人教版选修七Unit 4 Sharing Language points课时作业（3）.docx

unit 4 sharing language points课时作业第一节 完型填空decades ago, i was one of the unhappiest men in new york. i was selling trucks for a living. i didnt know what made a truck run. that wasnt all: i didnt want to know. i despised (看不起) my job. i despised living in a 1 furnished room filled with cockroaches (蟑螂). when i 2 out for a fresh necktie, they scattered in all directions. i despised eating in dirty restaurants 3 filled with cockroaches.i came back to my lonely room each night with a sick headache 4 by disappointment and bitterness. was this life? was this the adventure i had 5? was this all life would ever 6 to meworking at a job i despised, living with cockroaches, and eating bad food? i 7 for leisure to read and to write the books i had dreamed of writing back in my college days.i knew i had everything to gain and 8 to lose by giving up the job i despised. so i quitted the work i hated and 9 i had studied in the teachers college, preparing to teach, i would make my living teaching adult classes in night schools. then i would have my 10 free to read books, prepare lectures, and write novels.what subject should i teach? as i looked back and 11 my own college training, i saw that public speaking was of more 12 value to me than everything else i had studied in college because it had 13out my lack of confidence and given me the courage to deal with people. it had also made 14 that leadership usually favors the man who can get up and speak his mind.then i started teaching in night schools, where i had to show 15 results quickly. these 16didnt come for college credits. they came for one reason only: to solve problems. they wanted to stand up on their own feet and say a few words at a business meeting without fainting from 17. they wanted to call on a(n) 18 customer without having to walk around the block three times to get up 19. they wanted to develop self-confidence. i had to 20 my studentsi had to help them. by doing this, i found my true calling and happiness.1.a.wellb.cheapc.fullyd.partly2.a.soughtb.reachedc.stoodd.set3.a.abruptlyb.barelyc.probablyd.properly4.a.fedb.raisedc.arousedd.followed5.a.stepped out forb.looked forward toc.worked up to d.gone in for6.a.happenb.caterc.meand.see7.a.askedb.longedc.searchedd.went8.a.everythingb.anythingc.somethingd.nothing9.a.onceb.whilec.sinced.after10.a.momentsb.daysc.monthsd.years11.a.checkedb.tookc.recalledd.evaluated12.a.practicalb.economicalc.innerd.technical13.a.givenb.wipedc.carriedd.got14.a.essentialb.solidc.cleard.simple15.a.concreteb.accurate c.absoluted.various16.a.salesmenb.customersc.childrend.adults17.a.disappointmentb.frightc.bitternessd.depression18.a.uniqueb.earnestc.regulard.tough19.a.interestb.hopec.couraged.expectation20.a.assistb.organizec.leadd.motivate答案1.b2.b3.c4.a5.b6.c7.b8.d9.c10.b11.d12.a13.b14.c15.a16.d17.b18.d19.c20.d第二节 阅读理解awhat we know of pre-birth training makes all this attempt made by a mother to influence the character of her unborn child by studying poetry,art or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. how could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? there is no connection between their nervous systems. even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.an emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands (腺) and the chemistry of her blood.any chemical change in the mothers blood will affect the child for better or worse.but we cannot see how a liking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved (溶解) in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.in our discussion of instincts (本能) we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit (继承) must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. it is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. it may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. if very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.as for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear,a special structure of the hands or the vocal (发声的) organs connections between nerves and muscles. if these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. the same factors, in other circumstances, might be organized about some other centers of interest.the rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. the capable fingers might develop a skill in surgery. it is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other fields may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.1.what can we learn from the first paragraph?a.mothers pre-birth training is totally unlikely to influence the character of unborn children.b.a pregnant mother neednt have pre-birth training because of no nervous connection with her child.c.a mother cant help her child become a talented poet just by studying poems during pregnancy.d.an emotional shock to the mother has little effect on her unborn child for their unconnected vessels.2.it can be concluded from the passage that a child may not inherit from the mother.a.sensitive earsb.capable fingersc.intelligenced.a knowledge of maths3.which of the following can be the best title of the passage?a.role of inheritanceb.role of the environmentc.an unborn childd.inherited talents答案1.c2.d3.abthe supreme courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients pain and suffering.although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effects”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.nancy dubler, director of montefiore medical center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.george annas, chair of the health law department at boston university, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “its like surgery,” he says. “we dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. if youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.”on another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.just three weeks before the courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the national academy of science (nas) released a two-volume report, approaching death: improving care at the end of life. it identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.the profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. he says medical licensing boards “must make it clear . that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.4.from the first three paragraphs, we learn that .a.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients painb.it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesc.the supreme court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicided.patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide5.which of the following statements is true according to the text?a.doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death.b.modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.c.the court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.d.a doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions.6. which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 4, paragraph 7)?a.bold.b.harmful.c.careless.d.desperate.7. george annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .a.manage their patients incompetentlyb.give patients more medicine than neededc.reduce drug dosages for their patientsd.prolong the needless suffering of the patients答案4.b5.c6.a7.dcchimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. but beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.in the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. if a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage,he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. chimps are truly selfish.human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. from the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. the psychologist michael tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. he finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.there are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught,but naturally possessed in young children.one is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. a third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cogn