高中英语典型错误对比例析.doc

本资料来源于七彩教育网高中英语典型错误对比例析1. 这本书我已读了三遍。误：Ive read the book the third time.正：Ive read the book a third time.析：要表示数量或序数的增加, 在序数词前用不定冠词。又如：He ate a second pear. 他又吃了一个梨。2. 他在公共汽车后面追，并追上了。误：He ran after the bus, and could catch it.正：He ran after the bus, and was able to catch it.析：表示过去特定情况下的能力，可用 was (were) able to 而不能用 could， 不过这种差异在否定句中便不存在了。 如：He ran after the bus but wasnt able to couldnt catch it.3. 我正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了。误：I was about to going to bed when the telephone rang.正：I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.析：be about to do sth 是习语，其意为“正要做某事”，此处的about(有的词典认为是形容词)之后通常应接不定式，不接 to doing sth。3. 他接受过良好的教育。误：He accepted a good education.正：He received a good education.析：虽然在通常情况下，accept=接受，receive=收到，但并不是说汉语中所有的“接受”都可用 accept 来对译。4. 他做这事是偶然的，还是故意的?误：Did he do it on accident or by purpose?正：Did he do it by accident or on purpose?析：by accident 是习语，表示“偶然地”；on purpose 也是习语，表示“故意地”，注意两者介词的搭配不能混淆。5. 你怎么解释事故的原因?误：How can you account the accident?正：How can you account for the accident?析：account 用作动词时，表示“认为”，是及物动词；表示“解释”“说明”等，是不及物动词，若需后接宾语，通常借助介词 for。6. 不要杞人忧天。误：Dont across the bridge until you come to it.正：Dont cross the bridge until you come to it.正：Dont walk across the bridge until you come to it.析：across 是介词或副词(不是动词)，cross 是动词。7. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。误：If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.正：If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.析：advertise for sth (sb) 意为“登广告征求或寻找某物或某人”(此时 advertise 是不及物动词)；若要表示“为登广告”或“登广告宣传”，advertise 是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。8. 他建议我同他们一起去。误：He advised me going with them. 正：He advised me to go with them. 析：advise(建议)之后不能用不定式作宾语，但可接不定式的复合结构作宾语。注意这类句型的被动语态：You would be well advised to stay indoors. 你最好呆在家里。9. 气候变化会影响你的健康。误：The change in climate will effect your health.正：The change in climate will affect your health.析：affect 和 effect 两者都可以表示“影响”，但用作此义时，affect 是动词，而 effect 是名词。虽然 effect有时也用作动词，但它不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”“产生”等。10. 这些方法适用于英语学习。误：These methods apply to learn English. 误：These methods apply for learning English. 正：These methods apply to learning English. 析：apply 表示“适用”，通常为不及物动词，要表示“适用于”，通常用介词 to，不用 for。另外，因 to 是介词，所以其后接动词时用动名词。11. 如果你能告诉我一些情况，我将十分感激。误：Id appreciate very much if you would tell me something about it.正：Id appreciate it very much if you would tell me something about it.析：appreciate(感激)是及物动词，其后不能没有宾语。为方便记忆，可将I would appreciate it if.视为一个固定句型。12. 他安排我去机场迎接客人。误：He arranged me to meet the guests at the airport.正：He arranged for me to meet the guests at the airport.析：arrange(安排)后可接不定式作宾语，但习惯上却不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，遇此情况可在 arrange 后加介词 for(如上面的正句)或换成从句。如：He arranged that I (should) meet the guests at the airport.13. 小孩喜欢像糖果和玩具之类的东西。误：Children like such things like candy and toys.正：Children like such things as candy and toys.析：such. as 是固定搭配，不要受汉语影响将 as 换成like之类的词。14. 昨天早上我的朋友来看我时，我还在睡大觉。