人教版高一英语必修三专题之 句型透析 学案：Unit4　Astronomy the science of the stars.doc

二、句型剖析1.what 引导的主语从句【典型例句】what we need are useful books.我们所需要的是有用的书。what he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.他想看到的是世界军队的消失。what made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.使学校自豪的是90%的学生被重点大学录取了。【相关链接】主语从句可以由连词that, whether;连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever, whichever; 连接副词 when, where, how, why 等来引导。that 引导主语从句，在从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只起连接词的作用，通常不可省略。主语从句一般用 whether 而不用 if 引导。活学巧用1.单项填空（1）（经典回放）after yang liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.a.whereb.whatc.thatd.how答案:b（2）_ all the inventions have in common is _ they have succeeded.a.what; whatb.that; thatc.what; thatd.that; what答案：c（3）_ belongs to china is known to all of the world.a.taiwanb.as taiwanc.when taiwand.that taiwan答案:d（4）_ you go or stay at home wont make any difference.a.ifb.whenc.thatd.whether答案:d2.make it ；think it【典型例句】george made it clear that he disagreed.乔治表示得很清楚了，他不同意。the blister on my foot made it painful to walk.我脚上的水泡，使我走路很疼。i think it important that we should keep calm.我认为我们得保持镇静，这一点很重要。we made it a rule to get up at 6 oclok every morning.我们规定每天早上6点起床。we found it difficult to get along with him.我们发现很难与他相处。【知识小结】(1)上面例句中，it 作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式，动名词和从句等。（2）it 作形式宾语的固定句型有：s（主）+ p（谓） +a.+it + clauseb.+ prep. +it +clausec.+ it + prep.phrase + claused.+ it +adj. +clausee.+ it +n. +clausef.+ it +p.p.+ clause活学巧用2.单项填空（1）i would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.a.untilb.ifc.whend.that提示: it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句。句意为“如果你今天下午为了医生的约会回个电话的话，我将很感激。”考查的是 if引导的条件句作真正宾语，if 是“如果”的意思。答案: b（2）why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?a.thisb.thatc.whatd.it提示:句意：“为什么你不让他注意到你很忙而不能做那件事呢？”此句中 bring 的真正宾语是后置的 that you are too busy to do it。bring 后面可以用 it 作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语。答案:d（3）we make _ a rule to get up at 6 ocolock every morning.a.itb.thatc.whatd.when提示:it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是“to get up ”。答案:a3.by doing/ n. 做某事的手段、方式【典型例句】i dont think she can help him by giving him money.我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。he used to make his living by painting.他以前是靠画画为生。he came here by bus instead of on foot.他是坐公共汽车来的，而不步行来的。【相关链接】by 为prep. (表示方法、手段)靠；用；通过。by sea “乘船”;by land “由陆地”；by hand “手工”；by mouth “口头（上）”；by no means by chance/ accident “偶然”；by phone /fax 通过电话/传真；by mistake “由疏忽所致”；by weight/ volume “按重量/体积”；by way of “经，由”；by the way “顺便说；顺便问一下”；by oneself “独自”；by then “到那时”；by hundreds “数以百计”。活学巧用3.1)完成句子（1）i met mary _ (偶然地) yesterday.答案:by accident/chance(2)_ (有可能) that you will be chosen.答案:by any chance2)单项填空（1）we cant travel through the forest _ road, because there arent any roads.a.inb.onc.byd.at提示:句意为“我们不能穿过森林通过道路”by road “通过道路”。答案:c（2）mary improved her english greatly _ the means _ reading english every day.a.in; ofb.with; byc.by; ofd.in; by提示:by the means of “通过的方式”。答案:c4.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛【典型例句】mandy felt as if they were ganging up on her.曼迪觉得他们好像合伙对付她。 you made it sound as if you have to go without food for days on end.你的话听起来好像在说你不得不连续几天不吃东西。i remember the whole thing, as if it happened yesterday.我仍从头至尾记着这件事，好像它是昨天发生的一样。【知识小结】as if 相当于 as though 似乎；好像；仿佛；既可引导真实语气，又可引导虚拟语气。活学巧用4.翻译句子（1）他看起来好像病了。_答案：he looks as if he were ill.（2）他工作热情这么高，好像从不知道疲倦(fatigue)似的。_答案：he works with such enthusiasm as if he never knew fatigue.（3）看起来你需要振作起来。_答案：you look as if you need cheering up.5.as/ such/ too/ so 等修饰名词【典型例句】i have never seen so poor a car as before.我以前从未见过这么差的一辆车。he has too small a car to hold all of us.他的车太小了，容不下我们大家。i cant afford that big a house, though i like it very much.虽然我非常喜欢那座大房子，我却买不起它。how fine a day it is！ lets go camping.今天多好啊！我们去野炊吧。she was so lovely a girl.她是如此可爱的一个小姑娘。【知识小结】（1）so 作为副词，修饰动词、形容词或副词，常用于以下结构：so + adj./adv. +that clauseso +adj. +a/an +n. +that clauseso +many/much/few/little +n.，+that clause注意：little 表示“小”时，要用 such。（2）such 作为形容词，修饰名词，常用于以下结构：such +a/an +adj. +n. (单)+that-clausesuch +adj. +可数名词复数不可数名词+ that-clause【相关链接】so +adj./adv.； such +adj. 或 such+ a/an +adj. 放于句首，句子要倒装。活学巧用5.1)用 so, such, such a 和 such an 填空（1）it _ happened that i couldnt attend the meeting.答案：so(2)_ little children have _ much homework to do everyday!答案：such; so(3)can you believe that in _ rich country there should be _ many poor people?答案：such a; so2)单项填空（1）my family as well as i _ glad to see you.a.wasb.isc.ared.am提示