在维修中，且电脑与repair之间为动宾关系，因此应该使用现在进行时的被动语态。3D。考查动词的时态。从对话内容可知，说话人在说话前不知道Ann在住院，因此第一空应该使用一般过去时。去医院看她是临时做出的决定或安排，因此，第二空使用will。be going to则表示在说话前已经安排好要做某事，这与对话矛盾，故选项A错误。4A。考查时态。由第二句我的父母生于香港，且迄今为止从未在他处居住过可知，他们一直