误：I was very asleep when my friend came to see me yesterday morning.正：I was fast sound asleep when my friend came to see me yesterday morning.析：要表示“睡得很熟”，asleep 习惯上不能用 very 修饰，而用 fast或 sound 来修饰。15. 他不为金钱和美女所动。误：He had no attraction for money and women.正：Money and women had no attraction for him.析：A has holds attraction for B这一结构表示的是“对B来说，A具有吸引力”，也就是说“A对B有吸引力或诱惑力”，即B喜欢A，而不是其相反。又如：Television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没什么吸引力。16. 她所谓生病只不过是避免见他的花招而已。误：Her illness is merely a device to avoid to see him. 正：Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him. 析：avoid后接动词时要用动名词，不能用不定式。又如：It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。17. 他们在机场检查了所有行李。误：They examined all baggages at the airport. 正：They examined all baggage at the airport. 析：baggage 主要用于美国英语，英国英语中通常用luggage。两者都是“行李”的统称，不具体指一件行李，因此不可数，没有复数形式，也不与不定冠词或数词连用。18. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。误：He knew she was crying because what he had said.正：He knew she was crying because of what he had said.析：一般说来，because 后接从句，because of后接名词或代词。但是由于 what he had said实质上相当于名词(the thing that he had said)，所以其前应用 because of。顺便补充一句，一般说的 because 后接从句，通常是指没有引导词的句子，因为 because 已是从属连词，本身已是引导原因状语从句的引导词。19. 为了减肥，除正餐之外最好不要吃零食。误：In order to lose weight, youd not eat anything among meals. 正：In order to lose weight, youd not eat anything between meals. 析：原则上说，between 用于两者，among 用于三者或三者以上。但若表示三者当中每两者之间的关系时，要用between，而不用among。20. 听到这个好消息，孩子们都大笑起来。误：Hearing the good news, the children burst into laughing. 正：Hearing the good news, the children burst into laughter.正：Hearing the good news, the children burst out laughing.析：burst into 和 burst out 都可表示“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”，但前者通常后接名词，后者通常后接动名词。21. 难怪他们遇到那么大的麻烦。误：No wonder did they have so much trouble.正：No wonder (that) they had so much trouble.析：no wonder 后接 that 从句时(难怪，并不奇怪)，其后的句子不用倒装。又如：No wonder (that) she didnt like it. 难怪她不喜欢这东西。注：该结构为 Its no wonder that.之省略，其中的 no 也可用 little, small 等代之，如：Small wonder that he was so tired. 难怪他那么累。Its no wonder you cant sleep when you eat so much. 你吃得太饱，自然睡不着。22. 很多人本来可以获救的却死了。误：A lot of men died who could be saved.正：A lot of men died who could have been saved.析：对过去情况进行推测，要在情态动词后接完成式，而不能接一般式。有时含有责备或后悔之意。又如：You could might have made greater progress. 你的进步本来可以更大一些的。23. 你最好带些钱，以防万一。误：Youd better carry some money for case.正：Youd better carry some money in case.析：in case 通常用作连词，用以引导状语从句，但有时也可单独使用，起副词作用，意为“以防万一”，不过这种用法常可与其连词用法转换，如上面一句也可说成 Youd better carry some money in case you need it. 注意：for case不合英语表达习惯。24. 你最好不要让老板逮住你上班睡觉。误：Youd better not let the boss catch you to sleep at work.正：Youd better not let the boss catch you sleeping at work.析：表示意外地碰上某人在做某事，用 catch sb doing sth。25. 这部照相机不够好，我想换一部。误：The camera isnt good enough; I want to change another.正：The camera isnt good enough; I want to change it (for another).析：这里说的“换一部”，其实是指用一部照相机去换另一部照相机，所以用 change sth for sth else这一句型。又如：You had better change that shirt for a large one. 你最好把那件衬衣去换件大号的。26. 我们写信祝贺她当选为劳模。误：We wrote to congratulate her to be chosen as a modern worker.