高考短文改错典型错误集锦.doc

高考短文改错典型错误集锦1.一致关系方面的错误主要包括主谓不一致，时态不一致和代词的指代不一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与主语保持一致，动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词所指代的内容要与其先行词在人称、单复数、主格、宾格及所有格，以及自身所指代成分意义上保持一致。主语和谓语不一致，时态与语境不一致，或者代词的指代前后矛盾，比如本该用主格用了宾格，或人称混淆的错误，这些都是一致关系方面常出现的考查热点。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1、But then there is always more mysteries to look into.（isare）2、I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand how the world works.（it-they）3、They didnt want me to do any work at home. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subjects.（didntdont）4、for example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place that I couldnt find.（them-it）5、He said he is busy.（is-was）6、The three of them were very excited .（them-us）7、and tried to translate anything into English.（anything-everything）8、Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word-words）9、I just smiled to me and thought,（me-myself）10 、I looked at his other hands.（hands-hand）2.一致关系方面的错误（1）主谓不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1)What are your favourite sport？（areis）2) Nobody except my parents know anything about it. 主语为Nobody，谓语要用knows.3)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. （isare）3.一致关系方面的错误（2）时态不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.（drovedrive）2)They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing.（havehad）3)Hello，I learn about you from my English teacher，（learnlearned）4)I will send you the photos we take last week.(taketook,定语从句中的时间状语是last week，是过去的时间，故take要改为took。)5)I remembered her words and calm down . （calmcalmed）6)She look like enjoying the concert the other day. （looklooked）7)The time passes quickly. Evening came. （passespassed）8)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. （readsread）4.一致关系方面的错误（3）语态不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1. Books may be keep for four weeks.( keepkept)2. I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts. (givinggiven)3. She was leave to sweep up after the party.（leaveleft）4.Their paintings were not fully understand by many people at the time.（understandunderstood）5.He was take away in an ambulance.（taketaken）5.一致关系方面的错误（4）名词的单复数不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1) and asked me lots of question.（questionquestions）2) We study quite a few subject，such as maths（subjectsubjects）3)and often watch football match on TV（matchmatches）4) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success，（schoolmateschoolmates）6.一致关系方面的错误（5）代词的性、数不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel（histheir）2. I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand how the world works.（itthey）3. He drove too fast, and the police stopped her and handed him a ticket.（herhim）7.一致关系方面的错误（6）形容词和副词形式不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1.The bad news made us feel sadly. （sadlysad）2.Are you certainly that he will help us check the information?（certainlycertain）3.The children learn to read and write, and they play games as good.（goodwell）8.一致关系方面的错误（7）语意不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1. She was smiling but nodding at me.（butand）2. He likes sports, but I like music.（butwhile）3. The food was expensive and the service was good. （andbut）4. Pick out the wrong sentences but correct them. （butand）5.Work hard, or youll succeed sooner and later. （orand）9.一致关系方面的错误（8）逻辑关系不一致（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1. I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.（wherewhich）2. This is the best film which I have ever seen. （whichthat）3. I also enjoyed the days when we spent together.（whenwhich that）4. The ones what you decide not to keep can be traded with other people.（whatwhich that）5. Unfortunately, I wont be able to visit you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon.（althoughbecause）10.连接手段方面的错误连接不当会造成上下文不衔接。英语中句与句连接一般使用并列连词或从属连词。或若并列句，要判断句与句之间是并列、转折、选择、递进关系，还是让步关系。、从而选择恰当的连词，若为复合句，首先应判断内含何种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否正确，是否有遗漏或多余现象，要注意句子结构的完整性。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1、I think I like those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. （what-how） 2、In one class, I learned it rained. （it 前加 why）3、For example, when he bought a chocolate cake he put in a secret place where I couldnt find. （find 后加 it）4、It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. （we 前加when）5、just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. （but-and）6、He was silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: （So-Then/And）7.I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and)8.Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（Clever as she is是让步状语从句，后面那句是主句，不能用but，故要去掉but）9. My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.（or改成and，并列关系，“于是、同时、然后”等意思）10. Some friends of his go to see him every day , they take him（they前加and）11.平行结构方面的错误平行结构是指两个或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的词、词组或从句并列在一起的结构，在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词并列，形容词与形容词并列，不定式与不定式并列，短语与短语并列。平行结构常使用等立连词and, but, or或连词词组not onlybut also,not. but, eitheror,neithernor,as well as等。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1、As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. （visiting-visited）2、I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. （去掉should）3、She liked it very mush and reads it to the class. （reads-read）12.非谓语动词形式的错误非谓语动词的考查是短文改错常见的热点和难点，比如含有介词to的动词短语后使用了动词原形。介词后面本该用动名词，却用了动词原形，本该用现在分词做状语却用了动词原形或过去分词等现象。主要是根据非谓语动词在句中的搭配，功能与表达的意义，判断在具体语境中该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，判断to是介词还是不定式符号，判断接带to还是不带to的不定式，判断非谓语动词用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式等。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1.They were made do the job from morning till night. make用在被动态的时候，后面的to要还原，故do前要加to。2.in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. 对感兴趣应该要用be interested in, 故interesting要改为 interested 3.Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also 主语要用动名词短语来充当，故play要改为 playing。4.My parents love me and will do all they can make sure all是do的宾语，其后的they can是定语从句，can后省略了do，do all they can 后应该跟目的状语，由不定式短语来充当，故make sure 前要加to。5.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking)6.Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词of 后需接动名词 read - reading)7. But then there are always more mysteries look into.（look 前加 to）8. After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me .（learn-learning）9. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.（make前加 to）10. He didn t want share things with other people.（want 后加 to）11. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.（making-made）12.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.（talk-talking）13.冗言方面的错误造成冗言错误的原因主要由于汉英表达上的差异。对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异，主要考程度副词和频度副词。如: much more, often等的多余，介词的多余，语义的重复，固定搭配中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某些词语等。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1、Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words, I am an only child.（去 any）2、We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.（去 about）3、For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o clock in the morning.（去 on）4、Evening came down.（去 down）5、The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.（去 in）6、They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early.（去that）14.冠词的使用方面的错误冠词是英语中特有的词，由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词，大家对它的用法感到难以掌握，高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有，但多数是考查其基本用法，如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词a，an与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中冠词的误用等等。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1、For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery.（去 a）2、We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together.（a samethe same）3、As everyone knows, it is famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.（famous 前加 a ）4、Because there are more the honors and joys in my life.（去 the）15.名词的数与格方面的错误汉语中的名词没有单复数形式。英语则不同，如果英语的名词是可数名词，它有单复数形式。一般来讲，不可数名词没有复数式。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1、I used to love science classall of thembiology, chemistry, geography, physics.( class-classes)2、They dont want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject-subjects)3、There are around one hundred woman workers in this factory. (woman-women)4、Do you know he is a friend of John? (JohnJohns)5、He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. (ideas-idea)16.词语搭配方面的错误这主要考查介词与动词，名词、形容词的固定搭配，副词与动词的固定搭配，及物动词后面介词或副词的多余以及不及物动词后面缺少介词，英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等。（点击“查看答案”看例子）详解：1.They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.( eager前加were)2. Id like to your penfriend.（to后加be或become）3. Now I cant watch television but a few years ago I was used to watch it every night.（去掉was）4. Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. （去掉a