高一下期units9and10语法.docx

Unit9语法项目现在完成进行时1. 现在完成进行时的定义 ：现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。2. 现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时是由have/has+been+动词的现在分词构成3. 现在完成进行时的用法（1）表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在或离现在不远的时间，这个动作可能已经停止，也可能还在进行。常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently 等状语以及since和for所引导的时间状语连用。 I have been waiting you for about 1 hour.我等你大约一个小时了。People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in London for years.She has been working all night long.她工作了一夜。 I have been working here since 2000. 自从2000年开始我一直在这里工作。(2)表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动。如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. （3）现在完成进行时有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情色彩。I have been waiting for you for a long time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事情。You really have been making things difficult for him. 你也真是太难为他了。二、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：I have read the book. 我读过这本书。I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。【注】有少数动词（如work, study, live, teach, stay等）在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多（只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性）。如：How long have you worked been working here? 你在这儿工作多久了？Ive lived been living here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。2. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。（陈述事实）I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。（等得好辛苦）3. 现在完成进行时 通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用 现在完成时。如：He has lived in Paris. 他（一直）住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris. 他（目前）住在巴黎。（表暂时性）4. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如：Ive only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。Theyve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。5. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如：The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。现在完进行时高考回放：1.(2011上海春) Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year.A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying2.(2010江苏) - Why, Jack, you look so tired!- Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting3.(2010陕西) I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately.A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough4.(2010江西) Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she_ since her marriage to Father.A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering5.(2010辽宁) Joseph _ to evening classes since last month, buthe still cant say “Whats your name” in Russian.A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone6.(2010湖南) Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seemto have finished anything.A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping7.(2010天津) We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest.A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked8.(2009浙江) Over the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arcticas a result of global warming.A. had decreased B. decreasedC.has been decreasing D. is decreasing9.(2009山东) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997.A. is B. are C. has been D. have beenunit10不定代词1.some / any的用法 One 可以泛指任何人，还可以在形容词和that, this 等词后代替刚提过的可数名词，其复数形式为ones,可用作主语宾语。 Some 和any通常做定语，都可用来修饰可数与不可数名词、单数或复数名词；Some用于单数可数名词之前，表示“某一”；some 用于数词前，表示“大约”； some 一般用于肯定句（注：在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any），any 多用于疑问句、否定句中。Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗？Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢？Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？2. no one / none 的用法(1) no one 意为没有人，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如：No one is there. Who is in the classroom？ No one.(2) none 代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；常与 of 连用，通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个，回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如： -How many students are there?- NoneNone of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 3 . other， another， others， the other 的用法.(1) other 表示泛指，意为“另外的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the， this， some， any， each， every， no， one 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。如： I have no other place to go（2） others ：它是 other 的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如： Some are carrying water, others are watering the trees.(3) another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如： This cap is too small for me. Show me another （one）。 We need another three assistants in our shop. 我们商店再需要三名助理。(4) the other ：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.高考回放1. You may drop in or just give me a call. will do.A. Either B. EachC.Neither D. All2.N o progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of . A.others B. the otherC. either D. another3. My most famous relative of all. _ who really left his mark on Amercia, was Reb Sussel, my grandfather.A