正：We wrote to congratulate her on being chosen as a modern worker.析：congratulate(祝贺)不接不定式的复合结构作宾语。记住常用句型 congratulate sb on upon (doing) sth。27. 据说新铁路正在修建当中。误：Its said that the new railway is under the construction. 正：Its said that the new railway is under construction. 析：under construction 是习语，意为“在建设中”“在兴建中”，其中不用冠词。类似地还有：under discussion 在讨论中 / under fire 在炮火中 / under examination 在检查(调查)中 / under consideration 在考虑中 / under repair 在修理中 / under medical treatment 在治疗中 / under attack 受到袭击 / under study 在研究中 / under review 在检查中。28. 我怎样与你联系? 误：How can contact with you?正：How can contact you?析：contact 是及物动词，其意为“与联系”，不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注：contact的宾语除了是人外，也可以是地点，如：I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他办公室联系了。29. 如果你感到方便的话，我就来。误：Ill come if you are convenient.正：Ill come if it is convenient for to you.析：convenient 的实际意思是“使人感到方便的”， 而不是“感觉到方便的”，所以不要按汉语意思将 be convenient的主语用“人”充当。比较：Railway is convenient. 铁路方便。Traveling is convenient for people, where there are railways. 哪里有铁路，哪里的人旅行就方便。30. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。误：The church was dated back to dated from 1176.正：The church dates back to dates from 1176.析：date back to 或 date from 两者意义相同，均指“自某时起存在至今”(=have existed since)，两者均不能用于被动语态。顺使说一句，这类句子通常用一般现在时，而不用一般过去时，除非所谈论的主体现在已不复存在。如：The church, which dated back to the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.(那座教堂是13世纪建成的,两年前在一次地震中被毁了)。31令我们感到高兴的是，他一天天地好了起来。误：To our delight, he was getting better day after day.正：To our delight, he was getting better day by day.析：比较 day by day 和 day after day：两者均可表示“一天天地”，但含义和用法均有区别：day by day含有逐渐（gradually）转变的意思，在句中主要用作状语；day after day暗示时间之长久（for many many days），在句中可用作状语，也可用作主语或宾语。比较：Day after day went by, and still no message arrived. 一天天过去了，还是一直没有消息。Things are getting worse day by day. 情况一天天变糟。32我们都指望他明天能来。误：We all depend you to come tomorrow.正：We all depend on you to come tomorrow.正：We all depend on you coming tomorrow.正：We all depend on your coming tomorrow.析：depend不能跟不定式的复合结构作宾语，因为它是不及物动词，后接宾语时，必须用depend on upon。注：depend on 后可以跟不定式的复合结构，并且也可接动名词的复合结构。另外，此句也可用从句改写：We all depend on it that he will come tomorrow.33. 这本词典是供外国学生用的。误：The dictionary is designing for foreign students. 正：The dictionary is designed for foreign students. 析：design用作动词除表示“设计”外，还可表示“计划”“打算”等，如：His father designed him for a lawyer. 他父亲打算要他当律师。但是，此用法通常用于被动形式，即用于 be designed for sb (sth), be designed to do sth, be designed as sth 等。如：The weekend party was designed to bring the two old men together. 这次周末聚会的用意是要使两位老人见面。The room was designed as the childrens playroom. 这个房间计划用作儿童游戏室。34我不同意我们那么早就出发。误：I disagree that we should start so early.正：I dont agree that we should start so early.析：与“agree+that从句”不一样，disagree（不同意）后不接 that 从句。顺便说一句，要表示同意做某事，可说 agree to do sth，但要表示不同意做某事，不能说disagree to do sth，可根据情况改为 not agree to do sth或refuse to do sth等。35. 我们对现金付款给予九折优惠。误：We give (a) 90% discount for cash.正：We give (a) 10% discount for cash.析：discount（折扣）的实际意思是从某物的价格中扣去的数目，而不是扣除某个数目后剩下的数目，即 discount amount of money taken off the cost of sth。36许多年轻人梦想出国。误：A great many young people dream to go abroad.正：A great many young people dream of going abroad.析：动词 dream（梦见，梦想）后不能接不定式，若语义上需要这类结构，通常用 of doing sth。注意此用法的否定式：Little did I dream of succeeding so well. 我做梦也没想到会这样成功。37这个女人不很聪明，很容易受骗。误：The woman is not very clever and easy to be cheated.正：The woman is not very clever and easy to cheat.析：在“be easy (difficult) +不定式”这类结构中，句子主语通常应是 it（如说：It is easy to cheat the woman.），通常不能是指人或物的名词。但有时也可以用指人或指物的名词作主语，注意此时该主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，且此时该不定式要用主动式表示被动意义（不直接用被动式）。又如：The question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。（不能用 to be answered）38这条消息对她没有一点影响。误：The news did not effect her at all.正：The news did not affect her at all.正：The news had no effect on her at all.析：effect 和affect 均可表示“影响”，但前者是名词，后者是动词。两者的关系大致为 affecthave an effect on，如：To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。注：effect 也可用作动词，但不表示“影响”，而是表示“引起”“产生”或“实现”“达到”等。39我泼了些鸡蛋在衣服上。误：I spilled some eggs on the dress. 正：I spilled some egg on the dress. 析：有的学生认为，egg(鸡蛋)只用作可数名词，其实那是误解。egg 通常是可数的，其意是指一个个可以数的 egg，但是当它敲碎后，我们见到蛋壳内的鸡蛋，便是一种物质了，也就不可数了。顺便补充一点：作为食物的 egg，可能是可数的也可能是不可数的，其区别依然是看它是否能实实在在地被“数”。40我拿了别人的雨伞。误：Ive taken somebodys else umbrella. 正：Ive taken somebody elses umbrella. 析：若语义上需要所有格，该所有格通常加在 else 上。41她不喜欢她丈夫开快车。误：She didnt enjoy when her husband drove fast.正：She didnt enjoy it when her husband drove fast.析：enjoy(喜欢)在现代英语中除极个别的口语用法外, 通常只用作及物动词，其后应跟有宾语。上句中 it 用作 enjoy的宾语，其后的 when 是时间状语从句，而不是宾语从句。42这就等于说他是个骗子。误：This is equal to say that hes a cheat.正：This is equal to saying that hes a cheat.析：be equal to 的意思是“等于”“能胜任”“能应付”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号。又如：Her sight is equal to threading a needle without glasses. 她的视力很好，能不戴眼镜穿针引线。43他给自行车装了前灯。误：He equipped a head light on his bike.正：He equipped his bike with a head light. 析：equip(装备)通常要以被装备的对象作宾语, 不能以装备物作宾语，其句型通常为“equip装备对象with装备物”(注意相应的被动形式)。又如：We are going to equip the room with air-conditioning. 我们打算给这个房间装上空调。注意不说：Were going to equip air-conditioning in the room.44他设法躲避惩罚。误：He tried to escape from punishment.正：He tried to escape punishment.析：escape 表示逃避或躲避不愉快的事(如危险，处罚，不幸，灾 难等)，是及物动词，其后无需用介词。但若是表示从某体场所逃走、从管制或监禁中逃走、液体或气 体从管中漏出等，均为 不及物动词，可与介词 from 连用。 如：Some gas is escaping from the pipe. 煤气管在漏气。A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一只狮子从笼子里逃 走了。比较：He escaped prison. 他躲避了监禁。(本该入狱但逃避了，即逃避了不愉快的事，及物) He escaped from prison. 他越狱了。(已经入狱但逃走了，即从管制或监禁中逃走，不及物)45他除了身体不舒服外，每天都上图书馆。误：He goes to the library every day except that he is not well.正：He goes to the library every day except when he is not well.析：except that和 except when 均可后接句子，但两者在语义上有差别：即后者的 when含有“当时候”的意思，前者则没有这层意思。比较：I know nothing about him except that he is Paris. 我只知道他是巴黎人，其他的就什么都不知道了。He never came except when he was in trouble. 除了(当他)遇到麻烦(的时候)以外，他从不来。46法官非常注意这一情况，即孩子在家里并不快乐。误：The judge paid a lot of attention to that the child was unhappy at home正：The judge paid a lot of attention to the fact that the child was unhappy at home析：按英语习惯，除极个别介词(如 except, but 等)外，一般的介词之后均不能直接跟 that 从句。如语义上需要接这类从句，则通常使用 the fact that 这一结构。注：在这类句型中，the fact 用 作前面介词的宾语，其后 that从句为修饰 the fact 的同位语从句，用以说明 the fact 的具体内容。47我们了解他的性格。误：We are familiar to his character.正：We are familiar with his character.析：familiar(熟悉的)有以下两类用法须注意：一是表示某人熟悉某事物，此时通常只用作表语，且在其后连用介词 with； 二是表示某事物为某人所熟悉，此时可用作表语或定语，其后通常连用介词 to。比较：We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。48到目前为止，这工作很容易，但情况可能有变化。误：So far the work is easy but things may change. 正：So far the work has been easy but things may change. 析：so far有两个主要意思：一是表示“到目前为止”，强调的是从过去持续到现在的一段时间，所以通常与现在完成时连用；另一个意思是表示“到这种程度或范围”，此时可根据情况选用时态，如：I can only help him so far. 我只能帮他到这种程度。49. 我想笑，但是不敢笑。误：I felt like to laugh, but I didnt dare. 正：I felt like laughing, but I didnt dare. 析：feel like 中的 like 不是动词，是介词，所以其后只能接名词或动名词，不能接不定式。feel like 的主要用法有“想要”“摸起来像”“(感到)像是”，如： It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。50. 每周推出数以百计的新唱片，但(其中)没有几张能进入每周流行榜。误：Hundreds of new records are produced each week but a few (of them) get into the charts. 正：Hundreds of new records are produced each week but few (of them) get into the charts. 析：few 和 a few均表示复数意义，few 表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。比较：His theory is very difficult, and few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥，没有几个人能懂。His theory is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥，但是有些人懂。51. 劳驾，能借个火吗?误：Can you give me a fire, please? 正：Can you give me a light, please? 析：fire 表示“火”，主要指燃烧的火； 表示火柴或打火机等的 “火”，英语用 light。52. 据说他对她是一见钟情。误：Its said that he fell in love with her at the first time he saw her.正：Its said that he fell in love with her the first time he saw her.析：the first time(第一次)在此用作连词，引导时间状语从句。此句也可改为：He fell in love with her when he saw her for the first time.53. 起初我还以为他很腼腆，后来我才发觉他是不爱理人。误：First I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not interested in other people.正：At first I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not interested in other people.析：比较 first 与 at first：前者意为“先”，用来说明顺序，暗示接下去还有其它动作或事件要发生，因此其后往往接 有(或暗示有)then, next, last 等词；而后者意为“起初”“开始”，它强调的是前后对照，暗示接下去的动作与前面的动作有所不同甚至相反，因此常有 but, afterwards, soon, at last等相呼应。比较：First my car broke down, then I lost my key: it never rains but it pours! 先是我的汽车出了故障，接着又丢了钥匙，真是祸不单行! / At first things went well, but later on we ran into trouble. 起初事情进展得很顺利，但后来我们遇到了困难。54. 许多年轻人都喜欢听流行音乐。误：Many young people are fond to listen to pop music.正：Many young people are fond of listening to pop music.析：表示喜欢做某事，通常用 be fond of doing sth，而不用 be fond to do sth。55. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。误：They forgave him to be rude.正：They forgave his being rude.正：They forgave (him) his rudeness.正：They forgave him for being rude.析：forgive(原谅)之后可以接名词或代词作宾语，也可以接双宾语，还可以接动名词(通常有逻辑主语)以及用于 forgive sb for doing sth 等，但是它通常不接不定式的复合结构。56. 他用惊恐的眼神看着他周围的每一个人。误：He stared at everyone around him with frightening eyes.正：He stared at everyone around him with frightened eyes.析：比较 frightening 与 frightened：前者指“令人害怕的”，后者指“感到害怕的”。比较：frightened eyes 惊恐的眼神。frightening eyes 吓人的眼神。The man was frightened. 这个人很害怕(即被吓住了)。The man was frightening. 这个人很恐怖(好像要伤人似的)。57. 这个假日过得真没意思，我们还不如呆在家里。误：This holiday isnt very funny; we might as well be back home. 正：This holiday isnt much fun; we might as well be back home. 析：虽然有的词典将 funny 的词义注为“有趣的”，但它的实际意思其实是 amusing, causing laughter，即它所表示的有趣实际上是一种滑稽可笑的有趣，如：a funny story 一个滑稽可笑的故事。由此可见，上例中用 funny 显然不合原意。58. 十八世纪是小说的黄金时期。误：The 18th century was the gold age of the novel. 正：The 18th century was the golden age of the novel. 析：gold 和 golden用于名词作定语时的原则区别是：gold 主要表示“金质的”，也可表示 “金色的”。但当用于比喻义表示“宝贵的”“黄金般的”等义时，习惯上要用 golden。59. 你的意思是说我不适合做这工作?误：Are you suggesting that I should not be suited for the job?正：Are you suggesting that Im not suited for the job?析：suggest 后接 that 从句时，用不用虚拟语气与 suggest所表示的意思有关：(1)suggest 表示“建议”时，后接的 that 从句谓语通常用“(should)动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。如：His wife suggested that he (should) give up smoking. 他妻子建议他戒烟。(2)suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义时，则后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气。如：What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。I am not suggesting that the accident was your fault. 我不是说这事故是你的错。Others suggest that they two will be equals. 其他人认为他们俩将是势均力敌。60. 不管是谁打电话来, 都说我出去了。误：Whoever telephones, and tell them Im out.正：Whoever =No matter who telephones, tell them Im out.析：whoever 用以引导让步状语从句(不管是谁)且位于主句之前时，注意不要其后的主句前误加连词 and。761. 我早上一到六点就醒，这习惯改不掉了。误：I cant get out of the habit to wake at six in the morning.正：I cant get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.析：表示做某事的习惯，英语习惯上用the habit of doing sth，而不用 the habit to do sth。注意，下面一句habit后用了不定式，但它不是修饰habit的定语，而是句子的主语：It is my habit to get up early every morning.每天早起是我的习惯。62. 他因犯谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。误：He was hung for murder. 正：He was hanged for murder. 析：hang 表示“悬挂”时为不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词是 hung；表示“吊死”“绞死”时为规则动词，过去式和过去分词是 hanged。63. 这本书对小孩来说不属健康读物。误：The book is not healthful reading for children.正：The book is not healthy reading for children.析：healthy 和 healthful 都可表示“有益于健康的”，但是有时我们说的“健康”，不是针对本义而言的，而是用于其引申义，此时应用 healthy 而不用 healthful。64. 他们根本没有希望成功。误：They have no hope to succeed.正：They have no hope of succeeding success.析：hope(希望)用作名词时，其后通常不能接不定式作定语，遇此情况可改用 of (doing) sth。又如：I have no hope of going. 我没有希望去。65. 不管航程多么短，这一班机上都有些吃的。误：However short is the journey, you always get something to eat on this airline. 正：However short the journey is, you always get something to eat on this airline. 析：however 表示“无论如何”“不管怎样”时，大致相当于no matter how，用以修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however + 形容词或副词+主语+谓语。又如：Phone me when you arrive，however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。66. 她对他刻薄的话感到很伤心。误：She was seriously hurt by his unkind words.正：She was deeply hurt by his unkind words.析：hurt 既可以表示身体上的“受伤”“疼痛”，也可表示感情上的“伤害”。表示前者通常用 badly, bitterly, seriously, slightly 等副词修饰；表示后者通常用very (much), deeply, rather, greatly 等副词修饰。67.